Larval dispersal of Pocillopora damicornis at high latitude coral communities

In order to elucidate the patterns of dispersal in scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis near the northern limit of its latitudinal range, a total of 50 colonies (15-25 cm in diameter) of this coral were collected from Ooshima Island, Japan, and transplanted within one hour to the area of Satsuki, where they were not present before. Three concentric areas were established such as; the parental area (PA), intermediate area (IA) and outer area (OA). A total of 831 new corals were found in 1997 while 54.3% of these occurred in PA, 30.5% in IA and 15.1% in OA. In 1998, 52.3% of recruits settled in PA, 30.5% in IA and 17.2% in OA. A significant difference in the density of recruits was found among three areas, but recruit density was not significantly different between years and there was no interaction between area and year. There was no significant difference in the number of recruits among different directions, indicating no tendency for larvae to be concentrated in one particular direction. The present study suggests that the planulae of P. damicornis have limited dispersal distances at high-latitudes© Untuk menjelaskan pola penyebaran karang scleractinia Pocillopora damicornis yang berada di batas Utara penyebarannya, total 50 koloni (15-25 cm) dari karang ini dikumpulkan dari Pulau Ooshima, Jepang, dan di transplantasikan dalam waktu satu jam ke daerah Satsuki yang tidak ditemukan jenis ini. Tiga daerah ditetapkan yaitu, Daerah Induk (PA), Daerah Tengah (IA), dan Daerah Luar (OA). Sebanyak 831 karang baru ditemukan pada tahun 1997, sementara 54,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA dan 15,1% di OA. Pada tahun 1998, 52,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA, dan 17,2% di OA. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan untuk kepadatan antara ketiga daerah tersebut, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar tahun dan tidak ada interaksi antara daerah dan tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah pada arah yang berbeda sehingga hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada kecenderungan bagi larva untuk terkonsentrasi pada satu arah tertentu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa planula P.

Download Full-text

Genetic Analysis of Larval Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Connectivity

10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Larval Dispersal ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Larval Duration ◽

Marine Systems ◽

Marine Connectivity ◽

Two Generations ◽

Dispersal Distances ◽

Long Timescales ◽

The Relationship ◽

Planktonic Larval Duration

Does the dispersal of planktonic larvae promote strong connections between marine populations? Here we describe some of the most commonly used population- and individual-based genetic methods that have enhanced our understanding of larval dispersal and marine connectivity. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses. Choosing between them depends on whether researchers want to know about average effective rates of connectivity over long timescales (over hundreds to thousands of generations) or recent patterns of connectivity on shorter timescales (one to two generations). The use of both approaches has improved our understanding of larval dispersal distances, the relationship between realized dispersal (from genetics) and dispersal potential (from planktonic larval duration), and the crucial distinction between genetic and demographic connectivity. Although rarely used together, combining population- and individual-based inferences from genetic data will likely further enrich our understanding of the scope and scale of larval dispersal in marine systems.

Download Full-text

Probability of successful larval dispersal declines fivefold over 1 km in a coral reef fish

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2011.2041 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 279 (1735) ◽

pp. 1883-1888 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Peter M. Buston ◽

Geoffrey P. Jones ◽

Serge Planes ◽

Simon R. Thorrold

Keyword(s):

Larval Dispersal ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Dispersal Distance ◽

Population Connectivity ◽

Marine Ecology ◽

Sea Anemones ◽

Marine Population ◽

Amphiprion Percula ◽

Distance Distributions ◽

Dispersal Distances

A central question of marine ecology is, how far do larvae disperse? Coupled biophysical models predict that the probability of successful dispersal declines as a function of distance between populations. Estimates of genetic isolation-by-distance and self-recruitment provide indirect support for this prediction. Here, we conduct the first direct test of this prediction, using data from the well-studied system of clown anemonefish ( Amphiprion percula ) at Kimbe Island, in Papua New Guinea. Amphiprion percula live in small breeding groups that inhabit sea anemones. These groups can be thought of as populations within a metapopulation. We use the x- and y -coordinates of each anemone to determine the expected distribution of dispersal distances (the distribution of distances between each and every population in the metapopulation). We use parentage analyses to trace recruits back to parents and determine the observed distribution of dispersal distances. Then, we employ a logistic model to (i) compare the observed and expected dispersal distance distributions and (ii) determine the relationship between the probability of successful dispersal and the distance between populations. The observed and expected dispersal distance distributions are significantly different ( p < 0.0001). Remarkably, the probability of successful dispersal between populations decreases fivefold over 1 km. This study provides a framework for quantitative investigations of larval dispersal that can be applied to other species. Further, the approach facilitates testing biological and physical hypotheses for the factors influencing larval dispersal in unison, which will advance our understanding of marine population connectivity.

Download Full-text

Isolation and characterization of stress-responsive genes from the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis

Coral Reefs ◽

10.1007/s00338-004-0410-1 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazumasa Hashimoto ◽

Takuro Shibuno ◽

Eiko Murayama-Kayano ◽

Hiroshi Tanaka ◽

Toshiaki Kayano

Keyword(s):

Scleractinian Coral ◽

Pocillopora Damicornis ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Stress Responsive Genes

Download Full-text

Oceanographic features and limited dispersal shape the population genetic structure of the vase sponge Ircinia campana in the Greater Caribbean

Heredity ◽

10.1038/s41437-020-0344-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 63-76

Author(s):

Sarah M. Griffiths ◽

Mark J. Butler ◽

Donald C. Behringer ◽

Thierry Pérez ◽

Richard F. Preziosi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic Structure ◽

Larval Dispersal ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Florida Keys ◽

