Influence of Bovine Growth Hormone and L-Thyroxine on Growth, Muscle Composition, and Histological Structure of the Gonads, Thyroid, Pancreas, and Pituitary of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1585-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Higgs ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Poor Growth

Groups of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were acclimated to 10 C well water and a photoperiod of 12 h L:12 h D. Excess ration (Oregon Moist Pellet) was presented daily. Doses of bovine growth hormone (5, 10, 20, 30, or 90 μg bGH/g body wt) and L-thyroxine (0.5, 5, or 30 μg T4/g) were administered over a period of 84 days (phase I) either by injection (via dorsal musculature or peritoneal cavity) or by hormone cholesterol implants into the muscle. Administration frequency of bGH and T4 was such (range 2 times/wk-1 time/3 wk) that fish theoretically received either 10 or 30 μg bGH/g per wk or 1 or 10 μg T4/g per wk. Control fish received either alkaline saline (pH 9.5) or a cholesterol pellet. After cessation of treatment the fish were observed for an additional 84 days (phase II). During phase I, growth rates (weight) for bGH fish (2.0–2.4% per day) and for T4 fish (0.97–1.1% per day) were significantly higher than those of control fish (0.42–0.59% per day). Among bGH fish, dorsal musculature injection (2 times/wk) was significantly more effective than intraperitoneal injection (1 time/2 wk).Increases in weight above control for bGH fish at 84 days ranged from 220 to 369%. Those for T4 fish extended from 47 to 78%. In phase II, control fish growth rates were higher (0.61–0.67% per day) than those for bGH fish (0.47–0.57% per day) and T4 fish (0.32–0.44% per day). Administration of bGH and T4 (high dose) caused a progressive decline in condition factor of fish from the control range. This trend was stopped and reversed in phase II.At 84 days, generally no significant differences were detected among groups for percentages of muscle water. However, some groups had significantly higher (bGH) and others lower (T4) percentages of muscle protein relative to those of control fish. Also, significant increases (T4) and decreases (bGH) in muscle lipid percentages were found. Hormone treatment altered the histological structure of the ovary, thyroid, exocrine (T4) and endocrine (bGH) pancreas, and somatotrop cells (T4) of the pituitary. A poor growth response was noted for two groups of coho administered bGH after acclimation to sea water.

Comparison of growth rates between growth hormone transgenic and selectively-bred domesticated strains of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) assessed under different culture conditions

Aquaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 528 ◽  
pp. 735468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh P. Gaffney ◽  
Rosalind A. Leggatt ◽  
Annette F. Muttray ◽  
Dionne Sakhrani ◽  
Carlo A. Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Culture Conditions

Influence of combinations of bovine growth hormone, 17α-methyltestosterone, and L-thyroxine on growth of yearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Higgs ◽  
Ulf H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
Jack R. McBride ◽  
Helen M. Dye ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Muscle Water

Groups of yearling coho salmon held at 10 °C on a natural photoperiod, and fed excess ration daily, were administered either bovine growth hormone (bGH; 0.0092 IU/g body weight), L-thyroxine (T4; 1 μg/g), 17α-methyltestosterone (MT; 1 mg/kg diet), combinations of these hormones, or no hormone for 59 days. Fish received bGH and (or) T4 intramuscularly once weekly.Each individual hormone and hormone combination significantly enhanced growth. The sequence noted for growth rate of the groups was as follows: (bGH + MT + T4) > (bGH + MT) > (bGH + T4) > bGH > (T4 + MT) > MT > T4 > control groups. Three hormonal interactions were additive (T4 + MT; bGH + MT; bGH + MT + T4). The growth rate of fish treated with bGH + MT + T4 was over three times that of the controls.T4 or MT + T4 administration significantly increased condition factors, while MT, bGH, bGH + T4, bGH + MT, and bGH + MT + T4 decreased them.Significant elevations in percentages of muscle water (bGH) and lipid (T4; T4 + MT; bGH + MT) were found. Thyroid activity (follicle epithelial height) was significantly increased in MT and MT + bGH fish, but depressed in T4 fish. Hormone administration altered the histological structure of the endocrine pancreas (bGH and MT groups), ovary (bGH; MT groups), testis (MT groups), and interrenal tissue (bGH; MT).

