scholarly journals Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ramón Bienes ◽  
Maria Jose Marques ◽  
Blanca Sastre ◽  
Andrés García-Díaz ◽  
Iris Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wilting Point

Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

Tillage and cropping effects on soil organic carbon: biodegradation and storage in density and size fractions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Plough Layer

<p>Improvements in management practices can prevent the decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage caused by conventional tillage practice in Northeast China. Density and size fractionation can track the transformation of plant residue into SOC and its location in soil matrix. We used a long-term field study in China to evaluate these changes as a result of improved management involving tillage and cropping systems. Experimental treatments included no-till (NT) and moldboard ploughing (MP) under monoculture maize (Zea mays L.) (MM) and maize-soybean (Glycine max Merr.) rotation (MS); these were compared to the traditional management involving conventional tillage (CT) under MM. An incubation study was conducted to evaluate mineralization and the biodegradability of SOC. The soils were also physically fractionated by density (light fraction, LF) and size (sand, silt, clay). With improved management, the SOC storage in the clay showed the largest increase across all fractions. This increase was greater for MS than MM. The NTMS treatment resulted in a decline in silt-OC storage compared to CTMM. The SOC mineralization (mg CO<sub>2</sub>-C g<sup>-1</sup> soil) was affected by tillage and driven by LF-OC and was observed in the order: NTMM (2.06) > MPMM (1.72) ≈ NTMS (1.71) > CTMM (1.52) ≈ MPMS (1.41). Both cropping and depth affected the biodegradability of SOC. Considering the plough layer (0-20 cm), treatments under MM had larger proportion of biodegradable SOC than under MS. We conclude that the significant differences in SOC storage in physical fractions and SOC biodegradation were caused by differences in soil management.</p>

scholarly journals Impacts of Cropping Systems and Long-Term Tillage on Soil Microbial Population Levels and Community Composition in Dryland Agricultural Setting

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. Ng ◽  
Emily B. Hollister ◽  
Ma. del Carmen A. González-Chávez ◽  
Frank M. Hons ◽  
David A. Zuberer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Few studies have used molecular methods to correlate the abundance of specific microbial taxonomic groups with changes in soil properties impacted by long-term agriculture. Community qPCR with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effects of long-term crop-management practices (no-till vs. conventional tillage, and continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) vs. sorghum-wheat-soybean rotation (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench-Triticum aestivum L.-Glycine max L. Merr) on bacterial and fungal relative abundances and identify the dominant members of the soil microbial community. The qPCR assays revealed that crop rotation decreased bacterial copy numbers, but no-till practices did not significantly alter bacteria or fungi relative to conventional tillage. Cyanobacteria were more abundant while Actinobacteria were less numerous under continuous wheat. Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N. This study highlights ways cropping systems affect microbial communities and aids the development of sustainable agriculture.

Soil organic carbon fractions under conventional and no-till management in a long-term study in southern Spain

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carbonell-Bojollo ◽  
E. J. González-Sánchez ◽  
M. Repullo Ruibérriz de Torres ◽  
R. Ordóñez-Fernández ◽  
J. Domínguez-Gimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
No Till ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions

In dryland farming systems under a Mediterranean climate, soil quality and productivity can be enhanced by increasing the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) through alternative soil management systems. Some fractions of C are directly involved in increasing total SOC and therefore in enhancing any benefits in terms of soil properties. This study compares the viability of no-till farming (NT) with conventional (traditional) tillage (TT) for improving SOC levels. The influence of management practices was investigated for different fractions of C (particulate OC, active OC, humic acids, fulvic acids) and CO2 emissions in clayey soils in the south of Spain. The experiment was conducted over three farming seasons (2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09) covering a crop rotation of peas (Pisum sativum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). The NT system improved the levels of the different fractions of C in the surface soil and reduced the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere compared with the TT system. Generally, the relationship between CO2 and SOC content was greater in soils under NT for the farming seasons sampled.

Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Soil pH, in a Long-Term Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagmandeep Dhillon ◽  
Mariana Ramos Del Corso ◽  
Bruno Figueiredo ◽  
Eva Nambi ◽  
William Raun
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

scholarly journals Effects of Management and Hillside Position on Soil Organic Carbon Stratification in Mediterranean Centenary Olive Grove

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jesús Aguilera-Huertas ◽  
Beatriz Lozano-García ◽  
Manuel González-Rosado ◽  
Luis Parras-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degradation Degree

The short- and medium—long-term effects of management and hillside position on soil organic carbon (SOC) changes were studied in a centenary Mediterranean rainfed olive grove. One way to measure these changes is to analyze the soil quality, as it assesses soil degradation degree and attempts to identify management practices for sustainable soil use. In this context, the SOC stratification index (SR-COS) is one of the best indicators of soil quality to assess the degradation degree from SOC content without analyzing other soil properties. The SR-SOC was calculated in soil profiles (horizon-by-horizon) to identify the best soil management practices for sustainable use. The following time periods and soil management combinations were tested: (i) in the medium‒long-term (17 years) from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), (ii) in the short-term (2 years) from CT to no-tillage with cover crops (NT-CC), and (iii) the effect in the short-term (from CT to NT-CC) of different topographic positions along a hillside. The results indicate that the SR-SOC increased with depth for all management practices. The SR-SOC ranged from 1.21 to 1.73 in CT0, from 1.48 to 3.01 in CT1, from 1.15 to 2.48 in CT2, from 1.22 to 2.39 in NT-CC and from 0.98 to 4.16 in NT; therefore, the soil quality from the SR-SOC index was not directly linked to the increase or loss of SOC along the soil profile. This demonstrates the time-variability of SR-SOC and that NT improves soil quality in the long-term.

scholarly journals Total Organic Carbon Assessment in Soils Cultivated with Agave tequilana Weber in Jalisco, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Celia De La Mora-Orozco ◽  
José G. Flores-Garnica ◽  
Lucia M. Vega-Ramírez ◽  
Irma J. González-Acuña ◽  
Juan Nápoles-Armenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agriculture Management

The Agave tequilana Weber is an important commercial crop in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. However, the agave cultivation generates significant soil loss. For that reason, knowledge about the implementation of the agriculture management practices, such as manure application and the combination of inorganic fertilizers and manure, are relevant. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of agricultural management practices on the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil in three study locations: Arandas, Tepatitlán, and Acatic in the Altos Sur region of Jalisco. A random sampling was carried out in each study location, 12 samples were obtained for each location at 0–30 cm deep, and a total of 36 samples were analyzed. The evaluated parameters were the potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), soil-water saturation (SWS), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC). Basic statistics and correlations between parameters were generated. In addition, to estimate TOC from a multivariate analysis, models were developed based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) and of the classification and regression trees (CART). ANOVA and Tukey test were determined. Results demonstrated a significant difference in the TOC percentages between the study locations. The Tukey test showed that there is no difference in TOC content between the Tepatitlán and Arandas sites, but there is a difference between these two sites and the Acatic. The latter resulted with the lowest values of TOC. Long-term studies are recommended to develop crop management strategies.

scholarly journals Long-Term Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seasonal Irrigation Amount, Evapotranspiration, Yield, and Water Productivity under Semiarid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Michael O’Neill ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Daniel Smeal ◽  
Margaret West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Semiarid Climate ◽  
Seasonal Irrigation

Influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon: A compendium and assessment of Canadian studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VandenBygaart ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Long Term Studies

To fulfill commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, Canada is required to provide verifiable estimates and uncertainties for soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, and for changes in those stocks over time. Estimates and uncertainties for agricultural soils can be derived from long-term studies that have measured differences in SOC between different management practices. We compiled published data from long-term studies in Canada to assess the effect of agricultural management on SOC. A total of 62 studies were compiled, in which the difference in SOC was determined for conversion from native land to cropland, and for different tillage, crop rotation and fertilizer management practices. There was a loss of 24 ± 6% of the SOC after native land was converted to agricultural land. No-till (NT) increased the storage of SOC in western Canada by 2.9 ± 1.3 Mg ha-1; however, in eastern Canada conversion to NT did not increase SOC. In general, the potential to store SOC when NT was adopted decreased with increasing background levels of SOC. Using no-tillage, reducing summer fallow, including hay in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), plowing green manures into the soil, and applying N and organic fertilizers were the practices that tended to show the most consistent in creases in SOC storage. By relating treatment SOC levels to those in the control treatments, SOC stock change factors and their levels of uncertainty were derived for use in empirical models, such as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Guidelines model for C stock changes. However, we must be careful when attempting to extrapolate research plot data to farmers’ fields since the history of soil and crop management has a significant influence on existing and future SOC stocks. Key words: C sequestration, tillage, crop rotations, fertilizer, cropping intensity, Canada

