Effect of Sea-Age on the Reproductive Potential of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Eastern Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Spawning Run

Reproductive potential of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), defined as average eggs per fish in the spawning run, varied three-fold both within stocks over time and among stocks from different geographic areas. Eggs per spawner is a function of fecundity, sea-age, proportion of females, and female size; the latter three traits varied significantly among years for salmon in both the Miramichi and Restigouche Rivers, New Brunswick. Because all of the above traits are related to sea-age at maturity, eggs per spawner was significantly correlated with mean sea-age in both rivers (R2 = 0.88 and 0.61, respectively). Among 10 different populations in eastern Canada, reproductive potential was also correlated with sea-age; for mean sea-ages (MSA) ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 yr, reproductive potential (RP) was defined by the power regression: RP = 1831.26 MSA1.30 (R2 = 0.64 P < 0.05). Thus reproductive potential can be estimated for any population for which the sea-age composition of spawners is known. Assuming a target egg deposition rate of 2.4 × 104 eggs per hectare, required spawners varied inversely with reproductive potential among the 10 populations, from five spawners (MSA = 1.75 yr) to 16 spawners (MSA = 1.15 yr) per hectare.

River-specific target spawning requirements for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on a generalized smolt production model

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Chaput ◽  
J Allard ◽  
F Caron ◽  
J B Dempson ◽  
C C Mullins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Target Values

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) management in eastern Canada is based on ensuring that there is sufficient spawning escapement to meet an egg deposition target that maximizes the production of smolts. Using available egg deposition to smolt production data, we show that the present strategy of basing spawning targets on the presence-absence of lacustrine habitat for the rearing of juvenile salmon is a valid approach. We further show that a general smolt production model that accounts for this difference in available habitat when combined with the biological characteristics of the recruiting adults provides river-specific spawning targets. Targets corresponding to maximum yield tend to be less than half the target values currently used. A target representing the egg deposition for 90% of maximum yield serves as an example of a risk-averse strategy. The lower target values relative to those currently used are in large part determined by low sea survivals. The targets that we derived for four example rivers would correspond to the currently used target egg depositions if the long-term sea survivals were 2-3 times those observed in the last 6 years.

Transferrin Polymorphism in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Møller
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Transferrin Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Agar

Three main patterns of transferrins, made up of two molecular types, were found by starch–agar electrophoresis in plasma of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).Distributions of the observed patterns from progenies of three hatchery matings agreed with expected Mendelian distributions in offspring of known parentage, implying that the bands have their origin in two codominant alleles. In nearly all samples of the wild salmon the genetic basis of transferrin variation was demonstrated by nonsignificant differences between observed and expected distributions when the Hardy–Weinberg formula was applied.Frequencies of the TfA allele differed in samples from different rivers and within the same river; the Atlantic salmon forms genetically different populations. Interchange of stocks probably influenced the values of the different gene frequencies found.

Estimated Escapement of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) for Maximum Smolt Production in Rivers of Different Productivity

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. K. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Game Fish ◽  
Space Requirements

Smolt production at different egg deposition densities is estimated from data on survival rates and space requirements of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reported in the literature. Average maximum production of smolts is estimated to be approximately 5/100 m2 for 2+ smolts, 2/100 m2 for 3+ smolts, and 1/100 m2 for 4+ smolts. Minimum egg depositions recommended for production of these numbers of smolts are 220/100 m2, 165–220/100 m2, and 80/100 m2 for each age of smolts, respectively. The escapement of adults required to produce these depositions must be estimated from observed average weights of returning females and a reported fecundity of Atlantic salmon between 1650 and 1760 eggs/kg of female. With the exception of Ungava rivers, average smolt age in any particular river can be estimated from the number of days per year on which water temperature reaches or exceeds 7 °C. Key words: fishery resources, fishery management, production (biological), escapement, survival, game fish, freshwater fish, rivers

