Buoyancy of Atlantic and Pacific Herring

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2077-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien M. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Pacific and Atlantic herring after adjustment to water 36 cm deep had sinking-factors between 1000 and 1008 and showed an inverse relationship between oil content and swimbladder volume up to 12% oil. At higher oil contents a swimbladder volume between 2.6 and 3.0% of total body volume was maintained. The mean volumes and densities of various components of the Pacific herring held in captivity were: swimbladder gas 4.1% of total volume,.0013 g/ml; oil 3.5%,.926 g/ml; scales 0.5%, 1.966 g/ml; skeleton 1.2%, 1.993 g/ml; rest of fish 90.6%, 1.057 g/ml. These components on the average exerted upward forces of 41.4 and 3.3 dynes/ml of fish due to gas and oil, and downward forces of 4.6, 11.2, and 32.1 dynes/ml due to scales, skeleton, and the rest of the fish respectively. Under natural conditions herring usually have high oil contents so the relationship observed here suggests they have low swimbladder volumes. This combined with a duct direct from the swimbladder to the exterior and the lack of gas secretion would give the herring freedom of vertical movement and a low change of sinking factor with depth.

Total Body Volume estimates from DXA whole body scans

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Joseph Wilson ◽  
Jennifer Sherman ◽  
John Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Volume ◽  
Volume Estimates

scholarly journals Community of macroparasites of the Pacific barracuda Sphyraena ensis Jordan and Gilbert, 1882 (Perciformes, Sphyraenidae) from the north coast of Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
D. Minaya ◽  
D. Ferre ◽  
M. García ◽  
L. Alvariño ◽  
J. Iannacone
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Length ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

This study aimed to report the community of macroparasites of the Pacific barracuda Sphyraena ensis Jordan and Gilbert, 1882 (Perciformes, Sphyraenidae) from the north coast of Peru. From September to October 2019, 138 specimens of S. ensis were acquired from Caleta de Zorritos, Contralmirante Villar Province, Tumbes, on the north coast of Peru. The community of parasites found consisted of nine species of parasites including monogeneans, copepods, trematodes and nematodes. The total body length of the fish was negatively correlated with the mean intensity of infestation of Pseudochauhanea sp. The mean abundance of Pseudochauhanea sp. also showed a marked significant difference between the populations of male and female fish, being more associated with males. We provide a list of macroparasites recorded in fish of the genus Sphyraena in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Checklist dataset published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/5htffh)

On the Ratio of Evaporation to Precipitation1

1961 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Evaporation Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Area Data

The evaporation ratio ɛ is defined as the ratio of the evaporation actually occurring under natural conditions over a given area to the precipitation falling on that area. Data drawn from a variety of sources are used to obtain simple climatological estimates of ɛ. The mean value of ɛ over all the world's land surfaces is probably near 0.65, with individual continents ranging from 0.60 for North America to 0.87 for Australia. For the United States, ɛ averages about 0.73, with local ɛ values ranging from near 1.0 in the southwestern deserts to essentially zero in the Pacific Northwest coastal slopes and in portions of Maine. A chart depicting the generalized pattern of ɛ over the United States east of the Rocky Mountains is presented.

scholarly journals Fecundity and Ovarian Characteristics of Puntius gonionotus (Bloch/Bleeker) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Tanjeena Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship

The exotic barb Puntius gonionotus was introduced into Bangladesh in 1987. Its faster growth rate, nice taste and compatibility with our culturable species have made it very popular food fish in Bangladesh. With a view to providing some basic information towards development of sustainable seed production of the species, a study was undertaken to determine the fecundity and ovary characteristics of the fish. The mean fecundity of 55 gravid females (of 11 length group) of Puntius gonionotus was obtained as 14321 with a range of 2254.67 to 6964.73 from fishes having a mean total length and mean body weight of 200.13±20.58 mm and 196±34.379 g respectively. The relationship between the fecundity (F) and total length (TL), total body weight (TW), ovary length (OL) and ovary weight (OW) were established. Regression analysis was made and the co-efficient of correlation (r) was calculated for each of the following F-TL, F-TW, F-OL and F-OW and the values of r were obtained to be 0.84, 0.84, 0.95 and 0.96 respectively. In all the cases linear relationships obtained were highly significant. Key words: Fecundity, Puntius gonionotus, ovarian characteristics. J. bio-sci. 14: 99-102, 2006

