It’s time to sharpen our definition of sustainable fisheries management

We review and evaluate the sustainability paradigm as it applies to wild capture fisheries in the context of a recently developed harvest strategy framework that, if implemented, will meet Canada’s national and international obligations with regard to sustainable fisheries. This framework is based on an operationally explicit definition of sustainability that includes a commitment to managing for maximum sustainable yield. Although Canadian policy strongly supports sustainable fisheries management in principle, usage of the term has been vague and implementation of sustainable fisheries management strategies has lagged. Fisheries managed under the recently developed framework would be better able to meet new ecocertification and ecolabelling standards. An emerging governance structure discussed herein with respect to fisheries management is conducive to implementing sustainable management practices that meet long-term public good objectives.

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Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Ramón Bienes ◽

Maria Jose Marques ◽

Blanca Sastre ◽

Andrés García-Díaz ◽

Iris Esparza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Field Trials ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Wilting Point

Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

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An Alternative Perspective on Recruitment Overfishing and Biological Reference Points

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f87-110 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 913-918 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

M. P. Sissenwine ◽

J. G. Shepherd

Keyword(s):

Fisheries Management ◽

Reference Point ◽

Reference Points ◽

Fishing Mortality ◽

Alternative Perspective ◽

Conventional Models ◽

Definition Of ◽

Yield Per Recruit ◽

Spawning Biomass

Biological reference points are used to guide fisheries management decisions. The reference points most often used are expressed in terms of fishing mortality rate (F). Fmsy relates to the maximization of sustainable yield. In principle, it is a most useful reference point, but in practice it is difficult to estimate. Fmax and F0.1 relate to certain levels of yield per recruit and are easily estimated, but they ignore conservation of the resource. Recruitment overfishing has usually been understood to occur when a population has been fished down to a point where recruitment is substantially reduced or fails. It has not been used as a basis for a biological reference point because the definition is vague and cannot be readily related to fishing mortality. Levels of spawning biomass below which recruitment seems to be reduced have been used, but their determination from available data is usually difficult and controversial. We propose an alternative definition of recruitment overfishing in terms of the level of fishing pressure that reduces the spawning biomass of a year class over its lifetime below the spawning biomass of its parents on average. Conventional models and types of data can be used to determine this level of F, denoted as Frep, which clearly relates to the replacement of spawning biomass and thus to sustainability of a population and yield in the long term.

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Evaluating deepwater fisheries management strategies using a mixed-fisheries and spatially explicit modelling framework

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fst073 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 768-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Paul Marchal ◽

Youen Vermard

Keyword(s):

Fisheries Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Spatially Explicit ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Modelling Framework ◽

Control Rules ◽

Bioeconomic Modelling ◽

Stock Assessments ◽

Fleet Dynamics

Abstract Marchal, P., and Vermard, Y. 2013. Evaluating deepwater fisheries management strategies using a mixed-fisheries and spatially explicit modelling framework. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 768–781. We have used in this study a spatially explicit bioeconomic modelling framework to evaluate management strategies, building in both data-rich and data-limited harvest control rules (HCRs), for a mix of deepwater fleets and species, on which information is variable. The main focus was on blue ling (Molva dypterygia). For that species, both data-rich and data-limited HCRs were tested, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used either to tune stock assessments, or to directly trigger management action. There were only limited differences between the performances of both HCRs when blue ling biomass was initialized at the current level, but blue ling recovered more quickly with the data-rich HCR when its initial biomass was severely depleted. Both types of HCR lead, on average, to a long-term recovery of both blue ling and saithe (Pollachius virens) stocks, and some increase in overall profit. However, that improvement is not sufficient to guarantee sustainable exploitation with a high probability. Blue ling CPUE did not always adequately reflect trends in biomass, which mainly resulted from fleet dynamics, possibly in combination with density-dependence. The stock dynamics of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris), black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) and deepwater sharks (Centrophorus squamosus and Centroscymnus coelolepis) were little affected by the type of HCR chosen to manage blue ling.

