Influence of Temperature Change on Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Oxygen Consumption of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, Acclimated to Two Temperatures

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Transient Phase ◽  
Similar Test ◽  
Two Phases

Measurements of the effect of rapid change in temperature on the spontaneous activity and oxygen consumption were made on Atlantic salmon underyearlings acclimated to 6 or 18 C. The new levels of imposed temperature ranged from 6 to 30 C for both acclimations. At similar test temperatures the calculated standard metabolic rate of the fish acclimated to 6 C was higher than that of the fish acclimated to 18 C, up to about 23 C, where the two curves relating oxygen consumption and temperature intersect. Spontaneous activity could be separated into two phases, a transient phase occurring during the actual period of temperature change, and a stabilized phase. The transient phase was characterized by a peak in activity which was found to be correlated with the rate, rather than the amount, of the temperature change. In general, the peak was higher for fish acclimated to 18 C. The relation between activity in the stabilized phase and test temperature was characterized by a plateau or maximum in the general region of the previously determined selected temperature. Except at the coldest test temperature (6 C), the fish acclimated to 6 C were more active in the stabilized phase than were the fish acclimated to 18 C at similar test temperatures. Complete acclimation for both metabolism and activity, between 6 and 18 C, requires about 2 weeks, regardless of the direction of the temperature change.

Activity, Respiration, and Excretion of Ammonia by Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolt and Postsmolt

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wiggs ◽  
E. B. Henderson ◽  
R. L. Saunders ◽  
M. N. Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Increased Activity

Spontaneous activity, oxygen consumption, and excretion of ammonia by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were measured over 17 wk as the appearance of the fish changed from early smolt to smolt and then postsmolt. A substantial change in routine oxygen consumption from 66 to 148 mL∙kg−1∙h−1 was primarily correlated with the increase in activity. An initial increase in ammonia excretion from about 5 to about 14 mL∙kg−1∙h−1 was largely correlated with the decline in condition factor from 0.99 to 0.79 suggesting that increased metabolic needs caused by the increased activity were not being met by the amount of food ingested. This is supported by the secondary increase in condition factor (C.F. = 0.93) and decrease in ammonia excretion (to about 7 mg∙kg−1∙h−1) that occurred after the meal size was increased.

Oxygen consumption, activity and body fat in normal and hairless mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Total Body

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.

AN OPTICALLY-TRIGGERED I-RTD HYBRID THz OSCILLATOR DESIGN

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
DWIGHT WOOLARD ◽  
WEIDONG ZHANG ◽  
ELLIOTT BROWN ◽  
BORIS GELMONT ◽  
ROBERT TREW
Keyword(s):  
Photon Flux ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Transient Phase ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Band Engineering ◽  
Tunneling Diode ◽  
Hole Charge ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Optical Triggering

A design and analysis study is presented for a new optically-triggered (OT) interband resonant-tunneling-diode (I-RTD) device that has potential for generating terahertz (THz) frequency oscillations and achieving enhanced output power levels under pulsed operation. The proposed device utilizes novel nanoscale mechanisms to achieve externally driven oscillations that consist of two phases – i.e., an initial transient phase produced by a natural Zener (interband) tunneling process and a second discharging transient phase induced by optical annihilation of stored hole-charge by externally-injected photon flux. The specific focus of this paper will be on an OT-I-RTD oscillator that utilizes In 1- x Ga x As / GaSb y As 1- y hetero-systems and the application of band-engineering to enable triggering by 1.55 μm laser technology. The paper presents performance results for the hybrid circuit design, along with a practical implementation strategy for integrating the optical triggering and an analysis of the heating induced during large signal operation.

Hourly and total oxygen consumption by ova of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during embryogenesis, at two temperatures and three levels of dissolved oxygen

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamor ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Two Temperatures

Weighted mean hourly rates of oxygen consumption in embryonated ova of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during embryogenesis, were reduced significantly by levels of dissolved oxygen below air saturation and by a temperature of 5 °C, relative to those for ova incubated at 10 °C. Total oxygen consumption during embryogenesis also was reduced significantly by the lower levels of dissolved oxygen, but not by temperature. The decrease in the pace of embryogenesis in the lots of ova at 5 °C extended the developmental time so that the lower rate of oxygen uptake was offset. Thus, within each level of dissolved oxygen there was no appreciable difference in the products of time units and units of oxygen uptake. At 5 °C, 100% air saturation, mean hourly uptake was 0.0141 mg O2/ovum, and total uptake was 28.153 mg O2/ovum. At 10 °C, 100% air saturation, these values were 0.0270 mg O2/ovum, and 27.974 mg O2/ovum, respectively. Values for ova incubated at 50 and 30% air saturation were correspondingly lower.

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