Developmental Rate and Vertebral Number in Salmonids

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1537-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Numerical Determination ◽  
Vertebral Number ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Developmental Conditions

Eggs of the brook trout and the rainbow trout were incubated at various constant levels of temperature and dissolved oxygen to test the hypothesis that vertebral number in fish is controlled, within limits, by the developmental rate. The mean vertebral number in both species decreased with increased rate of development which was caused by higher temperature and conversely the mean vertebral number in both species increased with decreased rate of development. The number of vertebrae is shown to be inversely related to the rate of development, expressed as the reciprocal of the number of days in the period of numerical determination of vertebrae in each species. The slopes of the regressions are −0.45 and −1.15 for brook trout and rainbow trout, respectively, and are perhaps, characteristic of the species. Variations in the usual type of trend of vertebral number with different developmental conditions, as reported by some investigators, are discussed and a possible explanation for some of these variations is proposed.

Inferential statistics of electron backscatter diffraction data from within individual crystalline grains

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Bachmann ◽  
Ralf Hielscher ◽  
Peter E. Jupp ◽  
Wolfgang Pantleon ◽  
Helmut Schaeben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Numerical Determination ◽  
Spatial Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

Highly concentrated distributed crystallographic orientation measurements within individual crystalline grains are analysed by means of ordinary statistics neglecting their spatial reference. Since crystallographic orientations are modelled as left cosets of a given subgroup of SO(3), the non-spatial statistical analysis adapts ideas borrowed from the Bingham quaternion distribution on {\bb S}^3. Special emphasis is put on the mathematical definition and the numerical determination of a `mean orientation' characterizing the crystallographic grain as well as on distinguishing several types of symmetry of the orientation distribution with respect to the mean orientation, like spherical, prolate or oblate symmetry. Applications to simulated as well as to experimental data are presented. All computations have been done with the free and open-source texture toolboxMTEX.

Recovery of Planted Brook Trout, Splake, and Rainbow Trout from Selected Ontario Lakes

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Brook Stickleback

Recoveries of hatchery-reared brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), splake (Salvelinus namaycush × S. fontinalis), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), planted in lakes having different resident fishes, were highest (9–30%) in a lake in which minnows and the brook stickleback were the only other fishes. Recoveries, by angling and gillnetting, were considerably lower (2–15%) in two lakes containing the white sucker and minnows, and still lower (0.5–5%,) in two lakes containing spiny-rayed species as well. Recoveries were lowest (< 0.5%) in a lake having a complex fish community that included native brook and lake trout. Planted splake and rainbow trout generally yielded higher returns, in weight, than brook trout in comparable situations.The low survival of planted fish was apparently due to the low fertility of the waters and to competition with, or predation by, resident fish species. Predation by fish-eating birds and mammals may also have had an effect.The weight of the catch of salmonids exceeded the weight planted in only one lake. Here, the mean yield of planted salmonids was 8.4 kg/ha per year in comparison with 2.6 to < 0.5 kg/ha per year in the five other study lakes.

Effects of Methamphetamine on the Development and Its Determination in Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Changquan Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Lipin Ren ◽  
Jiang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Pmi Estimation

Abstract Age determination of necrophagous flies serves as an important tool for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation in forensic investigations. Drugs or toxins in cadavers may alter the developmental time of larvae, and lead to deviation in PMI estimation. Methamphetamine (MA), as one of the most abused psychostimulant drugs in Asia and North America, is often involved in forensic entomotoxicological cases. This study investigated the effects of MA (0, 45, 90, and 180 ng/mg) on the developmental rate, morphology, and survival of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich, 1930). The results showed that 1) the developmental time to reach the pupal instar was statistically slower for the larvae reared on rabbit mince containing MA than for the control; 2) the mean length of the larvae exposed to MA concentrations was longer than those of the control; 3) the mean weight of the pupae exposed to the highest concentration of MA was significantly lighter than those of the control; 4) the GC–MS method can detect the content of MA in A. grahami immatures and empty puparia (EP).

scholarly journals Studies of Ammonia in the Rainbow Trout:Physico-chemical Parameters, Acid-Base Behaviour and Respiratory Clearance

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES N. CAMERON ◽  
NORBERT HEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diffusive Movement

Ammonia (NH3) is only slightly more soluble (+3.4%) in the plasma of rainbow trout than in water, and its pK' is only 0.14 units higher than in fresh water at 15 °C. Determination of these physico-chemical parameters together with measurements of blood and water pH and total ammonia concentrations allowed calculation of the mean resting partial pressure gradient across the gills (54 × 10−6Torr) and estimation of the gill permeability coefficient (D = 1.3 × 10−5cm−1). Under normal resting conditions of low external NH3 and pH, diffusive movement of NH3 appears to account adequately for ammonia excretion in the rainbow trout; 90 ± 10% of the excreted ammonia appears to originate from the blood, rather than from de novo synthesis of ammonia in the gills. During the high external ammonia treatments, the fish reached a steady state with a net inward ammonia gradient, which could be accounted for by a counter-balancing Na+/NH4+ exchange. Ammonium salt infusions or injections which stimulate Na+ influx are not sufficient demonstrations of Na+/NH4+ exchange, since acidosis is produced, and alternate interpretations of the Na+ flux stimulation are possible, such as enhanced Na+/H+ exchange.

Determination of diazinon effects on some haematologicalparameters in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayfun Karatas ◽  
Mevlut Albayrak
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of diazinon on some haematology indices in rainbow trout. During the four day, 10 rainbow trout were exposed to two different concentration of diazinon, 40% (0.66mg/L) and 80% (1.32mg/L), respectively (LC50=1.65mg/L). The values of erythrocytes (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. Whereas, leukocytes (WBC) value increased significantly (P less than 0.05) and then decreased. The values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased with diazinon administration. However, the increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCHC) was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Lymphocyte decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Neutrophils increased and then decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the changes blood parameteres of the fish exposed to diazinon may be related to decreased immune system.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE DETERMINATION BY SATURATION ANALYSIS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burger ◽  
B. Miller ◽  
C. Sakoloff ◽  
M. B. Vallotton
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Tracer Amount ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Solvent Blank

ABSTRACT An improved method for the determination of serum triiodothyronine (T3) has been developed. After addition of a tracer amount of the hormone, T3 was extracted from 1 ml serum under conditions of pH and ionic strength which favoured T3 extraction (89%) over thyroxine (T4) extraction (58%). Chromatography of the extracted material on Sephadex LH-20 separated T3 completely from residual T4. The T3 eluate was dried, then re-dissolved in 0.5 ml NaOH 0.04 n. To 0.2 ml duplicate aliquots, a standard amount of TBG was added for the competitive protein analysis. After one hour incubation at 4°C, separation of bound from free T3 was achieved on small Sephadex G-25 columns. Overall recovery was 67 ± 10.8% and correction for the loss was made. The solvent blank was 37 ± 27 (sd) ng/100 ml. Accuracy of measurement of known quantities of T3 added to serum was 98.4%. The coefficient of variation within the assay was 6.2% and between the assays it was 11.4%. The limit of detection (0.1 ng) corresponded to a concentration of 25 ng/100 ml. T4 added to serum did not interfere with T3 determination until high non-physiological values were reached. The mean ± sd serum T3 in 54 euthyroid subjects was 153 ± 58 ng/100 ml and in 24 hyperthyroid patients it was 428 ±186 ng/100 ml; 4 out of the 24 hyperthyroid values were within 2 sd of the mean euthyroid group. All the values found in the euthyroid group were well above the limit of detection of the method.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

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