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A Collaborative Cybersecurity Education Program

10.4018/978-1-6684-3554-0.ch020 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 414-433

Author(s):

Teemu J. Tokola ◽

Thomas Schaberreiter ◽

Gerald Quirchmayr ◽

Ludwig Englbrecht ◽

Günther Pernul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Education Program ◽

Governance Structure ◽

Strategic Partnership ◽

Tool Support ◽

European Collaboration ◽

Definition Of ◽

Content Reuse ◽

Teaching In Higher Education

This chapter presents an implementation of a cybersecurity education program. The program aims to address some issues identified in current cybersecurity teaching in higher education on a European level, like the fragmentation of cybersecurity expertise or resource shortage, resulting in few higher education institutions to offer full degree programs. As a result of the Erasmus+ strategic partnership project SecTech, the program tries to overcome those issues by introducing collaborative development to cybersecurity education. SecTech lays the foundations for a collaborative education program, like the definition of a clear content, module and delivery structure, and the appropriate tool support to facilitate collaboration and content reuse. Additional effort is required to achieve long-term success, including the creation of a community that drives the content creation and maintenance, as well as an independent governance structure to steer the project in the long-term. While the project focuses on European collaboration, a global community is envisioned.

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Ecosystem-based reference points under varying plankton productivity states and fisheries management strategies

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsz120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 2045-2059 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chuanbo Guo ◽

Caihong Fu ◽

Robyn E Forrest ◽

Norm Olsen ◽

Huizhu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fisheries Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Reference Points ◽

Productivity Change ◽

Pacific Herring ◽

Fishing Mortality ◽

Pacific Cod ◽

Sustainable Fisheries ◽

Ecosystem Effects ◽

Plankton Biomass

Abstract In the context of ecosystem-based fisheries management, which should consider changing and uncertain environmental conditions, the development of ecosystem-based biological reference points (EBRPs) to account for important multi-species (MS) interactions, fishery operations, and climate change, is of paramount importance for sustainable fisheries management. However, EBRPs under varying plankton productivity states and fisheries management strategies are seldom developed, and the ecosystem effects of these changes are still largely unknown. In this study, ecosystem-based FMSY (fishing mortality rate at MSY) values were estimated within an end-to-end ecosystem model (OSMOSE) for three focused fish species (Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasii; Pacific Cod, Gadus macrocephalus; Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus) under three plankton productivity states of differing plankton biomass at high, current, and low levels. In addition, ecosystem effects were compared across different plankton productivity and fisheries management strategies with the latter consisting of two fishery scenarios (i.e. single-species-focused (SS) and MS-focused), various fishing mortality rates, and two harvest policies (with and without harvest control rules, HCRs). Main findings of this study include: (i) plankton productivity change affected the values of ecosystem-based FMSY, which increased as plankton productivity states changed from low to high plankton biomass; (ii) ecosystem-based FMSY for Pacific Herring and Pacific Cod stocks increased when fishery scenarios shifted from SS-focused to MS-focused; (iii) fisheries management incorporating HCR yielded more stable system catch and system biomass; and (iv) high plankton biomass combined with fisheries management using HCR could maintain stable ecosystem production and sustainable fisheries. Based on our findings, we highlight possible adaptive fisheries management strategies in the face of future climate and ocean changes. Overall, EBRPs complement SS stock assessments by incorporating key ecological processes and ecosystem properties, thus providing supporting evidence for better incorporation of ecosystem considerations into scientific advice for sustainable fisheries management.

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Impacts of historical warming on marine fisheries production

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aau1758 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 363 (6430) ◽

pp. 979-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Christopher M. Free ◽

James T. Thorson ◽

Malin L. Pinsky ◽

Kiva L. Oken ◽

John Wiedenmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Fisheries Management ◽

Food Production ◽

Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽

Marine Fishes ◽

Sustainable Yield ◽

Food Provisioning ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Potential Food

Climate change is altering habitats for marine fishes and invertebrates, but the net effect of these changes on potential food production is unknown. We used temperature-dependent population models to measure the influence of warming on the productivity of 235 populations of 124 species in 38 ecoregions. Some populations responded significantly positively (n = 9 populations) and others responded significantly negatively (n = 19 populations) to warming, with the direction and magnitude of the response explained by ecoregion, taxonomy, life history, and exploitation history. Hindcasts indicate that the maximum sustainable yield of the evaluated populations decreased by 4.1% from 1930 to 2010, with five ecoregions experiencing losses of 15 to 35%. Outcomes of fisheries management—including long-term food provisioning—will be improved by accounting for changing productivity in a warmer ocean.

