X-Ray Spectrometric and Multivariate Analysis of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Different Geographic Regions

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Calaprice
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Relative Similarity

The chemical composition of samples of fry and adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) collected in different areas was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Multivariate analysis of the spectra indicate that fish taken from an area possess recognizably distinct chemical compositions. Discriminant functions computed using spectral data were used to classify unknowns successfully. The relative similarity of groups characterized by fluorescence spectrometry is shown by canonical analysis and the nature of the chemical differences is discussed. The results indicate that these aquatic organisms possess a chemoprint, a form of natural tag.

Role of Environment and Stock on the Elemental Composition of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Vertebrae

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Behrens Yamada ◽  
T. J. Mulligan ◽  
D. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Individual spawning populations, or stocks, of salmon differ in the elemental composition of their scales and bone. These stock-specific differences have a pronounced environmental component, since elevated concentrations of certain elements in fish tissue can be induced by feeding hatchery fish food enriched in these elements. This study tests the hypothesis that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the stock-specific elemental composition of salmon vertebrae. Four stocks of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were raised under identical conditions and each stock was subjected to four environmental treatments. The elemental composition of the vertebrae were analysed using X-ray spectroscopy; nine elements were measured. The resulting elemental composition data were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance. Evidence is presented for both a stock and a treatment factor contributing to the vertebral composition.

Factor Analysis in Discriminating the Racial Origin of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Messinger ◽  
H. T. Bilton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Racial Origin ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
New Variables

A comparison was made between the procedure of factoring variables before using them in discriminant analysis and the usual procedure of using the original variables in discriminant analysis. The results indicated factoring seven scale measurements on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with varimax rotation produced four new variables which gave more valid results in classifying sockeye salmon by area of origin than the original variables when discriminant functions were computed. Although the results on the basic data from which the functions were derived were not as good using the four factor scores as the seven original variables, the accuracy of classification was much more consistent in the test data with the factor scores. The loss in accuracy was at least [Formula: see text] times as great for functions based on the original variables as for ones based on factor scores. The errors in classifying fish to their individual places of origin were perhaps too large for the procedure to be useful in the field, but the accuracy of classification to the British Columbia or Alaska region was quite high.

Optimization of the identification of chemical compounds by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and subsequent multivariate analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kessler ◽  
P. Hoffmann ◽  
T. Greve ◽  
H. M. Ortner
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray

THE APPLICABILITY OF X-RAY ENERGY-DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF POPULATIONS OF RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
G. H. Gerber ◽  
M. Bickis ◽  
R. B. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Source Populations

AbstractThe relative concentration of elements in adults of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, as determined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XES), was used with discriminant analysis to identify source populations of beetles from different fields in the same district. Classification of dispersed beetles from the same district, using discriminant functions, suggests that XES is a promising technique for dispersal studies. However, multivariate analysis of variance and canonical analysis of XES results of groups of beetles given different foods over varying times in the laboratory indicate that highly significant changes occur in the chemoprint. Methods of minimizing the effect of such changes are suggested for future studies of dispersal.

scholarly journals An Archaeometric Investigation of Gems and Glass Beads Decorating the Double-Arm Reliquary Cross from Liège, Belgium

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4542-4557
Author(s):  
Yannick Bruni ◽  
Frédéric Hatert ◽  
Merry Demaude ◽  
Nicolas Delmelle ◽  
Philippe George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cross Dating

In 1914, a magnificent reliquary cross dating from the early XIIIth century was discovered in a safe from the Liège Cathedral. This double-arm cross shows a wooden structure, covered by gold-coated copper on the front, and by carved silver plates on the back. Its total length is 34 cm, and it is covered by filigrees, gems, glass beads, and pearls on its front. The reliquary cross was analysed by Raman spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) to determine the mineralogical and chemical compositions of gems, glass beads, and metals that have been used to decorate it. The results confirm the identification of twenty-five turquoises from Egypt, one garnet from Sri Lanka, as well as six quartz and one opal whose origin is difficult to certify. Twelve glass beads, showing green, blue, or amber tints, were also identified. Their compositions either correspond to soda lime glasses with natron or to potash–lead glasses similar to those of Central Europe. Moreover, a small polished red cross and a green stone appear to be constituted by nice doublets, composed of coloured glass covered by quartz. The filigrees contain Au and Cu, while carved plates covering the edges and the back of the cross are made of silver.

Ldh-4 allozyme variability in North American sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
River Drainages

Allozyme variation at the Ldh-4 locus was surveyed in 66 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) over the North American range of this species. Two alleles, Ldh-4100 and Ldh-4115, were present in populations over the species range, but frequencies of the Ldh-4115 allele exceeding 5% were restricted to some populations in northern British Columbia and Alaska. Ldh-485 present at frequencies less than 10%, was virtually confined to populations of the Skeena River drainage. Likelihood ratio analysis revealed significant variation in Ldh-4 allelic frequencies among major geographic regions, among smaller areas within regions, and among populations within the Nass and Stikine River drainages. Selective and zoogeographic factors which may explain the distribution of the Ldh-4115 allele in North American sockeye populations are discussed.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions of African Trade Bracelets (Manillas) via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Kuntz ◽  
Jennifer Ferguson ◽  
Vincent Iduma ◽  
Renee Kuzava ◽  
Mark Benvenuto
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Zinc

Sixteen small, west African trade bracelets called manillas, and one large, African trade bracelet referred to as a king manilla based on its size, were analyzed via energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and compared for the following elements: copper, zinc, tin, lead, antimony, and arsenic. The composition of the bracelets varied widely in the amount of lead present, especially when compared to the official amounts of lead allowed by the various manufacturing concerns. The king manilla showed a markedly different chemistry than the sixteen smaller manillas, consistent with the belief such large manillas were not manufactured in the same location as the small.

Iron, copper, zinc and selenium in human liver tissue measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Milman ◽  
J. Laursen ◽  
J. Pødenphant ◽  
P. Staun-Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Human Liver Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper Zinc

DETERMINATION OF LANTHANIDES AND 3D METALS IN ENDOMETALLOFULLERENES WATER SOLUTIONS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G Zinovyev. ◽  
V.T. Lebedev ◽  
I.A. Mitropolsky ◽  
G.I. Shulyak ◽  
P.A. Sushkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
3D Metals
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