Late Wisconsinan glacial stratigraphy and history of southeastern Manitoba

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Teller ◽  
Mark M. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Lacustrine Sediment ◽  
Precambrian Rock ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

The history of Late Wisconsinan glaciation in southwestern Manitoba has been established by identifying and correlating ice-laid lithostratigraphic units in the subsurface. Five Late Wisconsinan tills are defined on the basis of their texture, mineralogic composition, and stratigraphic position. These new formations are, from youngest to oldest, Marchand, Whitemouth Lake, Roseau, Senkiw, and Whiteshell Formations.Late Wisconsinan ice first invaded southeastern Manitoba 22 000 to 24 000 years ago. This Laurentide glacier advanced from the northeast across the Precambrian Shield and deposited the sandy Whiteshell and Senkiw tills, which contain abundant Precambrian rock fragments and minerals and few Paleozoic carbonate grains. Shortly after this, Keewatin ice advanced from the northwest over Paleozoic carbonate rocks, depositing the loamy carbonate-rich Roseau Formation throughout most of the area. This ice remained over southeastern Manitoba until after 13 500 years ago, when it rapidly retreated northward with Lake Agassiz on its heels. Two brief glacial readvances occurred. The first overrode Lake Agassiz lacustrine sediment as far south as central North Dakota shortly after about 13 000 years ago. The clayey Whitemouth Lake till was deposited in southern Manitoba at this time. After a rapid retreat, the ice briefly pushed southward over southeastern Manitoba about 12 000 years ago to just south of the International Boundary. The sandy carbonate-rich Marchand Formation was deposited at this time as the ice overrode its own sandy outwash. By 11 000 years ago, ice had disappeared from southeastern Manitoba.

Late Quaternary History of Lake Manitoba, Canada

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Teller ◽  
William M. Last
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The South ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Barrier Beach ◽  
South Basin ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe postglacial history of Lake Manitoba has been deduced from a study of the changes in physical, mineralogical, and chemical variables in sediment cores collected from the lake. Six lithostratigraphic units are recognized in the South Basin of the lake. Weakly developed pedogenic zones, reflecting dry or extremely low water conditions in the basin, separate five of these six units. The initial phase of lacustrine sedimentation in the Lake Manitoba basin began shortly after 12,000 yr B.P. as water was impounded in front of the receding glacier to form Lake Agassiz. By 11,000 yr ago, continued retreat of the ice sheet opened lower outlets to the east and much of Lake Agassiz drained, including the Lake Manitoba basin. Water levels again rose at 9900 yr B.P., but by about 9200 yr B.P. the South Basin was again dry. For the next 4700 yr there was an alternation of wet and dry conditions in the basin in response to the interaction of a warmer and drier climate and differential crustal rebound of the basin. About 4500 yr ago a new phase of Lake Manitoba sedimentation was initiated when the Assiniboine River began to discharge into the South Basin. The Assiniboine River was diverted out of the Lake Manitoba watershed about 2200 yr ago. Erosion and redistribution of the sandy deltaic sediments deposited by the Assiniboine River has created the barrier beach that now separates the extensive marsh to the south of the lake from the main lake.

Late Quaternary sedimentation in central Flemish Pass

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. W. Piper ◽  
Christopher P. G. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labrador Current ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quaternary History ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

Flemish Pass is a basin in 1000 m water depth on the continental slope off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and has a Quaternary fill principally of turbidites. The late Quaternary history of the pass has been investigated using mid-range side-scan sonargraphs, high-resolution seismic profiles, and cores dated using C-14. The sequence of facies in the cores reveals six lithostratigraphic units deposited in the past 40 ka. At 15–19 ka and ?25–30 ka, sedimentation was dominated by debris-flow and turbidite deposits, together with hemipelagic deposits of similar clay-size mineralogy, derived from the Grand Banks. At other times, ice-rafting and hemipelagic sedimentation, principally of carbonate-rich sediment transported by the Labrador Current, predominated. A late Quaternary regional unconformity on the slope may reflect the effects of ice sheets reaching the shelf break, probably in the Early Wisconsinan. Late Wisconsinan resedimentation was not related to ice-marginal processes and probably resulted from iceberg impacts.

