Effects of Methamphetamine on the Development and Its Determination in Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Changquan Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Lipin Ren ◽  
Jiang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Pmi Estimation

Abstract Age determination of necrophagous flies serves as an important tool for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation in forensic investigations. Drugs or toxins in cadavers may alter the developmental time of larvae, and lead to deviation in PMI estimation. Methamphetamine (MA), as one of the most abused psychostimulant drugs in Asia and North America, is often involved in forensic entomotoxicological cases. This study investigated the effects of MA (0, 45, 90, and 180 ng/mg) on the developmental rate, morphology, and survival of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich, 1930). The results showed that 1) the developmental time to reach the pupal instar was statistically slower for the larvae reared on rabbit mince containing MA than for the control; 2) the mean length of the larvae exposed to MA concentrations was longer than those of the control; 3) the mean weight of the pupae exposed to the highest concentration of MA was significantly lighter than those of the control; 4) the GC–MS method can detect the content of MA in A. grahami immatures and empty puparia (EP).

Reproduction in the red-legged pademelon, Thylogale stigmatica Gould (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), and age estimation and development of pouch young

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Johnson ◽  
K Vernes
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The reproduction of Thylogale stigmatica in captivity was studied and a predictive growth equation for age determination of the pouch young was developed. The general pattern of reproduction involved an oestrous cycle of 29-32 days, a gestation period of 28-30 days and a mean pouch life of 184 days. A post-partum oestrus and mating generally followed birth. Births were observed in all months in captivity, and from October to June in the wild. Mean age of weaning of young was 66 days following permanent pouch emergence, and the mean ages at maturity for females and males was 341 and 466 days, respectively.

Developmental Rate and Vertebral Number in Salmonids

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1537-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Numerical Determination ◽  
Vertebral Number ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Developmental Conditions

Eggs of the brook trout and the rainbow trout were incubated at various constant levels of temperature and dissolved oxygen to test the hypothesis that vertebral number in fish is controlled, within limits, by the developmental rate. The mean vertebral number in both species decreased with increased rate of development which was caused by higher temperature and conversely the mean vertebral number in both species increased with decreased rate of development. The number of vertebrae is shown to be inversely related to the rate of development, expressed as the reciprocal of the number of days in the period of numerical determination of vertebrae in each species. The slopes of the regressions are −0.45 and −1.15 for brook trout and rainbow trout, respectively, and are perhaps, characteristic of the species. Variations in the usual type of trend of vertebral number with different developmental conditions, as reported by some investigators, are discussed and a possible explanation for some of these variations is proposed.

Age Determination of Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers in Eastern North America

Bird-Banding ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. George
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Eastern North America

Determination of Age in the Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre)

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Chittleborough
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
The West ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

The use of baleen, ear plugs, and ovaries in the determination of age in humpback whales is described. From the evidence of baleen, the majority of humpback whales reach puberty at 4 or 5 years of age. The rate of accumulation of laminations in ear plugs is two laminations per year. The mean rate of ovulation in sexually mature females is 1.1 per year. Age determination upon the same sample of mature females by these two methods gives very similar distribution of ages. The age distribution within separate sexes from samples of mature humpback whales examined on the west and east coasts of Australia in 1957 are compared. The results indicate that the population migrating along the west coast is at present composed of younger individuals than that on the east coast of Australia.

scholarly journals Gönpa Gang—The First Application of Dendrochronological Dating to Study the Traditional Architecture of Upper Mustang (Nepal)

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Barbara Gmińska-Nowak ◽  
Achyut Tiwari ◽  
Tomasz Ważny
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Story Building ◽  
Tibetan Architecture

