Juvenile Salmon Residency in a Marsh Area of the Fraser River Estuary

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Levy ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Tidal Channels ◽  
Marsh Area ◽  
Salmon Juvenile

Large numbers of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum salmon (O. keta), and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) were present within tidal channels of a marsh area in the Fraser Estuary between March and June 1978. The tidal channels investigated dewatered at low tide, necessitating daily emigrations by juvenile salmon out of the channels. While pink fry emigrated from tidal channels at the early and middle stages of ebbing tides, most chum and chinook fry emigrated near the later stages of ebbing tides. Mark–recapture studies demonstrated that chinook and chum fry resided temporarily in the marsh prior to migrating into the Pacific Ocean and returned to the same channel on several tidal cycles. Pink fry were abundant in the channels, but appeared to be transient. Chinook and chum showed an increase in average length which was attributable to estuarine growth.Key words: chinook salmon, chum salmon, pink salmon, juvenile residency, marsh tidal channel, Fraser Estuary, estuary growth

Predator–Prey Relationships for Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Feeding on Zooplankton in "in situ" Enclosures

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl K. English
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Successful Search ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were raised in 90-m3 mesh enclosures in Saanich Inlet, B.C. The enclosures permitted ample water and zooplankton circulation while retaining 5–6 g juvenile salmon. Mean growth rate was 1.8% wet body weight/d over 6 wk. Weekly growth rates ranged from 3.9%/d while food was abundant, to −0.5%/d when food was scarce. Zooplankton concentration inside and outside enclosures without fish were not significantly different. Organisms associated with the sides of the enclosures (non-pelagic) were not a major contributor to the growth of the juvenile chinook. There was a strong relationship between the fish growth rates and the abundance of 1.4- to 4.5-mm zooplankton. Rates of successful search varied directly with the size and inherent contrast of a prey item. The minimum rate of successful search was 2.3 m3/h for salmon feeding on 1.4- to 4.5-mm zooplankton. This rate of successful search, while far greater than previously suspected, is still within the visual capabilities of the juvenile salmon. The enclosed salmon grew rapidly on zooplankton concentrations that were 1/1000 of those required to sustain similar growth rates in tank experiments.Key words: predator–prey relationship, planktivorous salmonid, marine, "in situ" enclosures, search efficiency

Food and Habitat Utilization by Juvenile Salmonids in the Campbell River Estuary

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
I. K. Birtwell ◽  
G. M. Kruzynski
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Outer Estuary

Salmonid behaviour and abundance in several microhabitats within the Campbell River estuary was observed monthly, from May to July, by divers using snorkels and face masks. Concurrent vertical profiles of physical and biological parameters at each microhabitat were taken to characterize habitats frequented by the fish. Data were collected at high and low tide to record behavioural reactions to changes in water velocity, salinity, and temperature associated with tidal height and salt wedge intrusion. Samples of plankton collected at each microhabitat were compared with stomach contents of salmonids caught nearby to determine if interspecific differences in diet could be correlated with differences in the habitats they occupied. Fish occurred in loose assemblages, aligned with the current, feeding near estuarine banks. As water velocities increased with the ebbing tide, the fish concentrated in a shear region near the mouth of a slough and behind large rocks and submerged vegetation. At both high and low tide, larger coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (usually hatchery reared) were in deeper, frequently more saline water and further from shore than the smaller conspecifics. Hatchery chinook, however, were also seen in sloughs where water velocity was low. Marine influence as reflected in plankton composition and salmonid diet was greater in the outer estuary and in the deep salt water that intrudes the inner regions of the estuary. Differences in the habitats occupied by the fish were reflected in differences in their diets.

Comparison of the effect of salmon gonadotropin administered by pellet implantation or injection on sexual development of juvenile male pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin N. MacKinnon ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha

In juvenile male pink salmon complete maturity was induced by September in the year of hatching by both pellet implantation (once per 3 weeks) and injection (thrice weekly) of 1.0μg of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gonadotropin per gram body weight. Time of onset of mitotic division of spermatogonia and rate of spermatogenesis were accelerated in the precociously mature testes. Similar doses of salmon gonadotropin injected at longer time intervals (once per week and once per 2 weeks) resulted in slower maturation.

Induction of precocious sexual development in female pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Funk ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Ovarian Maturation ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Acceleration of ovarian maturation was achieved in immature pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) with injections of chinook (spring) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gonadotropin alone, and in combination with estradiol 17β. Oocytes containing yolk globules were evident in fish treated three times per week with 1.0 μg/g body weight salmon gonadotropin in combination with 1.5 μg/g body weight estradiol 17β for 126 days. After 168 days they were also seen in salmon treated with the same dosage of salmon gonadotropin alone. Estradiol 17β alone, at a dosage of 15 μg/g body weight, or in combination with salmon gonadotropin, inhibited vitellogenesis. Formation of oocytes 2 mm in diameter required [Formula: see text] months of treatment with 1.0 μg/g body weight salmon gonadotropin in combination with 1.5 μg/g body weight estradiol 17β, and 9 months of injections with 1.0 μg/g body weight gonadotropin alone. Few large yolky oocytes were developed by any of the treatments. Large numbers of preovulatory corpora atretica were observed in all treated fish.Only a small amount of histochemically demonstrable Δ5-3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was present in ovaries from pink or chinook salmon juveniles treated for 3 months with various dosages of salmon gonadotropin.

Juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, use of the Elwha river estuary prior to dam removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
J. Anne Shaffer ◽  
Justin Brown ◽  
Nicole Harris ◽  
Chris Byrnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dam Removal ◽  
Elwha River ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Differential Use of the Campbell River Estuary, British Columbia by Wild and Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Levings ◽  
C. D. McAllister ◽  
B. D. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
Marine Zone

From March 1982 to December 1983, juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were sampled by beach-seine in the Campbell River estuary and adjacent waters of Discovery Passage in order to examine estuarine use by wild and hatchery stocks. Wild juvenile chinook entered the estuary as migrant fry and were present in the estuarine zone mainly in late April to June, in the transition zone in mid-May to July, and in the marine zone in July. Hatchery fish were released from early May to early July. Maximum catches of wild stocks were similar in the estuarine and transition zones, while the maximum catches of most hatchery stocks were higher in the transition zone. For both wild and hatchery chinook, catches in the marine zone were much lower than in the estuarine and transition zones. Wild fry resided in the estuary for 40–60 d, while most hatchery fish used the estuary for about one-half this period. Wild stocks showed a relatively constant rate of increase in mean size from May to September. Higher rates of increase in the mean size of hatchery fish were shown by groups with earlier release dates and smaller mean sizes. Residency time and growth rates for wild fish were comparable with those observed in an estuary without hatchery fish. Potential for interaction between wild and hatchery stocks was greatest in the transition zone, where hatchery fish were most abundant and because hatchery releases occurred when catches of wild fish were highest in this foreshore area.

Tidal movements and residency of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an Oregon salt marsh channel

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Hering ◽  
Daniel L. Bottom ◽  
Earl F. Prentice ◽  
Kim K. Jones ◽  
Ian A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Salt Marsh Habitat ◽  
Tidal Cycles ◽  
Insight Into

A novel application of full-duplex passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology was used to investigate movements of individual subyearling Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; fork length ≥ 60 mm) into and out of tidally flooded salt marsh habitat in the Salmon River estuary, Oregon, USA. PIT interrogation was effective, with mean tag detection ≥ 92%. Salmon movement peaked late during both flood and ebb tide periods, indicating that salmon did not drift passively. Most movements were in the direction of tidal currents, but 20% of individuals entered the channel against the ebbing tide. Individuals occupied the intertidal channel for a median 4.9 h and as long as 8.9 h per tidal cycle, and few were detected moving when water depth was <0.4 m. Some individuals used the channel on multiple successive tidal cycles, and others entered intermittently over periods of up to 109 days. Using an individual-based approach, we characterized diversity of juvenile Chinook salmon behavior within a marsh channel, providing insight into the value of such habitats for conservation and restoration of salmon populations.

scholarly journals Juvenile life-history diversity and population stability of spring Chinook salmon in the Willamette River basin, Oregon

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kirk Schroeder ◽  
Luke D. Whitman ◽  
Brian Cannon ◽  
Paul Olmsted
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Willamette River ◽  
June July ◽  
Willamette River Basin

Migratory and rearing pathways of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were documented in the Willamette River basin to identify life histories and estimate their contribution to smolt production and population stability. We identified six primary life histories that included two phenotypes for early migratory tactics: fry that migrated up to 140–200 km shortly after emergence (movers) and fish that reared for 8–16 months in natal areas (stayers). Peak emigration of juvenile salmon from the Willamette River was in June–July (subyearling smolts), March–May (yearling smolts), and November–December (considered as “autumn smolts”). Alternative migratory behaviors of juvenile salmon were associated with extensive use of diverse habitats that eventually encompassed up to 400 rkm of the basin, including tributaries in natal areas and large rivers. Juvenile salmon that reared in natal reaches and migrated as yearlings were the most prevalent life history and had the lowest temporal variability. However, the total productivity of the basin was increased by the contribution of fish with dispersive life histories, which represented over 50% of the total smolt production. Life-history diversity reduced the variability in the total smolt population by 35% over the weighted mean of individual life histories, providing evidence of a considerable portfolio effect through the asynchronous contributions of life histories. Protecting and restoring a diverse suite of connected habitats in the Willamette River basin will promote the development and expression of juvenile life histories, thereby providing stability and resilience to native salmon populations.

A Field Experiment to Test the Importance of Estuaries for Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Survival: Short-Term Results

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Colin D. Levings ◽  
Carey D. McAllister ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Estuarine Site ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Marine Site ◽  
River Estuarine ◽  
Seawater Challenge

In late April of 1983, 1984, and 1985, 140 000 marked chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts (2–4 g) were transported by helicopter from Quinsam Hatchery to four release sites near Campbell River, B.C. (river, estuarine, transition, and marine), in an experiment to test the importance of estuarine residency to chinook survival. At the marine site, fish were released directly into seawater. These fish had high cortisol levels and larger interrenal nuclear diameters than those at the estuarine site, indicating a transitory stress response to seawater exposure. Nevertheless, there was little direct mortality due to stress or osmoregulatory shock at any of the release sites. Marine-released fish were exposed to more bird and fish predators. Mortality of caged chinook was higher at the marine location than at all other sites despite seawater challenge tests indicating that the chinook were smolted and "ready for sea." Beach seine data obtained biweekly for 4 mo after the releases showed that fish released directly into marine waters rarely dispersed to the Campbell River estuary. Fish released immediately adjacent to the mouth of the estuary (transition zone) had the widest immediate dispersal pattern, with many of them returning to the estuary. Estuarine zone fish displayed the most restricted distribution. Fish released to the river and estuary remained in the sampling area for a longer period (34–47 d) than those released in the marine or transition zone (20–23 d).

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