Dissipation of Permethrin in Limnocorrals

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Solomon ◽  
J. Y. Yoo ◽  
D. Lean ◽  
N. K. Kaushik ◽  
K. E. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Secchi Disk ◽  
Secchi Disk Depth ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation

Permethrin (3-phenoxybenzyl(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dimethy[-3-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyciopropanecarboxylate) applied to approximately 100-m3 enclosures (limnocorrals) in a small mesotrophic lake in Southern Ontario (47°51′25″N; 77°25′30″W) at concentrations of 500, 50, 5, and 0.5 μ∙L−1 dissipated from the water rapidly and approximated first-order kinetics in the first 8–12 d. Time taken for 50 and 90% dissipation ranged from 1.65 and 3.65 d, respectively, at 0.5 μ∙L−1 to 3.5 and 6.75 d, respectively, at 50 μ∙L−1. Inter- and intra-seasonal replication of dissipation patterns was good. Rate of dissipation varied slightly with depth, normally being slower at greater depth. Absorption of permethrin to sediments was rapid, penetration shallow, and disappearance slow. Permethrin had no effect on water chemistry but there was an increase in the Secchi disk depth in the treated limnocorrals. Dissolved inorganic carbon decreased in all limnocorrals, including controls after treatment, suggesting precipitation of calcium carbonate which may act as a scavenging agent for permethrin in the water. Limnocorrals are a useful tool for evaluating the behavior of pesticides in the aquatic system.

MARINE BIOGENIC CARBONATES AND RADIOCARBON—A RETROSPECTIVE ON SHELLS AND CORALS WITH AN OUTLOOK ON CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Susanne Lindauer ◽  
Carla S Hadden ◽  
Kita Macario ◽  
Thomas P Guilderson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Marine Carbonates ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Biogenic Carbonates

ABSTRACT Many organisms living in the ocean create tests, shells, or related physical structures of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). As this is most often from dissolved inorganic carbon, using organisms that create calcium carbonate structures for climate research and dating purposes requires knowledge of the origin of carbon that is incorporated. Here, we give a short overview of research on marine carbonates over the last 60 years, especially that based on shell and coral samples. Both shells and corals exhibit annual growth patterns, like trees, and therefore offer possibilities for yearly resolution of past radiocarbon (14C) variations. We concentrate on their evolution in 14C dating including difficulties in determining reservoir ages as well as the possibilities they offer for archaeological dating, oceanography, calibration purposes as well as environmental research in general.

Isotopic and geochemical composition of marl lake waters and implications for radiocarbon dating of marl lake sediments

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Turner ◽  
P. Fritz ◽  
P. F. Karrow ◽  
B. G. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Marl Lake ◽  
Lake Waters

Radiocarbon dates on organic and calcareous fractions of sediment cores from marl lakes may yield anomalous ages due to the assumption of a constant hardwater correction factor along the sediment sequence. A study of eight marl lakes in southern Ontario that are actively precipitating calcium carbonate was conducted in order to assess those isotopic and aqueous geochemical parameters in modern lakes that may be utilized to estimate the history and extent of variations in the hardwater effect along such sediment sequences. Results show an increase in the δ13C composition of lake DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) as approach to isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 occurs. Differences in the extent to which this equilibrium is established also appear responsible for observed differences in the 14C activity of DIC between lakes of as much as 20 pmc (percent modern carbon). These variations have been related to the relative residence times of water in each lake by examination of their corresponding seasonal variations in 18O and 2H content. Consequently δ13C and δ18O of marl and molluscs have been used to identify variations in the hardwater effect along the sediment profile. A profile of radiocarbon dates on marl from Little Lake in southern Ontario shows satisfactory agreement with an independently determined pollen chronology. Where certain criteria are met, marl deposits appear to be suitable material for establishing Quaternary chronology.

scholarly journals Impact of seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on calcification and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera calcite: results from culturing experiments with <i>Ammonia tepida</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dissard ◽  
G. Nehrke ◽  
G. J. Reichart ◽  
J. Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Dissolved Carbon

