Role of Fish in Regulation of Plant and Animal Communities in Eutrophic Ponds

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1851-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig N. Spencer ◽  
Darren L. King
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Cladoceran Zooplankton ◽  
Animal Communities

Alteration of fish communities resulted in marked changes in the Zooplankton, phytoplankton, and benthic plant communities in nutrient-rich ponds. In ponds containing dense populations of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans), intense fish predation resulted in sparse cladoceran zooplankton populations and turbid water dominated by dense blue-green algal blooms. In ponds containing no fish, or dense populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), abundant Cladocera reduced phytoplankton densities through heavy grazing, and these ponds were characterized by clear water and dense growths of Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton spp., and Cladophora sp. Manipulation of fish populations to control unwanted algal blooms in shallow eutrophic lakes may yield dense growths of equally undesirable macrophytes and periphyton.

Impacts of Agricultural Nutrient Loading on Finnish Watercourses

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kauppi ◽  
O.-P. Pietiläinen ◽  
S. Knuuttila
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Eutrophication of lakes, rivers and coastal waters is the main environmental problem caused by agriculture in Finland. Water quality of most Finnish watercourses is good or excellent, but in the intensively cultivated region of southern and western Finland the turbidity of water as well as algal blooms are a common problem. Generally, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for primary production in Finnish lakes, but in eutrophic lakes and coastal waters the role of nitrogen becomes more important. Nitrogen from agriculture enters the watercourses mainly in dissolved form. By contrast, most phosphorus is transported in association with small particles. According to bioassays the algal availability of this paniculate P is very low. Therefore, the eutrophying effect of agriculture can be estimated on the basis of dissolved nutrients. In shallow lakes, typical in agricultural regions, the release of dissolved P from the bottom sediment often induces the development of N2-fixing blue- green algal blooms. In some cases the internal load may exceed the external load. For the recovery of such a lake the introduction of better agricultural practices in the drainage basin has to be coupled with in-lake measures.

Toxin Release from Microcystis Aeruginosa after Chemical Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Kenefick ◽  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
H. G. Peterson ◽  
E. E. Prepas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Green Algal

Cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) blooms in agricultural dugouts and eutrophic lakes or reservoirs are common across the Canadian prairies. These blooms have caused livestock and wildlife poisonings that have been attributed to neurotoxins and/or hepatotoxins produced by various species of cyanobacteria. The hepatotoxins are extremely potent acute poisons. For example, microcystin LR has an LD50 of 50 µg/kg, by intraperitoneal injection, in mice. Hepatotoxins may also pose chronic health risks. Consequently, their presence in drinking water sources is attracting increasing attention. Chemical treatment with copper sulfate is the most common technique used to control algal blooms in drinking water reservoirs. Application of lime (calcium hydroxide) is an alternative treatment for the control of blooms. The effects of copper sulfate versus lime treatment on the release of microcystin LR from a naturally occurring bloom, involving three species of cyanobacteria including toxin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa, were studied. Water samples collected after chemical treatment of algal bloom material were monitored for microcystin LR at specific time intervals. In three replicate trials, the cells treated with coppa- sulfate released the majority of the toxin present within cellular biomass during the first three days after treatment. Substantial toxin release was not observed when cells were untreated (control) or treated with lime. After release, the persistence of microcystin LR was monitored. The aqueous toxin concentrations declined according to first order kinetics with a decay constant of 0.25 d−1. The experimental conditions, involving high biomass content, may have favoured toxin degradation. The microcystin LR half life, under laboratory conditions, was 3 d from the time of maximum toxin release (2 to 4 d after chemical treatment), meaning that a 99% reduction would take approximately 3 weeks. These findings indicate that copper sulfate should not be used to treat potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms in waters to be consumed by humans or animals within several weeks following treatment.

scholarly journals Earth observation for monitoring and mapping of cyanobacteria blooms. Case studies on five Italian lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Bresciani ◽  
Claudia Giardino ◽  
Rosaria Lauceri ◽  
Erica Matta ◽  
Ilaria Cazzaniga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Chl A

Cyanobacterial blooms occur in many parts of the world as a result of entirely natural causes or human activity. Due to their negative effects on water resources, efforts are made to monitor cyanobacteria dynamics. This study discusses the contribution of remote sensing methods for mapping cyanobacterial blooms in lakes in northern Italy. Semi-empirical approaches were used to flag scum and cyanobacteria and spectral inversion of bio-optical models was adopted to retrieve chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations. Landsat-8 OLI data provided us both the spatial distribution of Chl-a concentrations in a small eutrophic lake and the patchy distribution of scum in Lake Como. ENVISAT MERIS time series collected from 2003 to 2011 enabled the identification of dates when cyanobacterial blooms affected water quality in three small meso-eutrophic lakes in the same region. On average, algal blooms occurred in the three lakes for about 5 days a year, typically in late summer and early autumn. A suite of hyperspectral sensors on air- and space-borne platforms was used to map Chl-a concentrations in the productive waters of the Mantua lakes, finding values in the range of 20 to 100 mgm-3. The present findings were obtained by applying state of the art of methods applied to remote sensing data. Further research will focus on improving the accuracy of cyanobacteria mapping and adapting the algorithms to the new-generation of satellite sensors.

