Role of Marine Phytoplankton in Determining the Chemical Speciation and Biogeochemical Cycling of Arsenic

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S2) ◽  
pp. s192-s196 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Geochemical Cycle ◽  
Arsenic Reduction

Biological mediation of arsenic speciation in marine systems is substantial and significant. Phytoplankton reduce and methylate arsenic, thus altering its geochemical cycle. Rates of arsenic reduction and methylation are proportional to the primary productivity of the ecosystem. In highly productive ecosystems, up to 80% of the total arsenic pool may undergo reduction and methylation. Experiments detailing rates of reduction have been performed in controlled marine ecosystems. Predictions of arsenic speciation based on these results agree well with actual samples taken from coastal areas. The form of reduced arsenic present varies between regions and temporally within regions, probably because of differences in phytoplankton community structure.

scholarly journals Development of a cost-effective metabarcoding strategy for analysis of the marine phytoplankton community

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Ho Yoon ◽  
Hye-Eun Kang ◽  
Chang-Keun Kang ◽  
Sang Heon Lee ◽  
Do-Hwan Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Novel Strategy

We developed a cost-effective metabarcoding strategy to analyze phytoplankton community structure using the Illumina MiSeq system. The amplicons (404--411 bp) obtained by end-pairing of two reads were sufficiently long to distinguish algal species and provided barcode data equivalent to those generated with the Roche 454 system, but at less than 1/20th of the cost. The original universal primer sequences targeting the 23S rDNA region and the PCR strategy were both modified, and this resulted in higher numbers of eukaryotic algal sequences by excluding non-photosynthetic proteobacterial sequences supporting effectiveness of this strategy. The novel strategy was used to analyze the phytoplankton community structure of six water samples from the East/Japan Sea: surface and 50 m depths at coastal and open-sea sites, with collections in May and July 2014. In total, 345 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, which covered most of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal phyla, including Dinophyta, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, Streptophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, and Cyanophyta. This highlights the importance of plastid 23S primers, which perform better than the currently used 16S primers for phytoplankton community surveys. The findings also revealed that more efforts should be made to update 23S rDNA sequences as well as those of 16S in the databases. Analysis of algal proportions in the six samples showed that community structure differed depending on location, depth and season. Across the six samples evaluated, the numbers of OTUs in each phylum were similar but their relative proportions varied. This novel strategy would allow laboratories to analyze large numbers of samples at reasonable expense, whereas this has not been possible to date due to cost and time. In addition, we expect that this strategy will generate a large amount of novel data that could potentially change established methods and tools that are currently used in the realms of oceanography and marine ecology.

Community Structure and Environmental Adaptation of Phytoplankton in Yangmeikeng Artificial Reef Area in Daya Bay, South China Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Xiu Li Liao ◽  
Pi Mao Chen ◽  
Sheng Wei Ma ◽  
Hai Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Daya Bay ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Reef Area

Seasonal species composition, abundance variations of phytoplankton were investigated during six cruises conducted in Yangmeikeng artificial reef area in Daya Bay, between April 1997 and May 1999. The results showed that there were 181 species of phytoplankton were identified and most belong to diatom species. The seasonal change of species and dominant species were obvious. Phytoplankton abundance was on the trend of rising with diatom dominated which showed that the artificial reef putted in this area played a role in promoting the primary productivity. TheK-dominance curve suggested that the community diversity of the phytoplankton decreased from May 2008, August 2008, April 2007, May 2009, March 2008 to November 2008, and the range of seasonal variations were obvious, which showed that the phytoplankton community structure was unstable. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the abundance and spatial distribution of phytoplankton were affected greatly by the water temperature, salinity, transparency, suspended matter and dissolved oxygen.

scholarly journals Impacts of Aerosol Copper on Marine Phytoplankton: A Review

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Yang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Shengqian Zhou ◽  
Haowen Li
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Seawater Chemistry ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

Atmospheric deposition brings both nutrients and toxic components to the surface ocean, resulting in important impacts on phytoplankton. Field and lab studies have been done on the iron (Fe) fertilization on marine phytoplankton. However, studies on other trace metals are limited. Both bioassay experiments and field observations have suggested that aerosols with high copper (Cu) concentrations can negatively affect the primary productivity and change phytoplankton community structure. Note that with increasing human activities and global environmental changes (e.g., ocean acidification, warming, deoxygenation, etc.), the input of aerosol Cu could exceed toxicity thresholds at certain times or in some sensitive oceanic regions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on aerosol Cu and marine phytoplankton studies by summarizing (1) physiological effects and toxicity thresholds of Cu to various phytoplankton taxa, (2) interactions between Cu and other metals and major nutrients, and (3) global distribution of surface seawater Cu and atmospheric Cu. We suggest that studies on aerosols, seawater chemistry, and phytoplankton should be integrated for understanding the impacts of aerosol Cu on marine phytoplankton, and thereafter the air–sea interaction via biogeochemical processes.

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