Stratigraphy, paleoecology, and glacial history of the Gillam area, Manitoba

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Nielsen ◽  
Alan V. Morgan ◽  
Anne Morgan ◽  
R. J. Mott ◽  
N. W. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Glacial Lake Agassiz ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
History Of

Sections along the Nelson River in northern Manitoba, outcropping upstream and downstream from Limestone Dam, record a long succession of late Quaternary events. The oldest sediment exposed consists of sandy, nonfossiliferous Sundance till of northwestern provenance and related to a Kansan or Illinoian glaciation. The paleosol developed in the Sundance till is assigned to the Yarmouthian or Sangamon interglacial on its stratigraphic position and depth of weathering. Fossiliferous, clayey Amery till of eastern provenance overlies the Sundance till and underlies the nonglacial Nelson River sediments. Aspartic acid D/L ratios of wood fragments from the Nelson River sediments correlate with an aspartic acid D/L ratio of similar wood from the Missinaibi Formation in Ontario. Beetle analysis indicates the Nelson River sediments were deposited north of the tree line under conditions more severe than those found in the area today. The deposits are believed to be of latest Sangamon or possibly Mid-Wisconsinan age. The Wisconsinan Stage is represented by the Long Spruce and Sky Pilot tills deposited by ice from the east. These tills are texturally and compositionally similar but are different colours. The overlying Henday sediments record glaciofiuvial deposition and mass wasting along the eastward retreating ice margin. Varves indicate the area was covered by glacial Lake Agassiz for less than 100 years after the ice retreated. The breakup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Hudson Bay and the final drainage of Lake Agassiz took place 7800–8000 years ago when the Hudson Bay Lowland was inundated by the marine water of the Tyrrell Sea. The area emerged from the Tyrrell Sea about 6500 years BP.

Submarine and onshore end moraines in southern Newfoundland: implications for the history of late Wisconsinan ice retreat

Boreas ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN SHAW ◽  
DOUGLAS R. GRANT ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE GUILBAULT ◽  
THANE W. ANDERSON ◽  
D. RUSSELL PARROTT
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

scholarly journals Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Upper Palaeozoic and Triassic sediments in the Wandel Sea Basin, central and eastern North Greenland

1989 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
L Stemmerik ◽  
E Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
The West ◽  
Depositional History ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
History Of

A lithostratigraphic scheme is erected for the Lower Carboniferous to Triassic sediments of the Wandel Sea Basin, from Lockwood Ø in the west to Holm Land in the east. The scheme is based on the subdivision into the Upper Carboniferous - Lower Permian Mallemuk Mountain Group and the Upper Permian - Triassic Trolle Land Group. In addition the Upper Carboniferous Sortebakker Formation and the Upper Permian Kap Kraka Formation are defined. Three formations and four members are included in the Mallemuk Mountain Group. Lithostratigraphic units include: Kap Jungersen Formation (new) composed of interbedded limestones, sandstones and shales with minor gypsum - early Moscovian; Foldedal Formation composed of interbedded limestones and sandstones -late Moseovian to late Gzhelian; Kim Fjelde Formation composed of well bedded Iimestones - late Gzhelian to Kungurian. The Trolle Land Group includes three formations: Midnatfjeld Formation composed of dark shales, sandstones and limestones - Late Permian; Parish Bjerg Formation composed of a basal conglomeratic sandstone overlain by shales and sandstones - ?Early Triassic (Scythian); Dunken Formation composed of dark shales and sandstones - Triassic (Scythian-Anisian). The Sortebakker Formation (new) is composed of interbedded sandstones, shales and minor coal of floodplain origin. The age is Early Carboniferous. The Kap Kraka Formation (new) includes poorly known hematitic sandstones, conglomerates and shales of Late Permian age.

