Community and Species Responses of Chironomidae (Diptera) to Contamination of Fresh Waters by Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, with Special Reference to the Trail River, Northwest Territories

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1955-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Rosenberg ◽  
A. P. Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Oil Contamination

On oiled and unoiled artificial substrates in the Trail River, Northwest Territories, communities of Chironomidae were different during open-water periods but were similar over the winter. Greater numbers of species and individuals of Orthocladiinae occurred on the oiled than on the unoiled artificial substrates. The reverse was true for Tanypodinae and Chironominae. Ten species of Chironomidae showed a positive response to the presence of oil, 9 species showed a negative response, and 10 species were apparently unaffected. Based on the results of this study and a literature review, 11 species of Chironomidae showing either positive or negative responses to contamination by oil or petroleum products were evaluated for their potential to indicate oil contamination of freshwater ecosystems. Three criteria were used: taxonomic soundness, wide zoogeographic distribution, and numbers in the community. We predict that Nilotanypus fimbriatus (Walk.), Cricotopus bicinctus (Meig.), and C. varipes Coq., individually or as an assemblage, would fulfill this role.

Responses to Crude Oil Contamination by Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus and C. (C.) mackenziensis (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Fort Simpson Area, Northwest Territories

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Rosenberg ◽  
Allen P. Wiens ◽  
Ole A. Sæther
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Head Capsule Width

Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus (Meigen) and C. (C.) mackenziensis Oliver, two common species of Chironomidae in the Fort Simpson area, N.W.T., were examined for changes resulting from experimental field exposure to Norman Wells crude oil. Larvae of both species were always present in higher numbers on oiled than unoiled artificial substrates but numbers of C. bicinctus increased more quickly than C. mackenziensis in response to the oil. Cricotopus mackenziensis larvae occurred in higher numbers than C. bicinctus larvae on unoiled artificial substrates. Cricotopus bicinctus tended to dominate C. mackenziensis on oiled artificial substrates. Size of larvae, as measured by head capsule width, was unaffected by increased food supply during periods of maximum algal biomass on oiled artificial substrates. Larvae on oiled artificial substrates apparently produced part of another generation when compared to larvae on unoiled artificial substrates.

scholarly journals Duration and Gender Variations of Gas Flaring and Crude Oil Contamination Exposures on Blood Pressure in Delta State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. A. Aigbiremolen ◽  
R. N. Ativie ◽  
E. N. Ekene ◽  
K. E. Asemota
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
And Gender

As adverse effects and health implications of human exposures to petroleum products (crude oil) remains an issue of public concern, interests on the different adverse effects on various body system has grown in recent years. Current study investigated the duration and age dependent effect of exposure of the cardiovascular system (CVS) to gas flaring and crude oil contamination in selected communities of Delta State, southern Nigeria. Two Hundred and Forty (240) subjects, who were exposed to gas flaring and crude oil contamination were ethically recruited from Agbarho [Ughelli North Local government Area (LGA)] and Bomadi (Bomadi LGA) in Delta State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) non-exposed individuals were also recruited (control) from Abraka, a non-gas flaring community in Ethiope East LGA of the same state. Thereafter, subjects were matched by gender, age, and duration of stay (exposure) to gas flaring and oil contamination in selected towns. In any case, cardiovascular parameters [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] were measured, while obtaining their pulse and mean arterial pressures (PP and MAP respectively) from measured variables. After statistical analysis (using the student t-test), study observed (at p < .05) a statistically significant increase in SBP and MAP for subjects above 10 years and 6 – 10 years of gas flaring exposure (Experimental groups) compared to those who had been exposed for just 1 – 5 years (Control). Study also observed a statistically significant increase in SBP and DBP (of females) for crude contamination exposed subjects for ages greater than 5 years compared to control. A duration-dependent exposure of subjects to increased SBP and DBP, following exposure to gas flaring and crude oil contamination was thus established. Apparently, exposed males showed an increase in average values of PP, MAP, SBP and DBP than the female counterparts. Study therefore ascertained findings from previous studies relating to cardiovascular changes on gas flaring and crude oil exposed humans; confirming gas flaring and oil contamination as potent elicitors of hypertension. Thus, environmental pollutants may act as markers for the screening and identification of CVS high-risk population, prior to actual diagnosis, intervention and prognosis of hypertension. We recommend periodic epidemiological assessment of environmental pollutants as a factor for indexing municipal risk of hypertensive individuals.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Analyzing the connectedness between crude oil and petroleum products: Evidence from USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Suleman ◽  
Subhan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Products

Development of a plant microbiome bioremediation system for crude oil contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 105401
Author(s):  
Maimona Saeed ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sheeraz ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Plant Microbiome

scholarly journals Comparison of plant growth and remediation potential of pyrochar and thermal desorption for crude oil-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Uzma Shoukat ◽  
Maimona Saeed ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Germination And Growth

AbstractCrude oil contamination is a serious environmental threat for soil and plants growing in it. This study provides the first experimental evidence for comparison of the efficacy of pyrochar (slow pyrolysis biochar), thermal desorption and their combined application for degradation of crude oil contaminated soil (0%, 10%, and 20%), and growth of lettuce under glasshouse conditions. Pyrochar was produced by pyrolysis of sawdust at 350 °C, whereas thermal desorption was done by soil pyrolysis at 500 °C. Soil incubations were done for 120 days. The results of soil analysis showed that the crude oil degradation efficiency for the combined application was highest (40%), whereas pyrochar and thermal desorption was 25% and 19.6%, respectively. The maximum degradation products of crude oil were manifested by the detection of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (ranged between 173 and 422) in the soil with combined application treatment using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Crude oil contamination significantly reduced the germination and growth of the lettuce plants. Similarly, the combined application also improved plant growth by an increase of 24% in germination percentage, 35.5% in seedling vigor index, and 27% in promptness index under 20% crude oil contamination. Remediation caused a significant increase in fresh and dry biomass (40%), leaf area (30%), total chlorophyll (21%), water potential (23.6%), osmotic potential (27%), and membrane stability index (40%). Moreover, there was an increase in the contents of proline (32%), total amino acids (29%), soluble sugars (37%), proteins (27%), and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (19%), catalase (33%) and peroxidase (38%). This study confirmed the efficacy of pyrochar (slow pyrolysis biochar), thermal desorption, and their combined application for crude oil decontamination of soil at laboratory scale and also in improving soil usability by improved germination and growth of lettuce.

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