Some Aspects of the Life History of Calanus plumchrus in the Strait of Georgia

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
History Of

Calanus plumchrus did not feed during the last 7 months of its life cycle and the fecundity of each female was dependent on the size of the animal. Each female produced an average of 535 eggs from 9.5 broods over a breeding period of 85 days. Eggs were released in water deeper than 300 m and were calculated to move towards the surface about 26 m/day. Growth from egg to stage V took about 100 days. Growth rate was calculated to be 10.6%/day.

THE ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF RETUSA OBTUSA (MONTAGU) (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tyrell Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Span ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Protandrous Hermaphrodite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

The habitat, diet, life history, and reproductive cycle of Retusa obtusa were investigated over a period of [Formula: see text] years in a population found in the Inner Harbour at Barry, Glamorgan, U.K. A technique was devised for extracting Retusa from the mud of this area. R. obtusa occurs in the topmost 3.5 cm of fine mud covering Barry harbor, which is immersed by the sea for only a short time at each high tide. The principal prey was found to be Hydrobia ulvae.The life cycle was found to be annual, the adults dying in spring, following the natural breeding season. Occasionally, a short extra breeding period occurs in the fall. The life span in no case greatly exceeded one year. Retusa is a protandrous hermaphrodite, and copulates in the fall. The eggs mature through the late fall and the winter, a few at a time, until oviposition occurs in the spring. The average number of eggs produced per individual was 33, deposited in 1–4 egg batches. Development is direct.

Laboratory studies on the life-history of Valanga nigricornis nigricornis (Burm.) (Orth., Acrididae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
History Of

Descriptions are given of all growth stages of Valanga nigricornis nigricornis (Burm.). The hopper instars (normally six in the male and seven in the female) could be distinguished by the development of the external genitalia. Under laboratory conditions (mean 27–9°C and 80% r.h.), the life-cycle was completed in 6½–8½ months, and the females had a mean fecundity of 158. Crowding slowed the growth rate of the adults, extended the pre-oviposition period from 60 to 65 days at 30–9°C and reduced fecundity. It is concluded that the low fecundity and slow life-cycle preclude the possibility of the species becoming a widespread pest.

The reproduction and larval development of Nereis fucata (Savigny)

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brown-Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

The wide variety of reproductive patterns and behaviour in the many species of Nereidae already studied clearly justifies further research. But the life history of Nereis fucata (Savigny) is not only of interest from the comparative point of view. Its commensal habit (it occurs within shells occupied by hermit crabs) immediately gives it a special importance. This alone warrants a detailed study, particularly as no commensal polychaete has yet been reared through to metamorphosis and settlement on its host (Davenport, 1955; Davenport & Hickok, 1957). The numerous interesting problems which arise, and the experimental methods needed to study them, are, however, beyond the range of a paper on nereid development. It is therefore proposed to confine the present account to the reproduction and development up to the time when the larvae settle on the bottom. The complete life cycle, the mechanism of host-adoption, and related topics, will be reported in later papers.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE LIFE HISTORY OF TRICHOBILHARZIA CAMERONI SP. NOV. (FAMILY SCHISTOSOMATIDAE)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Daughter Sporocyst ◽  
Physa Gyrina ◽  
History Of

A cause of swimmer's itch in the lower Ottawa River is Trichobilharzia cameroni sp. nov. Its life cycle has been completed experimentally in laboratory-bred snails and in canaries and ducks, and the various stages are described. The eggs are spindle-shaped. The sporocysts are colorless and tubular. Mother sporocysts become mature in about a week. The younger daughter sporocyst is provided with spines on the anterior end and becomes mature in about three weeks. The development in the snail requires from 28 to 35 days. A few cercariae were found to live for up to 14 days at 50 °C., although their life at 16° to 18 °C. was about four days. Cercariae kept at room temperature for 60 to 72 hr. were found infective. The adults become mature in canaries and pass eggs in about 12 to 14 days. Physa gyrina is the species of snail naturally infected. It was found in one case giving off cercariae for five months after being kept in the laboratory. Domestic ducks were found to become infected until they were at least four months old, with the parasites developing to maturity in due course; no experiments were made with older ducks. Furthermore, miracidia were still recovered from the faeces four months after the duck had been experimentally infected, and it is suggested that migratory birds are the source of the local infection.