scholarly journals Peningkatan Nutrisi Tanaman Serealia Menggunakan Actinobacteria Endofit

Agrikultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Enhancement ◽  
Pot Trial

ABSTRACTNutrient Enhancement In Cereal Crops Using Actinobacterial EndophytesWheat high demand without sufficient production and Actinobacterial endophytes usage limitation inIndonesia motivated this research. The aim was to determine Actinobacterial endophytes effect on nutrientenhancement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was hypothesized that they can enhance wheat nutrient.The experiment stages were: 1) Pot-Trial I, confirming nutrient enhancement using Actinobacteria in 6 soiltypes; 2) Pot-Trial II, screening Actinobacteria strains; and 3) Field-Trial. The results showed thatActinobacteria effects varied for different nutrients and site based differences. In Pot-Trial I, different soiltypes significantly affected the manganese and zinc content (P=0.00 and P=0.01), but not inoculation ofActinobacteria nor the combination of them. Field Trials showed the same trends. Combination betweenthose treatments significantly affected manganese content (P=0.045). Nutrient analysis on xylem sap in PotTrials 2 only showed the value differences since there was insufficient collected volume to be statisticallyanalyzed. Zinc and iron contents were the highest in Actinobacteria EUM165 treatment and the highestmanganese content in Actinobacteria EN16. In conclusion, wheat nutrient content is affected byActinobacteria and different soil types but there was insufficient evidence to generally conclude that it canbe enhanced. They have their own effects and affected each other in enhancing nutrient content.Keywords: Nutreint, wheat, endophytic ActinobacteriaABSTRAKTingginya permintaan gandum tidak disertai produksi yang cukup, serta terbatasnya pemanfaatanActinobacteria endofit di Indonesia, melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Tujuannya untuk mengetahuipengaruh penambahan Actinobacteria endofit terhadap nutrisi gandum (Triticum aestivum L.). Diduga,penambahan Actinobacteria endofit dapat meningkatkan kandungan nutrisinya. Tahapan penelitianmeliputi: 1) Uji-Pot I, mengonfirmasi peningkatan nutrisi gandum menggunakan Actinobacteria pada 6 jenistanah; 2) Uji-Pot II, menguji berbagai strain Actinobacteria terhadap peningkatan nutrisi gandum; serta 3)Uji Lapangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Actinobacteria meningkatkan nutrisi gandum secara berbedatergantung nutrisi yang diuji serta jenis tanah yang digunakan. Pada Uji-Pot I, jenis tanah berpengaruhnyata terhadap kandungan mangan dan seng (P=0.00 dan P=0.01), tapi pemberian Actinobacteria maupunkombinasi keduanya tidak. Uji Lapangan menunjukkan hasil yang sama. Kombinasi kedua perlakuanmeningkatkan kandungan mangan secara signifikan (P=0.045). Analisis cairan xilem dari Uji-Pot IImenunjukkan perbedaan hasil tanpa uji statistik karena terbatasnya cairan yang dikumpulkan. Kandungantertinggi seng dan zat besi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan Actinobacteria EUM165 dan mangan yang lebihtinggi oleh Actinobacteria EN16. Disimpulkan bahwa kandungan nutrisi tanaman gandum dapatdipengaruhi oleh pemberian Actinobacteria endofit serta perbedaan jenis tanah, namun tidak cukup buktiuntuk menyimpulkannya secara umum. Baik jenis tanah maupun Actinobacteria endofit memiliki pengaruhsendiri serta saling mempengaruhi terhadap kandungan nutrisi tanaman gandum.Kata kunci: Nutrisi, gandum, actinobacteria endofit

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