Effect of Capture Stress on Plasma Enzyme Activities in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bouck ◽  
M. A. Cairns ◽  
A. R. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Plasma Enzyme ◽  
Capture Stress

Four capture methods were used to collect domesticated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): angling, electroshocking, seining, and direct netting (control). Blood was sampled rapidly upon capture, usually within 2 min. No significant differences were noted within the time frame of the experiment between the four capture groups for plasma protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or leucine aminonaphthylamidase activity. Creatine phosphokinase activity was elevated among electroshocked fish. Acid phosphatase activity was too low for accurate measurement. Hematocrits were significantly elevated by capture struggles. These results indicate that these capture methods do not preclude the use of plasma enzyme levels for investigating the health of wild fish. Key words: plasma enzyme, capture stress, physiology, plasma protein, rainbow trout, lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminonaphthylamidase, creatine phosphokinase

Swimming Stamina Differences Between Genotypically Distinct Forms of Rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and Steelhead Trout

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
S. N. Williscroft
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Time Required

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldhHαA and ldhHαB were artificially propagated and their swimming stamina compared. The time required to fatigue 50% of the HαAHαA phenotypes in fixed water velocity tests was 2.3 times greater on the average than that of HαAHαB phenotypes.Likewise, LDH phenotypes HαAHαA, HαAHαB, and HαAHαB of steelhead trout from the Thompson River were artifically propagated and their swimming stamina compared. In contrast to the rainbow trout, significant differences in stamina among the three phenotypes of steelhead were not evident in the stocks from this river nor between phenotypes HαAHαB and HαBHαB from another stream, the Vedder River, which has a very low frequency of the ldhHαA allele. The stamina of young steelhead from the Thompson River was, however, 3.8 times greater than that of those from the Vedder River. Key words: stamina, LDH, rainbow trout, steelhead, phenotype, swimming, fatigue

Differential Response to Water Current by Two Homozygous LDH Phenotypes of Young Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
B. W. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Downstream Movement

Above-waterfall, wild stocks of rainbow trout fry homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldh HαA and ldh HαB were artificially propagated, and their response to water current was compared in experimental channels permitting upstream or downstream movement. Although HαA HαA phenotypes showed significantly more upstream movement than HαB HαB phenotypes in tests made under lighted conditions and less downstream movement in darkness, these differences in behavior cannot necessarily be ascribed to the ldh Hα locus. Implications to control of current responses in trout maintaining populations above waterfalls impassible to upstream migration are discussed.Key words: current response, LDH, rainbow trout, migratory behavior

Concentrations of Leucine Aminonaphthylamidase (LAN) and Soluble Protein in Tissues of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Bouck
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
Tissue Equivalent

The levels of soluble protein (Biuret-reactive) and levels of leucine aminonaphthylamidase (LAN, 3.4.1.1) were determined quantitatively in extracts of 10 organs from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Soluble protein had a very discrete distribution and averaged 5.2 times more concentrated in liver than in blood plasma (3.5 g/100 mL). LAN was present in the extract of every tissue except saline-washed brain. LAN activity was highest in hindgut, 36 more times more concentrated than in the plasma of healthy fish. Wasting disorders such as caused by stress, would likely increase the level of necrosis which in turn would increase the amount of LAN in plasma. I propose that a "tissue equivalent" unit of LAN to provide a means of relating increased LAN in plasma to an amount of liver destruction in vitro that would render a similar amount of LAN.Key words: plasma enzymes, stress, plasma protein, rainbow trout, leucine aminonaphthylamidase, fish physiology

Lactate Dehydrogenase Systems of Rainbow Trout — Evidence for Polymorphism in Liver and Additional Subunits in Gills

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Williscroft ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
The West ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Common Stocks ◽  
Kootenay Lake

Three lactate dehydrogenase phenotypes, CC, CC′, and C′C′, were encountered in the livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) resident in Kokanee Creek, which flows into the west arm of Kootenay Lake, B.C. The rare subunit C occurred in high frequency in specimens from this area. Two additional lactate dehydrogenase subunits, designated E1 and E2 in this study, and not reported previously, were found in the gill tissues of common stocks of rainbow trout homozygous for the C′C′ phenotype, raising the total number of molecular species, based on 10 electrophoretically distinct subunits, to at least 23 for this species.