Case Studies on Cultural Eutrophication on Watersheds Around Lakes that Contribute to Toxic Blue-Green Algal Blooms

2020 ◽  
pp. 357-372
Author(s):  
Mary Claire Cooperrider ◽  
Lydia Davenport ◽  
Sydney Goodwin ◽  
Landon Ryden ◽  
Nathan Way ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cultural Eutrophication ◽  
Green Algal

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Microcystins in Blue-Green Algal Blooms

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fun S Chu ◽  
Xuan Huang ◽  
R D Wei
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Recovery Study ◽  
Minimum Detection Level ◽  
Elisa Plate

Abstract A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the freshwater blue-green algal toxin mlcrocystln (MCYST) In algae and water was developed. The assay Involves coating antl-MCYST-variant leuclne-arglnine (LR) antibody to the ELISA plate and the use of MCYST-LRperoxidase as the enzyme marker. The linear portion of the standard curve for MCYST in phosphate buffer containing saline (PBS) was 0.5-10.0 ng/mL (25-500 pg/assay). The minimum detection level for MCYST-LR was 0.20 ng/mL (10 pg/assay). Contaminated water could be directly used In the ELISA. The overall analytical recoveries for MCYST-LR added to water at levels of 1-20 ng/mL was 83.4%. For analysis of cellular MCYST, the toxin was first extracted from the algae with 0.1M ammonium bicarbonate, diluted with PBS to less than 0.5 mg dried algae/mL (<5.0 mg wet welght/mL) and directly used in the ELISA. C-18 reverse-phase Sep-Pak cartridges effectively adsorbed MCYST from the toxln-containlng solutions. The toxin could be recovered from the cartridge by elutlng with 60% methanol. Using this approach, an algae extract that was relatively free of MCYST was prepared and was used in a recovery study. The overall analytical recovery of MCYST added to the algae extract In the range of 0.25-20 ppm was 83% with a coefficient of variation of 11.9%. The detection limit for MCYST In dried algae was about 0.25-0.5 pg/g (0.25-0.5 ppm) lyophlllzed algae sample. This method was applied for the analysis of several naturally occurring algal blooms. Limited samples were also analyzed for MYCST by liquid chromatography. ELISA data were in general agreement with those obtainedby liquid chromatography. MCYST concentrations from 0.006 to 2.9 fig/g (6 to 2900 ppb) and from 26 to 5200 /ig/g (26 ppm to 5200 ppm) were found In water and algae (dried weight), respectively

Carcoar Wetland – A Wetland System for River Nutrient Removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. White ◽  
I. C. Smalls ◽  
P. A. Bek
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Principal Function ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Design Construction

During December, 1991 the NSW Department of Water Resources commenced construction of an artificial wetland at the upstream end of Carcoar Dam near Blayney in central western NSW. The principal function of the wetland is to reduce nutrient inputs, especially phosphorus, from the Belubula River into Carcoar storage and consequently lower the incidence of blue-green algal blooms which occur most summers. The wetland is a multi-faceted project involving substantial research and community involvement. Construction of the wetland weir and levees was completed during April, 1992. Stage one of the wetland planting program ran from October to December, 1992 with stage two scheduled for the same period in 1993. The wetland will not be operational until December, 1993. However, even at this early point in the project, significant experience has been gained in design, construction, planting and establishment of comprehensive community involvement programs for large constructed wetlands on the flood plain. This paper outlines the background to the wetland, the design of the wetland system and its construction primarily as a nutrient removal mechanism in the Belubula River. The paper also outlines the direction of research undertaken and the role and nature of community involvement in various aspects of the project.

scholarly journals Responses of food web to hypolimnetic aeration in Lake Vesijärvi

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 847 (21) ◽  
pp. 4503-4523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Ruuhijärvi ◽  
Tommi Malinen ◽  
Kirsi Kuoppamäki ◽  
Pasi Ala-Opas ◽  
Mika Vinni
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

AbstractWe studied the responses of a food web, especially fish and zooplankton, to summertime aeration, pumping of oxygen-rich epilimnetic water to the hypolimnion in Lake Vesijärvi, southern Finland. The aim of hypolimnetic aeration was to reduce internal loading of phosphorus from sediment. The population of smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.), the main planktivore of the pelagial area, collapsed during the two 1st years of aeration due to increased temperature and low oxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion. The population recovered after the 4th year of hypolimnetic aeration, when oxygen conditions were improved. Despite elevated hypolimnetic temperature, smelt reached exceptionally high abundance, which led to a significant reduction in cladoceran body size. The density of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) increased at first, but then decreased when the proportion of smelt and cyprinids increased. Biomasses of Daphnia decreased probably as a result of the disappearance of dark, low-oxygen deep-water refuge against fish predation and low availability of nutritionally high-quality algae. Occasionally filamentous cyanobacteria, such as turbulence tolerant Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont), were abundant, suggesting deteriorated food resources for zooplankton. The responses of food web were controversial with respect to the aim of the management, which was to prevent the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake District

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dembowska
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Catchment Areas

Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake DistrictThe dominance of blue-green algae observed in many lakes is related to a high trophic level. Shallow eutrophic lakes are particularly often abundant in blue-green algae. The research on phytoplankton, the results of which are presented in this paper, was carried out between 2002 and 2005 in six lakes. These lakes differed considerably in their size and management methods applied in the catchment (drainage) area. A few types of water blooms were distinguished, which is related to the catchment area management, the intensity of mixing and the trophic level. Algal blooms of the Planktothrix type appeared in lakes situated in an open area of agricultural catchment basins. Algal blooms of the Limnothrix type were characteristic of lakes with a forest-agricultural catchment area but surrounded by high shores, which reduced the wind influence on the mixing. Sporadic mixed algal blooms were typical of lakes situated in forest catchment areas.

Role of landuse in the occurrence of blue-green algal blooms

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Kauppi ◽  
S. T. Knuuttila ◽  
K. O. Sandman ◽  
K. Eskonen ◽  
S. Luokkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Green Algal
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