Variability of Oceanographic Conditions Between Ocean Station P and Swiftsure Bank off the Pacific Coast of Canada

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Fofonoff ◽  
S. Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Wind Stress ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Ekman Transport ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Baroclinic Flow ◽  
Bottom Portion

Oceanographic observations taken along the line between Ocean Station P (50°N, 145°W) and Swiftsure Bank (48°32′N, 125°00′W) from January 1959 through January 1962 showed that the annual variation of temperature was determined primarily by the heat exchange across the surface and only secondarily by currents. Salinity variations were related to freshwater runoff from land and the component of Ekman transport normal to the coast. Variations of depths of isopycnal surfaces appeared to be related to the curl of wind stress, except near the coast. However, the observed vertical movement of isopycnal surfaces was much larger than that calculated from the wind stress. Near the coast, the vertical movement was related to the component of Ekman transport normal to the coast.The average total transport through the section, as calculated from the curl of the wind stress, was 5.8 million metric tons per second and was directed northward. The average baroclinic flow was 13 million metric tons per second. These transports were consistent if the mean depth of no motion was at 1400 m with southward flow in the bottom portion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a model for total body protein mass based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: comparison with a reference four-component model

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Fuller ◽  
J. C. K. Wells ◽  
M. Elia
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Four Component Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a model of body composition for assessing total body protein (TBP) mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with either measured or assumed total body water (TBW); it was intended to provide a less complex or demanding alternative technique to, for example, the four-component model (4-CM). The following measurements were obtained in healthy adults (n46) aged 18–62 years, and children (n30) aged 8–12 years: body weight (BWt), body volume (BV; under-water weighing), TBW (2H-dilution space or predicted using an assumed hydration fraction of fat-free mass (HFffm)), bone mineral content (BMC; DXA) and fat-free soft tissue (FFST; DXA). TBP was calculated using the 4-CM (TBP=3·050BWt-0·290TBW-2·734BMC-2·747BV) and the DXA model (TBP=FFST-0·2305BMC-TBW). DXA measurements were obtained using the Lunar DPX (Lunar Radiation Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) or Hologic QDR 1000/W (Hologic, Waltham, MA, USA). Precision of the DXA model for TBP with measured TBW (4·6–6·8 % mean TBP) was slightly worse than the 4-CM (4·0–5·4 %), whereas that modelled with assumed HFffmwas more precise (2·4–5·2 %) because it obviated imprecision associated with measuring TBW. Agreement between the 4-CM and DXA model with measured TBW was also worse (e.g. bias, 15 % of the mean; 95 % limits of agreement up to ±39 % for adults measured on the Lunar DPX) than when a constant for HFffmwas assumed (3·7 % and ±21 % respectively). Most of the variability in agreement between these various models was due to interpretation of biological factors, rather than to measurement imprecision. Therefore, the DXA model, which is less complex and demanding than the 4-CM, is of value for assessing TBP in groups of healthy subjects, but is of less value for individuals in whom there may be substantial differences from reference 4-CM estimates.

scholarly journals Trunk body volume as a proportion of total body volume in severely and very severely obese individuals (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m 2 )

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Wang ◽  
Dympna Gallagher ◽  
John Thornton ◽  
Wen YU ◽  
Rich Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Volume

scholarly journals Total Body Volume and circumference measurements from Stereo Photographic Digital Topography

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S390
Author(s):  
R. P. Mikat ◽  
P. A. Eisenman ◽  
G. D. Ellis ◽  
S. C. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Sands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Volume ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Volume
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