The life history of Pleurogenoides malampuzhensis sp. nov. (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) from amphibious and aquatic hosts in Kerala, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brinesh ◽  
K.P. Janardanan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Hoplobatrachus Tigerinus ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life-cycle stages of Pleurogenoides malampuzhensis sp. nov. infecting the Indian bullfrog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin) and the skipper frog Euphlyctiscyanophlyctis (Schneider) occurring in irrigation canals and paddy fields in Malampuzha, which forms part of the district of Palakkad, Kerala, are described. The species is described, its systematic position discussed and compared with the related species, P. gastroporus (Luhe, 1901) and P. orientalis (Srivastava, 1934). The life-cycle stages, from cercaria to egg-producing adult, were successfully established in the laboratory. Virgulate xiphidiocercariae emerged from the snail Digoniostoma pulchella (Benson). Metacercariae are found in muscle tissues of dragonfly nymphs and become infective to the frogs within 22 days. The pre-patent period is 20 days. Growth and development of both metacercariae and adults are described.

Analysis of a Population Sampling Method for the Lodgepole Needle Miner in Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Feeding

General.—The purpose of this paper is to analyse a sampling method devised to assess larval populations in an outbreak of the lodgepole needle miner, Recurvaria milleri Busck (Busck 1914, Hopping 1945).The problem of developing an adequate sampling method is intimately concerned with the life-history of the insect, the region of the outbreak and the nature of the forest stand in which the outbreak occurs. In sampling most defoliator populations the problem is made more difficult by external feeding and wandering habits, hence it is usually done in some relatively inactive stage at a fixed time. de Gryse (1934) describes the problems inherent in sampling these insects. The needle miner, however, is fixed in its location for most of its life-cycle and is therefore readily obtainable for study. The problem here is reduced to a statistical one, that of obtaining an acceptable sample i.e. within suitable error limits with due regard for existing variables.

scholarly journals LIFE HISTORY, NON-SPECIFICITY, AND REVISION OF THE GENUS CHORIOPTES, A PARASITIC MITE OF HERBIVORES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon K. Sweatman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitic Mite

Chorioptic mange mites have been reared in vitro on epidermal debris. The life history of the mite has been observed, and each stage in the cycle described. Mites from the cow, horse, goat, sheep, and llama have been shown to be identical biologically and morphologically, and the specific names of equi, caprae, and ovis have been synonymized with C. bovis. The in vitro life cycle has been completed on epidermal debris from a variety of wild Cervidae, Bovidae, and Equidae, as well as on material from several breeds of domestic cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. From these and other data, three additional species or subspecies of Chorioptes were synonymized also with C. bovis. Only one other species, namely C. texanus, remains in the genus.

The life history of Scaphiostomum pancreaticum McIntosh, 1934 (Trematoda: Brachylaemidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris N. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anguispira Alternata ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

The life cycle of the brachylaemid trematode Scaphiostomum pancreaticum McIntosh, 1934, was completed experimentally in the laboratory. Eggs were obtained from trematodes removed from naturally infected Tamias striatus. Eggs are mature when laid and hatch naturally only after ingestion by a snail. In vitro hatching and subsequent examination of the miracidium was accomplished in snail gastric juice. Sporocysts developed in Anguispira alternata and cercarial emergence began 129 days after infection. Metacercariae developed in the kidney of A. alternata, Triodopsis albolabris, and Haplotrema concavum and were infective to the chipmunk after 5 months, and ovigerous adults were obtained in 30 days. This is the first description of the life cycle of a member of this genus.

BIONOMICS OF BLATTISOCIUS KEEGANI (FOX) (ACARINA: ASCIDAE), A PREDATOR ON EGGS OF PESTS OF STORED GRAINS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cryptolestes Turcicus

The life history of Blattisocius keegani (Fox) was studied at 60, 72, and 80 °F, and at relative humidities (r.h.) of 70 to 75% and 95 to 100%. A life cycle of 6 to 7 days was found at 80 °F. Oviposition was studied at 80 °F and 70 to 75% r.h.; the finite rate of increase (λ) was 3.33 female offspring per female per week. Approximately three Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle) eggs were required to rear one B. keegani to adulthood at 80 °F and 70 to 75% r.h. Female B. keegani that consumed one C. turcicus egg per day were able to oviposit. The hosts investigated included eggs of six species of beetles, and two species of mites that infest stored grains.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

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