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A Collaborative Cybersecurity Education Program

Cybersecurity Education for Awareness and Compliance - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7847-5.ch010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 181-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teemu J. Tokola ◽

Thomas Schaberreiter ◽

Gerald Quirchmayr ◽

Ludwig Englbrecht ◽

Günther Pernul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Education Program ◽

Governance Structure ◽

Strategic Partnership ◽

Tool Support ◽

European Collaboration ◽

Definition Of ◽

Content Reuse ◽

Teaching In Higher Education

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Livestock grazing management and biodiversity conservation in Australian temperate grassy landscapes

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03024 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 279 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

J. Dorrough ◽

A. Yen ◽

V. Turner ◽

S. G. Clark ◽

J. Crosthwaite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Management Practices ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Management Practice ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Grazing Strategies

There is an increasing interest in the development of livestock grazing management strategies that achieve environmental sustainability and maintain or improve the long-term production capacity of commercial grazing systems. In temperate Australia, these strategies are generally focussed on reducing perennial pasture decline, soil loss, acidity, and salinity. An additional challenge facing land managers and researchers is developing grazing strategies that also maintain and enhance local and regional biodiversity. However, few studies have assessed the compatibility of management practices for maintaining long-term productivity and biodiversity conservation. We still have only a very basic understanding of the effects of different grazing strategies and pasture management on biodiversity and this is a major impediment to the development of appropriate and compatible best management practice. We argue that although there is an increasing desire to find management strategies that protect and enhance biodiversity without hindering long-term agricultural production, in many cases this may not be possible. Current knowledge suggests that compatibility is most likely to be achieved using low-input systems in low productivity (fragile) landscapes, whereas in highly productive (robust) landscapes there is less opportunity for integration of productive land-use and biodiversity conservation. There is an urgent need for improved communication and collaboration between agronomic and ecological researchers and research agencies to ensure that future programs consider sustainability in terms of biodiversity as well as pasture and livestock productivity and soil and water health.

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Assessment of Soil Quality under Different Soil Management Strategies: Combined Use of Statistical Approaches to Select the Most Informative Soil Physico-Chemical Indicators

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5099

Author(s):

Anna Maria Stellacci ◽

Mirko Castellini ◽

Mariangela Diacono ◽

Roberta Rossi ◽

Concetta Eliana Gattullo

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Management Practices ◽

Selection Process ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽

No Tillage ◽

Combined Use ◽

Statistical Approaches

Assessment of soil quality under different management practices is crucial for sustainable agricultural production and natural resource use. In this study, different statistical methods (principal component analysis, PCA; stepwise discriminant analysis, SDA; partial least squares regression with VIP statistics, PLSR) were applied to identify the variables that most discriminated soil status under minimum tillage and no-tillage. Data collected in 2015 from a long-term field experiment on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were used and twenty soil indicators (chemical, physical and biological) were quantified for the upper soil layer (0–0.20 m). The long-term iteration of different management strategies affected soil quality, showing greater bulk density, relative field capacity (RFC), organic and extractable carbon contents (TOC and TEC) and exchangeable potassium under no-tillage. PCA and SDA confirmed these results and underlined also the role of available phosphorous and organic carbon fractions as variables that most discriminated the treatments investigated. PLSR, including information on plant response (grain yield and protein content), selected, as the most important variables, plant nutrients, soil physical quality indicators, pH and exchangeable cations. The research showed the effectiveness of combining variable selection methods to summarize information deriving from multivariate datasets and improving the understanding of the system investigated. The statistical approaches compared provided different results in terms of variables selected and the ranking of the selected variables. The combined use of the three methods allowed the selection of a smaller number of variables (TOC, TEC, Olsen P, water extractable nitrogen, RFC, macroporosity, air capacity), which were able to provide a clear discrimination between the treatments compared, as shown by the PCA carried out on the reduced dataset. The presence of a response variable in PLSR considerably drove the feature selection process.

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The Effective Technology- and Resource-Management Strategy of Established Japanese Company: A Case Study of Toraya, a Traditional Japanese Confectioner

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics ◽

10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0436 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kana Sugimoto ◽

◽

Takao Someya ◽

Shin’ya Nagasawa

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Technological Development ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Value Added ◽

Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽

Consumer Experience ◽

Effective Technology ◽

Organization Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the effectiveness of the management strategies of the traditional Japanese confectioner Toraya. Rapid technological development and the demands of knowledgeable customers have made growth more difficult for manufacturers. We assume that the practices of longestablished manufacturers are best for others to follow. Toraya has been a high-value-added confectioner for almost 500 years. The reasons for its sustained competitiveness are described in this paper. We use the 3Cs analysis to clarify the business circumstances of the Japanese confection industry, the 4Ps analysis to explore Toraya’s structure, the strategic experimental module analysis to show the reliable value that Toraya offers its customers, and the Value, Rarity, Inimitability, and Organization analysis to explain its long-term success. The results reveal that Toraya has employed a low-technology strategy utilizing artisanal skill instead of machines and provides an excellent consumer experience that attracts customers. This is a sustainable competitive advantage because it takes years to establish and is not easily imitated. However, Toraya’s simple and effective management practices could be adopted as industry best practices.

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