scholarly journals Governance as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone1

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian E. Fuss ◽  
James W.N. Steenberg ◽  
Marian L. Weber ◽  
M.A. (Peggy) Smith ◽  
Irena F. Creed
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
Governance Arrangements

The Canadian boreal forest is primarily public land, owned and managed by provincial governments on behalf of the public interest. Boreal forest governance consists of a complex patchwork of federal and provincial legislation, policies, tenures, and delegated authorities designed to achieve multiple (and often conflicting) social, ecological, and economic objectives. We examine the implications of boreal governance arrangements for sustainable management of ecosystem services. The paper shows how current multi-level governance arrangements that evolved from Canada’s Constitution Act are not effective at managing the cross-scale and cross-sectoral challenges of ecosystem services and have created a crisis of legitimacy for forest decisions. We show how the rise of nonstate arrangements, marketization, and decentralization are partly a response to governance gaps for ecosystem services as well as a reflection of global trends in forest governance. Past trends related to governance themes (the role and scope of government, the level of integration and coordination, Indigenous empowerment, and geopolitical influences) are used to motivate future governance scenarios.

scholarly journals Natural fire regime: a guide for sustainable management of the Canadian boreal forest

Silva Fennica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Alain Leduc ◽  
Brian Harvey ◽  
Sylvie Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Natural Fire Regime ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

scholarly journals “A Very Noble Crop”: Financial Stability, Agronomic Expertise, and Personal Values Support Conservation in Shade-Grown Coffee Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7227
Author(s):  
Jeannine H. Richards ◽  
Ingrid M. Torrez Luna ◽  
Alberto Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Building Conservation ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Conservation Interventions

Shade-grown coffee is an important reservoir for tropical biodiversity, but habitat quality hinges on decisions made by farmers. Our research aims to investigate the link between coffee producers’ decisions and outcomes for biodiversity, using epiphytes as our focal group. Using qualitative methods, we interviewed 33 producers in northern Nicaragua to understand how they connect trees and epiphytes on their farms to ecosystem services and how personal values, access to agronomic expertise, labor supply, and financial stability influence decision-making. We used interview responses to construct six producer typologies. Most producers had strong positive attitudes toward trees and associated them with a variety of important ecosystem services. Smallholders were more likely to connect trees with provisioning services, while producers on larger farms and with greater agronomic knowledge emphasized regulating services. Most producers connected epiphytes primarily with aesthetic values. Across demographics, producers emphasized the restorative potential for shade coffee in repairing damage to soil, water, and nutrient cycles caused by other forms of agriculture. The conservation significance and sustainability of this social-ecological system can be maintained and expanded through economic and capacity-building conservation interventions, especially when those can be connected to values already held by farmers.

Multi-level social-ecological networks in a payments for ecosystem services programme in central Veracruz, Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alfonso Langle-Flores ◽  
Adriana Aguilar Rodríguez ◽  
Humberto Romero-Uribe ◽  
Julia Ros-Cuéllar ◽  
Juan José Von Thaden
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Hydrological Services

Summary Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been considered an important conservation mechanism to avoid deforestation. These environmental policies act in social and ecological contexts at different spatial scales. We evaluated the social-ecological fit between stakeholders and ecosystem processes in a local PES programme across three levels: social, ecological and social-ecological. We explored collaboration among stakeholders, assessed connectivity between forest units and evaluated conservation activity links between stakeholders and forest units. In addition, to increase programme effectiveness, we classified forest units based on their social and ecological importance. Our main findings suggest that non-governmental organizations occupy brokerage positions between landowners and government in a dense collaboration network. We also found a partial spatial misfit between conservation activity links and the forest units that provide the most hydrological services to Xalapa. We conclude that conservation efforts should be directed towards the middle and high part of the Pixquiac sub-watershed and that the role of non-governmental organizations as mediators should be strengthened to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the local PES programme.

scholarly journals Towards sustainable management of the stock and ecosystem services of urban trees. From theory to model and application

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pretzsch ◽  
A. Moser-Reischl ◽  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
S. Pauleit ◽  
T. Rötzer
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Urban Tree ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Sustainable Planning

Abstract Key message A model for sustainable planning of urban tree stocks is proposed, incorporating growth, mortality, replacement rates and ecosystem service provision, providing a basis for planning of urban tree stocks. Abstract Many recent studies have improved the knowledge about urban trees, their structures, functions, and ecosystem services. We introduce a concept and model for the sustainable management of urban trees, analogous to the concept of sustainable forestry developed by Carl von Carlowitz and others. The main drivers of the model are species-specific tree diameter growth functions and mortality rates. Based on the initial tree stock and options for the annual replanting, the shift of the distribution of the number of trees per age class can be predicted with progressing time. Structural characteristics such as biomass and leaf area are derived from tree dimensions that can be related to functions such as carbon sequestration or cooling. To demonstrate the potential of the dynamic model, we first show how different initial stocks of trees can be quantitatively assessed by sustainability indicators compared to a target stock. Second, we derive proxy variables for ecosystem services (e.g. biomass for carbon sequestration, leaf area for deposition and shading) from a given distribution of the number of trees per age class. Third, we show by scenario analyses how selected ecosystem services and functions may be improved by combining complementary tree species. We exercise one aspect (cooling) of one ecosystem service (temperature mitigation) as an example. The approach integrates mosaic pieces of knowledge about urban trees, their structures, functions, and resulting ecosystem services. The presented model makes this knowledge available for a sustainable management of urban tree stocks. We discuss the potential and relevance of the developed concept and model for ecologically and economically sustainable planning and management, in view of progressing urbanization and environmental changes.

Two new species of Oidiodendron from boreal forest soils

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. A. Morrall
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

Oidiodendron periconioides Morrall sp. nov. and O. chlamydosporicum Morrall sp. nov. are described from Canadian boreal forest soils. O. gracile Zhdanova is considered to be a nomen dubium.

Criticality, Empathy and Welfare in Educational Discourses

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Post War

Criticality is the ability to question current theories and practices in any sector to make them more receptive to social realities. Empathy is the ability to identify with what someone else is thinking or feeling. Empathy forms the foundation for welfare state and its liberal social welfare programmes. The state-led development strategies during the post-war period stemmed from a belief in the idea of welfare state and in the redistribution of resources and opportunities in favour of the deprived groups. The market-led globalisation process has put brakes on the scope of welfare provisions even in democratic societies. The public-funded stimulus packages during the recent economic crisis helped save economies from market failure and reinforced the need for state intervention even for an efficient functioning of markets. Based on an analysis of global trends and Indian context, this paper argues for the need of the educational processes to develop criticality in thinking and empathy in action to help develop a support base for public policies benefiting the poor and the disadvantaged.

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