Stress and Chronic Effects of Untreated and Treated Bleached Kraft Pulpmill Effluent on the Biochemistry and Stamina of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McLeay ◽  
David A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Treated Effluent

Growth of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fed a limiting ration (70% of satiation) in experimental stream channels was not altered significantly by prolonged exposure to untreated or laboratory-treated (fermented) bleached kraft pulpmill effluent (BKME), although mean weights for control fish were consistently lower than those for all effluent-exposed groups from 100 to 200 d. Body protein, fat, and moisture content were unaffected by treatment at 30, 90, and 200 d. Fish exposed to all strengths of untreated or treated BKME (i.e. untreated concentrations equivalent by volume to 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 of the untreated effluent's 96-h LC50 value; and treated concentrations equivalent by volume to 0.2 and 1.0 LC50) showed significant decreases in serum albumin levels at 30 d, whereas these recovered to control values at 90 and 200 d. The serum electrolytes Na+, K+, and Ca++ were unaffected by treatment at 200 d and not measured for other exposures. Liver and muscle glycogen reserves were decreased significantly by continuous exposure of fish to untreated or treated BKME concentrations for 30 d. These values recovered to control levels at 90 d and were unaffected or depressed at 200 d. Plasma glucose levels at 30 d were elevated significantly in all BKME-exposed groups except those held in the lowest concentration of untreated or treated effluent. Blood sugar values at 90 d were increased only by the highest strength of untreated or treated BKME; whereas at 200 d these values were elevated from control levels in all effluent-exposed groups. Levels of plasma lactic acid were unmeasured at 30 d, increased at 90 d in all BKME-exposed groups except the lowest strength of untreated effluent, and elevated at 200 d in all effluent-exposed groups. The stamina of these fish as determined by critical swimming speeds in freshwater was unaffected by exposure to pulpmill effluent for 90 d and unmeasured for other exposures. Based on the changes in intermediary metabolism for BKME-exposed fish at 30, 90, and 200 d, it was concluded that these fish remained in a state of chronic stress and did not acclimate to prolonged exposure to pulpmill effluent. Treatment of this waste reduced or removed its acute (lethal) toxicity but did not alter the biochemical effects caused by chronic exposure. Key words: stress, growth, proximate analyses, albumin, electrolyte, glycogen, glucose, lactate, critical swimming speed, acclimation

Salinity acclimation and advanced parr–smolt transformation in growth-hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Bystriansky ◽  
W.C. Clarke ◽  
M.M. Alonge ◽  
S.M. Judd ◽  
P.M. Schulte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salinity Acclimation ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Seawater Acclimation

Growth hormone (GH) is involved in the parr–smolt transformation of salmonid fishes and is known to improve salinity tolerance. This study compared the capacity for seawater acclimation of GH transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)) to that of wild-type fish, allowing examination of responses to sustained (chronic) exposure to elevated GH. GH transgenic fish (GH TG) smolted 1 year in advance of wild-type salmon and showed a greater capacity to hypo-osmoregulate in seawater. As GH TG fish were much larger than the wild-type fish, a second experiment was conducted with three size-matched groups of coho salmon (a 1+-year-old wild-type group, a 1+-year-old ration-restricted GH TG group, and a 0+-year-old fully fed GH TG group). When size-matched, the effect of GH transgenesis was not as dramatic, but the feed-rationed TG1+ group exhibited smaller deviations in plasma ion and osmolality levels following seawater exposure than did the other groups, suggesting a somewhat improved hypo-osmoregulatory ability. These results support a role for GH in the development of seawater tolerance by salmonid fishes independent of fish size.

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