Distribution of LDH-B″ Gene in Resident and Anadromous Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Streams in British Columbia

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huzyk ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Skeena River

The B″ subunit of lactate dehydrogenase from the liver tissue of wild populations of resident rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from the Loon and Pennask Lake areas has been found in a frequency of 0.400–0.800. An electrophoretically identical subunit was found in similar proportions in anadromous steelhead trout from the Thompson River, and from the Coquihala River in considerably smaller proportions. Steelhead from some coastal streams in and near Vancouver and Vancouver Island, and other selected streams from the Fraser and Skeena river systems generally revealed a very low frequency of less than 0.1.

Swimming Stamina Differences Between Genotypically Distinct Forms of Rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and Steelhead Trout

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
S. N. Williscroft
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Time Required

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldhHαA and ldhHαB were artificially propagated and their swimming stamina compared. The time required to fatigue 50% of the HαAHαA phenotypes in fixed water velocity tests was 2.3 times greater on the average than that of HαAHαB phenotypes.Likewise, LDH phenotypes HαAHαA, HαAHαB, and HαAHαB of steelhead trout from the Thompson River were artifically propagated and their swimming stamina compared. In contrast to the rainbow trout, significant differences in stamina among the three phenotypes of steelhead were not evident in the stocks from this river nor between phenotypes HαAHαB and HαBHαB from another stream, the Vedder River, which has a very low frequency of the ldhHαA allele. The stamina of young steelhead from the Thompson River was, however, 3.8 times greater than that of those from the Vedder River. Key words: stamina, LDH, rainbow trout, steelhead, phenotype, swimming, fatigue

Differential Response to Water Current by Two Homozygous LDH Phenotypes of Young Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
B. W. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Downstream Movement

Above-waterfall, wild stocks of rainbow trout fry homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldh HαA and ldh HαB were artificially propagated, and their response to water current was compared in experimental channels permitting upstream or downstream movement. Although HαA HαA phenotypes showed significantly more upstream movement than HαB HαB phenotypes in tests made under lighted conditions and less downstream movement in darkness, these differences in behavior cannot necessarily be ascribed to the ldh Hα locus. Implications to control of current responses in trout maintaining populations above waterfalls impassible to upstream migration are discussed.Key words: current response, LDH, rainbow trout, migratory behavior

Effect of Capture Stress on Plasma Enzyme Activities in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bouck ◽  
M. A. Cairns ◽  
A. R. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Plasma Enzyme ◽  
Capture Stress

Four capture methods were used to collect domesticated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): angling, electroshocking, seining, and direct netting (control). Blood was sampled rapidly upon capture, usually within 2 min. No significant differences were noted within the time frame of the experiment between the four capture groups for plasma protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or leucine aminonaphthylamidase activity. Creatine phosphokinase activity was elevated among electroshocked fish. Acid phosphatase activity was too low for accurate measurement. Hematocrits were significantly elevated by capture struggles. These results indicate that these capture methods do not preclude the use of plasma enzyme levels for investigating the health of wild fish. Key words: plasma enzyme, capture stress, physiology, plasma protein, rainbow trout, lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminonaphthylamidase, creatine phosphokinase

Lactate Dehydrogenase Systems of Rainbow Trout — Evidence for Polymorphism in Liver and Additional Subunits in Gills

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Williscroft ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
The West ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Common Stocks ◽  
Kootenay Lake

Three lactate dehydrogenase phenotypes, CC, CC′, and C′C′, were encountered in the livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) resident in Kokanee Creek, which flows into the west arm of Kootenay Lake, B.C. The rare subunit C occurred in high frequency in specimens from this area. Two additional lactate dehydrogenase subunits, designated E1 and E2 in this study, and not reported previously, were found in the gill tissues of common stocks of rainbow trout homozygous for the C′C′ phenotype, raising the total number of molecular species, based on 10 electrophoretically distinct subunits, to at least 23 for this species.

Meristic and Lactate Dehydrogenase Genotype Differences in Stream Populations of Rainbow Trout Below and Above a Waterfall

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
S. N. Williscroft ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Phenotypic Forms

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from above a waterfall on Kokanee Creek had significantly higher average number of parr marks and scale rows but lower number of vertebrae compared with those living below the falls. Three phenotypic forms of liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were recognized in Kokanee Creek rainbow trout (two single-banded homozygous forms CC and C′C′ and a five-banded heterozygous form CC′), apparently under the control of a two allele system. Homozygote CC was predominant in trout from the above falls population and homozygote C′C′ was predominant in those from below the falls. Possible origins of meristic and LDH differences between above- and below-falls populations are discussed and their significance to differences in behaviour, particularly migratory, are considered.

Possible Adaptive Significance of Certain Enzyme Polymorphisms in Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Redding ◽  
C. B. Schreck
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Juvenile Trout

In experimentally reared winter steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) fry, mean weights, lengths, and condition factors of three isozyme phenotypes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme differed significantly. Time of emergence from the gravel was unrelated to LDH phenotype. Relative mortality of the phenotypes between eyed-egg stage and emergence was unaffected by different subgravel conditions of temperature and dissolved oxygen. Differential tolerance to acute challenges of high temperature and low dissolved oxygen was observed between phenotypes of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme and LDH in juvenile trout. Parental effects may have biased the result for LDH. Differences between IDH phenotypes may be related to intrinsic properties of variant isozymes. Key words: isozymes, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, temperature, dissolved oxygen, adaptive significance, Salmo gairdneri

Tests for Association of Transferrin and Lactate Dehydrogenase Phenotypes with Weight Gain in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2333-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Reinitz
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Tests For Association

Transferrin (Tf) phenotype was associated with weight gain in 147- and 230-day-old rainbow trout, but no association was found between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) phenotype and weight gain. A total of 2038 progeny were examined from two different environments. Progeny lots were reared at densities below those known to affect mean fish weights. Differential survival among progeny with respect to their Tf of LDH phenotype was not detected. Key words: biochemical genetic markers, economic performance, transferrin, lactate dehydrogenase, weight gain

ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN FOUR STRAINS OF DOMESTICATED RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Busack ◽  
Richard Halliburton ◽  
G. A. E. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
High Level

A total of 1462 rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) representing four California domestic strains, were examined electrophoretically at 24 gene loci to investigate the amount of genetic variability within strains and genetic differentiation between strains, relative to wild populations. Estimated heterozygosities of 0.071 to 0.134 were similar to those reported for wild populations and thus indicated that the domestic strains were at least as variable as wild populations. Genetic distances between strains ranged from 0.011 to 0.067, values typical of the level of differentiation observed between local conspecific populations in a variety of organisms. It was suggested that this high level of heterozygosity is due to mixing of populations in the strains' histories and perhaps also to balancing selection.

Changes in Blood Chemistry of Juvenile Steelhead Trout, Salmo gairdneri, Following Sublethal Exposure to Nitrogen Supersaturation

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1953-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase

Groups of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed for 35 days to various (103, 105, 110, and 116%) sublethal nitrogen plus argon saturations. Pooled serum samples were analyzed for Ca, Na, PO4, K, Cl, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase. An increase in serum potassium and phosphate, and a decline in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, total protein and alkaline phosphatase were noted in steelhead exposed to 116% nitrogen (N2 + Ar) saturation (total atmospheric gas saturation 110%). No major changes in blood chemistry were observed at nitrogen saturations of 110% or less.

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