Gönpa Gang is an example of the traditional Buddhist architecture of Upper Mustang. It is also the first monument in Upper Mustang to be studied using the dendrochronological dating method. The gönpa is a two-story building of imposing size, made from simple elements of Tibetan architecture, namely masonry walls, timber posts, and beams. A total of 14 samples were collected from elements on both the ground and the first floor. The limited number of samples results from the cultural and religious character of the object under study. Only the elements consistent with the structure and the space arrangement, interpreted as original features, were examined. Microscopic observation and the analysis of the anatomical features of all 14 samples resulted in the identification of Himalayan pine (blue pine), Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. Intra-annual density fluctuation, false rings, and missing rings were detected. From 14 samples collected in Gönpa Gang, 18 series were worked out. Thus, 15 series from 12 samples were synchronized and used for the development of the mean chronology, UMGG_m, with a total length of 160 rings. The chronology covers the period from 1524 to 1683. Examination of the Gang Gönpa wood resulted in the age determination of 13 elements. The results were compared with architectural stratification by Harrison and historical data from written sources. The timber used in the gönpa comes from the Southern Mustang area. The examined wood demonstrates a correlation with the timber used in the Upper Mustang historical buildings further north.

Reproduction in the Proserpine rock-wallaby, Petrogale persephone Maynes (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in captivity, with age estimation and development of pouch young

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Johnson ◽  
J. Steven C. Delean
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Growth ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Growth Equations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age Prediction

Reproduction in the Proserpine rock-wallaby, Petrogale persephone, was studied in captivity. Sexual maturity, defined as age at first fertility, was attained at 20.5 months in females whereas males were not mature until 24.8 months. P. persephone is capable of breeding throughout the year. The length of the oestrous cycle was 33–38 days, while the period of gestation was 30–34 days. Birth was usually followed by an oestrus and mating, and a subsequent lactation-controlled embryonic diapause. The mean interval between loss of a pouch young and birth was 31.5 days. Pouch life was 203–215 days and young at foot were weaned 105–139 days after permanent emergence from the pouch. Linear mixed-effects models were used to describe polynomial growth equations for age determination of pouch young using both head and pes length. The relationship between error in age prediction and each body measurement was defined. Head measurements provided the most accurate estimates of the age of pouch young.

Effect of Terbufos (Organophosphate) on the Cadaveric Colonization Process: Implications for Postmortem Interval Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Jales ◽  
T M Barbosa ◽  
V P Soares ◽  
R A Gama
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Pmi Estimation

Abstract The determination of necrophagous fly specie’s development time is considered an accurate method for estimating postmortem interval (PMI). However, pesticides and other chemicals can alter the flies’ life cycle, inducing errors in PMI estimation. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of Terbufos (Organophosphates) on the temporal dispersion pattern and development of immature dipterans associated with decaying rat carcasses. For this, 150 g female Wistar rats received, via gavage, 200 µl of Terbufos (5 or 10 mg/kg) or distilled water (control) and, after 30 min of administration, the animals were euthanized and distributed in suspended traps to decompose under environmental conditions. The dispersing immatures were collected daily, and their development time was monitored until the emergence of adult flies. After data analysis, it was observed that Terbufos altered 1) the temporal pattern of larval dispersion; 2) the composition and structure of the colonizing assemblage (emerged adults); 3) species’ development time, accelerating or delaying their cycle, depending on the dose used; and 4) the califorids and sarcophagids emergence rate, increasing the mortality of pupae from intoxicated carcasses. Thus, this work demonstrates experimentally that Terbufos directly influences the development of flies with forensic potential and discusses the implications for PMI estimation, which can assist in future investigative processes with suspected poisoning by this organophosphate.

Age determination of Daruma pond frog, Rana porosa brevipoda from Japan towards its conservation (Amphibia: Anura)

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuchika Misawa ◽  
Wichase Khonsue ◽  
Masafumi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Classical Technique ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe age of a vulnerable frog, Rana porosa brevipoda from Japan was estimated using the now classical technique of skeletochronology. The mean age did not differ between the sexes but males were smaller in body size than females. Sexual maturity was attained in the fall of the year of metamorphosis in males and in the breeding season of the next year in females, and both sexes began to breed in the next year of metamorphosis. Both sexes similarly had minimum longevity of four years. The population age composition showed a rapid decrease in number of frogs with the increase of age. Growth parameters differed between sexes and males grew more rapidly and sexually matured at a smaller size than females. We comment on the peculiar pattern of postmetamorphic survival curves in R. porosa brevipoda as a threatened species. We also discuss the reason of decline in this species and suggest a measure of conservation.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

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