scholarly journals Inferring marine distribution of Canadian and Irish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Atlantic from tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Spares ◽  
Jeffery M. Reader ◽  
Michael J. W. Stokesbury ◽  
Tom McDermott ◽  
Lubomir Zikovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractSpares, A.D., Reader, J.M., Stokesbury, M.J.W., McDermott, T., Zikovsky, L., Avery, T.S., and Dadswell, M.J. 2007. Inferring marine distribution of Canadian and Irish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Atlantic from tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 394–404. Atlantic salmon returning from marine migrations to eastern Canada and western Ireland during 2002 and 2003 were analysed for tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137 (137Cs). Salmon from Canadian and Irish waters demonstrated concentrations (0.20 ± 0.14 Bq kg−1 and 0.19 ± 0.09 Bq kg−1, mean ± s.d., respectively) suggesting similar oceanic feeding distributions during migration. Canadian aquaculture escapees had a similar mean tissue concentration (0.28 ± 0.22 Bq kg−1), suggesting migration with wild salmon. However, significantly higher concentrations in 1-sea-winter (1SW) escapees (0.43 ± 0.25 Bq kg−1) may alternatively suggest feeding within local estuaries. High concentrations in some Canadian 1SW salmon indicated trans-Atlantic migration. Low concentrations of Canadian multi-sea-winter (MSW) salmon suggested a feeding distribution in the Labrador and Irminger Seas before homeward migration, because those regions have the lowest surface water 137Cs levels. Estimates of wild Canadian and Irish salmon feeding east of the Faroes (∼8°W) were 14.2% and 10.0% (1SW, 24.7% and 11.5%; MSW, 2.9% and 0.0%), respectively. We propose that most anadromous North Atlantic salmon utilize the North Atlantic Gyre for marine migration and should be classified as a single trans-Atlantic straddling stock.

Stock-Recruitment Relationship for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland Rivers

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. P. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Indian River

A stock-recruitment relationship was developed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Western Arm Brook, a small Newfoundland river. Supportive evidence was also found on Indian and Little Codroy, two other Newfoundland rivers. On Western Arm Brook, year-class strength of smolts was correlated (P < 0.01) with egg deposition. On Little Codroy River, smolt year-class strength was correlated (P < 0.01) with potential egg deposition of adults counted as kelt. On Indian River egg to fry survival was correlated (P < 0.01) with winter temperature and discharge. On the basis of these findings, the current recommended egg deposition of 2.4 eggs∙m−2 of parr-rearing habitat was considered inadequate for Newfoundland rivers.Key words: stock-recruitment, Atlantic salmon

scholarly journals Restricted matrilineal gene flow and regional differentiation among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations within the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada

Heredity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Verspoor ◽  
M O'sullivan ◽  
A L Arnold ◽  
D Knox ◽  
P G Amiro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Spawning of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in western and northern Scottish rivers: egg deposition by females

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. WEBB ◽  
A. F. YOUNGSON ◽  
C. E. THOMPSON ◽  
D. W. HAY ◽  
M. J. DONAGHY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

scholarly journals The salmon-peloton: hydraulic habitat shifts of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) due to behaviour thermoregulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antóin M O'Sullivan ◽  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
Jaime Leavitt ◽  
Kurt M Samways ◽  
Barret L Kurylyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Restoration Work

In recent decades there has been an increase in conservation and restoration projects targeting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar — AS), as populations in eastern Canada decline. Missing however, is an understanding of thermo-hydraulic habitat use by adult AS during summer, and thus the actual benefits of altering in-river physical structures. Here, we illustrated how optical and thermal infrared (TIR) imagery acquired from a UAV can be used in concert with in-situ depth and velocity data to map adult AS and develop models of thermo–hydraulic habitats in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick. We found during optimal thermal conditions (< 19 °C) proximity to boulders and Froude numbers, a non-dimensional hydraulic metric, were key parameters that characterized adult AS habitat. However, during behavioural thermoregulation events (>19 °C), proximity to the cool thermal plume and Froude number, a non–dimensional hydraulic parameter, were critical controls on habitat use. We also observed AS formed a distinct geometric formation during behavioural thermoregulation events, and term this formation a thermal–peloton. The primary function of the peloton is undoubtedly to reduce thermally induced stressed; however, we conceptualize the geometry of the peloton attenuates hydraulic–drag, and reduces energetic expenditure of individuals practicing behavioural thermoregulation. These data provide an unrivaled viewpoint of thermo-hydraulic habitat selection by adult AS, and a blue print for restoration work. The use of UAV–based sensors has the potential to instigate a paradigm shift for river sciences. The age of applying hyper-resolution, remote sensing for river science and aquatic ecology is immensely exciting.

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