The United States ◽

Limited Dispersal ◽

Mass Mortalities

AbstractUnderstanding population genetic structure can help us to infer dispersal patterns, predict population resilience and design effective management strategies. For sessile species with limited dispersal, this is especially pertinent because genetic diversity and connectivity are key aspects of their resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we describe the population structure of Ircinia campana, a common Caribbean sponge subject to mass mortalities and disease. Microsatellites were used to genotype 440 individuals from 19 sites throughout the Greater Caribbean. We found strong genetic structure across the region, and significant isolation by distance across the Lesser Antilles, highlighting the influence of limited larval dispersal. We also observed spatial genetic structure patterns congruent with oceanography. This includes evidence of connectivity between sponges in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of the United States (>700 km away) where the oceanographic environment is dominated by the strong Florida Current. Conversely, the population in southern Belize was strongly differentiated from all other sites, consistent with the presence of dispersal-limiting oceanographic features, including the Gulf of Honduras gyre. At smaller spatial scales (<100 km), sites showed heterogeneous patterns of low-level but significant genetic differentiation (chaotic genetic patchiness), indicative of temporal variability in recruitment or local selective pressures. Genetic diversity was similar across sites, but there was evidence of a genetic bottleneck at one site in Florida where past mass mortalities have occurred. These findings underscore the relationship between regional oceanography and weak larval dispersal in explaining population genetic patterns, and could inform conservation management of the species.

Download Full-text

Dispersal of Silver Gulls, Larus novaehollandiae Stephens, from Breeding Colonies in South Australia

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9850279 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 279 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JR Ottaway ◽

R Carrick ◽

MD Murray

Keyword(s):

South Australia ◽

High Status ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

North West ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rubbish Dumps ◽

The Difference ◽

Dispersal Distances ◽

Almost All ◽

The City

Dispersal of Larus novaehollandiae Stephens, from 10 colonies in South Australia, was studied during 1968-8 1 by means of bands designed for identification of free-living, uncaptured individuals. Dispersal patterns were characteristic of each colony, even for three colonies which were, at most, 10 km apart. Almost all dispersal records came from the area between Adelaide and Melbourne, and within 30 km of the coast. After breeding, the majority of gulls disperse eastwards; however, dispersal from each colony was correlated with a shift of gull population into areas where food was available from human sources such as rubbish dumps. From colonies 80 km south-east of Adelaide, a major human population, the predominant winter dispersal of these gulls was north-west, into the city and suburbs. The maximum direct-line dispersal distances recorded for 95% of the 3133 resighted gulls were <458 km. The greatest direct-line distance recorded was 1430 km. Overall, there was no significant difference in the mean dispersal distances of juveniles and adults, although at distances >480 km significantly more juveniles (<2y) were seen than adults (>2y). This involved only 2.5% of the total number of birds resighted. It is suggested that older, dominant birds maintain high status at preferred feeding places, and juveniles are possibly more erratic in their movements, as they search for food. This would account for the difference in the dispersal ofjuveniles and adults from a particular colony, and also for the significantly higher proportion of juveniles found at extreme distances from their natal colonies.

Download Full-text

Stock structure and connectivity of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence: Do benthic movements matter?

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2017-0346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 2096-2108 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bryan L. Morse ◽

Brady K. Quinn ◽

Michel Comeau ◽

Rémy Rochette

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Larval Dispersal ◽

Location Management ◽

Homarus Americanus ◽

American Lobster ◽

Stock Structure ◽

Pelagic Larvae ◽

Upstream Direction ◽

Dispersal Distances

The long-range dispersal of pelagic larvae is often assumed to be the dominant force behind connectivity in the marine environment, with little consideration given to benthic movements. We analyzed data from an American lobster (Homarus americanus) tagging study (1980–1996) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during which 37 579 adults from 14 locations were tagged and 6296 were recaptured after 1–6 years at large. The 10th percentile greatest distance moved by tagged lobsters after 1 year at large contributed to demographic connectivity between neighbouring statistical districts, fishing ports, and (in one location) management areas. Considering the incremental dispersal of lobsters after 2 versus 1 year at large, we estimated that the 10th percentile greatest benthic dispersal distances after 1, 2, and 5 years at large represented, respectively, 7%, 14%, and 35% of larval dispersal in the “downstream” direction and 75%, 111%, and 220% of larval dispersal in the “upstream” direction (similar results obtained based on mean dispersal values). We conclude that more attention should be given to benthic movements in estimating connectivity and stock structure in American lobster.

Download Full-text

Modeling no-take marine reserves in regulated fisheries: assessing the role of larval dispersal

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f08-150 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 2509-2523 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carey R. McGilliard ◽

Ray Hilborn

Keyword(s):

Larval Dispersal ◽

Marine Reserves ◽

Dispersal Distance ◽

Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Long Distance ◽

Total Allowable Catch ◽

Dispersal Distances ◽

The Impact

We explored the effects of larval dispersal distance on the impact of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) implemented in fisheries with catch regulations. NTMRs exist in many fisheries with harvest regulated by annual catch limits. In these fisheries, catch is taken from outside NTMRs, potentially resulting in reduced abundance outside NTMRs and an overall reduction in catch. We used a spatial model with two life stages (larvae and adults) to evaluate the effects of larval dispersal distance for fisheries managed by a total allowable catch (TAC) and an NTMR. We examined effects of the timing of density-dependent mortality in relation to larval movement. Abundance reached similar values for populations with long and short larval dispersal distances. Catch declined substantially for stocks with short larval dispersal distances. When larval dispersal distances were long, catch declined to values below maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but stabilized. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) declined to 9% of CPUE at MSY for stocks with short distance larval dispersal after the implementation of an NTMR; with long distance larval dispersal, CPUE declined to approximately 50% or less of the CPUE at MSY. The CPUE did not reflect trends in abundance after the implementation of an NTMR.

Download Full-text