Holocene evolution of the Assiniboine River paleochannels and Portage la Prairie alluvial fan

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Rannie ◽  
L. H. Thorleifson ◽  
J. T. Teller
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Red River ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Side

The Portage la Prairie alluvial fan was constructed by numerous successive paleochannels of the Assiniboine River along the western side of the Lake Agassiz basin as the level of the lake rapidly declined beginning 9500 years ago. The history of the paleochannels during the first several thousand years is not known. Paleochannel morphologies and cross-cutting relations, soil maturity, and radiocarbon dates, however, indicate that by 6000–7000 years ago flow was northward into Lake Manitoba. This direction was maintained until about 3000 years ago, when avulsion redirected the Assiniboine eastward to the Red River near Winnipeg. The morphologies of the paleochannels suggest that channel-forming discharges and sediment loads of the ancestral rivers have not differed significantly from the modern values despite palynological evidence that the climate was warmer and drier during much of the Holocene.

Public Law 78: A Tangle of Domestic and International Relations

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Creagan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Law ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
The Impact

The movement of Mexican laborers across the international boundary into the southwestern United States has been occurring since the establishment of a boundary in that area. It is a natural movement of worker toward the source of work. Interests of the governments involved have caused checks to be placed upon this movement of workers. Public Law 78 represented one of the recent attempts of the United States government, through co-operation with the Mexican government, to regulate the movement of migrant workers.In this article I will briefly trace the history of PL 78. The impact of this law upon Mexico and its relevance for United States relations with that country are of importance.

Source and Origin of Roxana Silt and Middle Wisconsinan Midcontinent Glacial Activity

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hilton Johnson ◽  
Leon R. Follmer
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Upper Mississippi River ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Mississippi River Valley ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

AbstractThick Roxana Silt (middle Wisconsinan) in central and southwestern Illinois traditionally has been interpreted as loess derived from valley-train deposits in the ancient Mississippi River valley. Winters et al. (H. A. Winters, J. J. Alford, and R. L. Rieck, Quaternary Research 29, 25–35, 1988) recently suggested that the Roxana was not directly related to glacial activity, but was derived from sediment produced by increased shoreline and spillway erosion associated with a fluctuating ancestral Lake Michigan. Because (1) paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic conditions inferred in the hypothesis are unlikely for a loess depositional system and (2) loess did not accumulate during late Wisconsinan deglaciation under conditions similar to those hypothesized, we suggest the hypothesis should be rejected. Roxana distribution suggests the major source was drainage from the upper Mississippi River valley, and variations in loess thickness in Illinois can be explained by consideration of valley width, depth, orientation, and postdepositional erosion. Tills in the headwaters region of the ancient Mississippi drainage system in Minnesota and Wisconsin occur in the appropriate stratigraphic position and have colors and mineralogic compositions that suggest they could be the parent till of the Roxana. We believe a valley-train source for thick Roxana is most probable and urge continued consideration of middle Wisconsinan glaciation in the upper Great Lakes area.

A reconstruction of glacial events in southeastern New Brunswick

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1594-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Foisy ◽  
Gilbert Prichonnet
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Glaciofluvial Deposits ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Radial Outflow ◽  
North And South

Sedimentological and petrographical data obtained from five sections located north and south of the Caledonian Highlands in southeastern New Brunswick demonstrate the existence of three main till units and one glaciofluvial unit, which have been grouped in four distinct lithostratigraphic units. The lower till was deposited by a glacier that overrode the Caledonian Highlands from northwest to southeast and advanced as far as Nova Scotia during Middle(?) to Late Wisconsinan times. The overlying middle till from the north provides evidence that ice continued to advance across the Highlands from northwest toward southeast and then was partially overwhelmed by another glacier that was advancing southwest along the southern border of the Highlands: this glacier deposited a coeval middle till. During Late Wisconsinan deglaciation, ice separated into two masses: a residual ice cap with radial outflow from the Highlands; and a lobe in the Chignecto Bay, retreating toward the northeast. The existence of a plateau ice cap is demonstrated by the presence of till and glaciofluvial deposits in the upper part of all surveyed sections, and is supported by the sequence of ice flow patterns recorded by striae and the centrifugal distribution of meltwater flow indicators. The weak development of soils, the fresh appearance of till and morainic landforms, and the lack of periglacial features throughout the area, especially on the Highlands, all favour the interpretation that the Caledonian Highlands were not a nunatak during the glacial maximum of the Late Wisconsinan Substage.

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