Abstract. Evidence of increasing concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, especially in the surface ocean and its associated impacts on calcifying organisms, is accumulating. Among these organisms, benthic and planktonic foraminifera are responsible for a large amount of the globally precipitated calcium carbonate. Hence, their response to an acidifying ocean may have important consequences for future inorganic carbon cycling. To assess the sensitivity of benthic foraminifera to changing carbon dioxide levels and subsequent alteration in seawater carbonate chemistry, we cultured specimens of the shallow water species Ammonia tepida at two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (230 and 1900 ppmv) and two temperatures (10 °C and 15 °C). Shell weights and elemental compositions were determined. Impact of high and low pCO2 on elemental composition are compared with results of a previous experiment were specimens were grown under ambient conditions (380 ppvm, no shell weight measurements of specimen grown under ambient conditions are, however, available). Results indicate that shell weights decrease with decreasing [CO32−], although calcification was observed even in the presence of calcium carbonate under-saturation, and also decrease with increasing temperature. Thus both warming and ocean acidification may act to decrease shell weights in the future. Changes in [CO32−] or total dissolved inorganic carbon do not affect the Mg distribution coefficient. On the contrary, Sr incorporation is enhanced under increasing [CO32−]. Implications of these results for the paleoceanographic application of foraminifera are discussed.

A physiological evaluation of carbon sources for calcification in the octocoral Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck).

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (20) ◽  
pp. 2653-2662
Author(s):  
J M Lucas ◽  
L W Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Leptogorgia Virgulata

The union of calcium cations with carbonate anions to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a fundamentally important physiological process of many marine invertebrates, in particular the corals. In an effort to understand the sources and processes of carbon uptake and subsequent deposition as calcium carbonate, a series of studies of the incorporation of 14C-labeled compounds into spicules was undertaken using the soft coral Leptogorgia virgulata. It has been surmised for some time that dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water is used in the biomineralization process. Furthermore, it was suspected that metabolically generated CO2 is also available for calcification. As a means of testing these possible sources of carbon in spicule calcification, key enzymes or transport systems in each pathway were inhibited. First, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was specifically inhibited using acetazolamide. Second, the active transport of bicarbonate was inhibited using DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid). Third, CO2 generation resulting from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle was arrested using iodoacetic acid, which interferes specifically with the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results indicate that dissolved CO2 is the largest source of carbon used in the formation of calcitic sclerites, followed by HCO3- from dissolved inorganic carbon. In L. virgulata, the dissolved inorganic carbon is responsible for approximately 67% of the carbon in the sclerites. The other 33% comes from CO2 generated by glycolysis. Two important conclusions can be drawn from this work. First, carbon for spiculogenesis comes not only from dissolved inorganic carbon in the environment but also from metabolically produced carbon dioxide. While the latter has been theorized, it has never before been demonstrated in octocorals. Second, regardless of the carbon source, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase plays a pivotal role in the physiology of spicule formation in Leptogorgia virgulata.

Multi-isotope (15N, 18O and 13C) indicators of sources and fate of nitrate in the upper stream of Chaobai River, Beijing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2644-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Li ◽  
Yongbin Jiang ◽  
Xinyue Guo ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Hongbing Ji
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
North China ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Beijing China

Dual isotopes of nitrate (15N and 18O) and carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (13C) together with water chemistry were used to identify the sources and fate of nitrate in the upper stream of Chaobai River, north China.

Amorphous and crystalline calcium carbonate phases during carbonation of nanolimes: implications in heritage conservation

CrystEngComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (35) ◽  
pp. 6594-6607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro ◽  
Kerstin Elert ◽  
Radek Ševčík
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Alcohol dispersions of Ca(OH)2nanoparticles, the so-called nanolimes, carbonate in air following first order kinetics,viaa multistep, non-classical crystallization process involving amorphous and crystalline CaCO3phases.

scholarly journals Use of eggshells as a raw material for production of calcium preparations

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolińska Barbara ◽  
Jelińska Marta ◽  
Szulc-Musioł Beata ◽  
Ryszka Florian
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calcium Citrate ◽  
Half Time ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of calcium release from tablets obtained from modified eggshells in the form of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate was investigated. Calcium release showed the first-order kinetics. After 30 min of the experiment, 79.93% of calcium was released from tablets obtained from modified eggshells in the form of calcium citrate, reaching ~100% after 3 hours. For tablets produced with calcium carbonate, these values were 7 and 60%, respectively. The half-time of calcium release from tablets containing calcium citrate was t<sub>50% </sub>= 0.5 h and for tablets containing calcium carbonate it was t<sub>50% </sub>= 2.2 h, so calcium in the form of calcium citrate was released 4 times faster. These results can be connected with different solubility of calcium salts. The hardness of tablets with calcium carbonate was by 30 N lower than the hardness of tablets with calcium citrate. It is associated with particular physicochemical properties of calcium salt. Calcium citrate can exist in several states of hydration while calcium carbonate is anhydrous. These properties have an influence on the hardness of tablets.

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