Meristic and Lactate Dehydrogenase Genotype Differences in Stream Populations of Rainbow Trout Below and Above a Waterfall

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
S. N. Williscroft ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Phenotypic Forms

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from above a waterfall on Kokanee Creek had significantly higher average number of parr marks and scale rows but lower number of vertebrae compared with those living below the falls. Three phenotypic forms of liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were recognized in Kokanee Creek rainbow trout (two single-banded homozygous forms CC and C′C′ and a five-banded heterozygous form CC′), apparently under the control of a two allele system. Homozygote CC was predominant in trout from the above falls population and homozygote C′C′ was predominant in those from below the falls. Possible origins of meristic and LDH differences between above- and below-falls populations are discussed and their significance to differences in behaviour, particularly migratory, are considered.

Distribution of LDH-B″ Gene in Resident and Anadromous Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Streams in British Columbia

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huzyk ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Skeena River

The B″ subunit of lactate dehydrogenase from the liver tissue of wild populations of resident rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from the Loon and Pennask Lake areas has been found in a frequency of 0.400–0.800. An electrophoretically identical subunit was found in similar proportions in anadromous steelhead trout from the Thompson River, and from the Coquihala River in considerably smaller proportions. Steelhead from some coastal streams in and near Vancouver and Vancouver Island, and other selected streams from the Fraser and Skeena river systems generally revealed a very low frequency of less than 0.1.

scholarly journals Free and Total Calcium Concentrations in the Blood of Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, During ‘Stress’ Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
PETER ANDREASEN
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Intense Activity

Measurements were made of the free and total calcium concentrations ([Ca2+] and Cat), acid-base status, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and plasma protein concentration in the blood of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. In isolated blood, [Ca2+] was proportional to Cat while log[Ca2+] was inversely proportional to pH. Similar findings have been reported from human blood. During intense activity, [Ca2+] increased by 16% without any significant change in Cat. Neither sustained exercise, hypercapnic acidosis nor hypoxia affected [Ca2+] or Cat. These data indicate that during common natural stress conditions [Ca2+] is maintained within a narrow range.

Relative Contributions of Dietary and Waterborne Zinc in the Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Spry ◽  
P. V. Hodson ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Waterborne Zinc

Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were fed purified diets with zinc concentrations ranging from deficient to excessive (1, 90, 590 μg Zn∙g−1) and simultaneously exposed to a range of waterborne [Zn] (7, 39, 148, 529 μg Zn∙L−1). After 1 wk, fish fed the deficient diet, at ambient waterborne [Zn], had low plasma [Zn] which decreased further during the 16-wk experiment. Growth ceased after 12 wk; hematocrit and plasma protein were depressed. Both whole body [Zn] and body burden decreased by 16 wk, but most other elements were elevated. Increasing waterborne [Zn] alone increased plasma [Zn], whole body [Zn], and growth in a graded manner and normalized hematocrit, plasma protein, and other whole body elements. Increasing dietary [Zn] to 90 μg Zn∙g−1 at ambient waterborne [Zn] prevented depression of plasma [Zn] and permitted normal growth and whole body [Zn]. Zinc uptake from water, probably across the gills, was independent of uptake from the diet since at any dietary [Zn], increasing the waterborne [Zn] resulted in increased whole body [Zn]. Even when dietary [Zn] was adequate, the waterborne contribution was as high as 57%, and 100% when the dietary [Zn] was deficient. There were no toxic effects on any of the variables measured.

Tests for Association of Transferrin and Lactate Dehydrogenase Phenotypes with Weight Gain in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2333-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Reinitz
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Tests For Association

Transferrin (Tf) phenotype was associated with weight gain in 147- and 230-day-old rainbow trout, but no association was found between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) phenotype and weight gain. A total of 2038 progeny were examined from two different environments. Progeny lots were reared at densities below those known to affect mean fish weights. Differential survival among progeny with respect to their Tf of LDH phenotype was not detected. Key words: biochemical genetic markers, economic performance, transferrin, lactate dehydrogenase, weight gain

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