Transferrin Polymorphism in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Møller
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Transferrin Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Agar

Three main patterns of transferrins, made up of two molecular types, were found by starch–agar electrophoresis in plasma of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).Distributions of the observed patterns from progenies of three hatchery matings agreed with expected Mendelian distributions in offspring of known parentage, implying that the bands have their origin in two codominant alleles. In nearly all samples of the wild salmon the genetic basis of transferrin variation was demonstrated by nonsignificant differences between observed and expected distributions when the Hardy–Weinberg formula was applied.Frequencies of the TfA allele differed in samples from different rivers and within the same river; the Atlantic salmon forms genetically different populations. Interchange of stocks probably influenced the values of the different gene frequencies found.

Kidney Disease in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in the Margaree River

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2535-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. C. Pippy
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
River System ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon

Bacterial kidney disease was presumptively identified in each of 25 hatchery-reared juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) but in only 2 of 235 wild juveniles in the Margaree River system. Apparently spread of disease from the hatchery to wild salmon in the river is very gradual.

Effect of Sea-Age on the Reproductive Potential of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Eastern Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Spawning Run

Reproductive potential of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), defined as average eggs per fish in the spawning run, varied three-fold both within stocks over time and among stocks from different geographic areas. Eggs per spawner is a function of fecundity, sea-age, proportion of females, and female size; the latter three traits varied significantly among years for salmon in both the Miramichi and Restigouche Rivers, New Brunswick. Because all of the above traits are related to sea-age at maturity, eggs per spawner was significantly correlated with mean sea-age in both rivers (R2 = 0.88 and 0.61, respectively). Among 10 different populations in eastern Canada, reproductive potential was also correlated with sea-age; for mean sea-ages (MSA) ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 yr, reproductive potential (RP) was defined by the power regression: RP = 1831.26 MSA1.30 (R2 = 0.64 P < 0.05). Thus reproductive potential can be estimated for any population for which the sea-age composition of spawners is known. Assuming a target egg deposition rate of 2.4 × 104 eggs per hectare, required spawners varied inversely with reproductive potential among the 10 populations, from five spawners (MSA = 1.75 yr) to 16 spawners (MSA = 1.15 yr) per hectare.

Potential for dispersal of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) by sea-running stages of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): field and laboratory studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnulf Soleng ◽  
Tor A Bakke ◽  
Lars P Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Water Dispersal ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Salmon Smolt

Population growth of Gyrodactylus salaris increased exponentially on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in laboratory experiments conducted at 12.0°C. Furthermore, G. salaris was transmitted successfully from salmon smolt to parr at 0.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 20.0%° salinity and reproduced in fresh water after direct transfer from 7.5%° (16 days), 20.0%° (4 and 8 h), and 33.0%° (5, 15, and 30 min). No G. salaris were observed on salmon parr exposed to 33.0%° for 60 min. The prevalence of G. salaris on wild salmon smolts caught approximately 25 km from the river mouth in the Drammensfjord (surface salinity 2.0-3.5%°) was 71.2% compared with 88.0% on those from the neighbouring River Lierelva. Adult wild salmon caught as prespawners, spawners, and postspawners (kelts) in the River Drammenselva were infected with G. salaris. The prevalence and abundance increased from autumn to spring, in contrast with earlier studies on salmon parr, demonstrating the possible importance of adult salmon as reservoirs for G. salaris during winter. The results support the hypothesis of brackish water dispersal of G. salaris by infected salmonids migrating in estuaries and fjords. The use of salt as a disinfectant against G. salaris in hatcheries, and the stocking of possibly infected fish into brackish and seawater, should also be reexamined.

Population genetics and the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Major Floods

Molecular genetics provides data with temporal and spatial scales unavailable from other disciplines. Patterns of genetic diversity are influenced by adaptive, environmental, and stochastic factors. The rate of change in genetic markers allows investigations of diversity on temporal scales resulting from recent history (hundreds of years) to deep evolutionary time (millions of years). Cryptic spatial population structure is often revealed by molecular markers. Phylogeographic analysis of genes within populations can unite demographics with glaciation, uplift, climatic shifts, or major floods. Historically, the application of genetic markers has been largely limited to analyses of gene frequencies and patterns of diversity. The consequences of genetic rarity are controversial in relationship to endangerment or patterns of extinction. However, it is widely recognized that genes reflect a species' evolutionary past and represent the raw material underlying the diversity of biological expression throughout a species' range. DNA provides the architecture necessary for a species' adaptation and future survival. Conservation of this evolutionary legacy is important considering anthropomorphic manipulation of a species and the environment upon which it depends. In this paper I investigate evolution and genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on the current literature. I further discuss conservation and restoration questions using molecular markers.

Performance of farmed, hybrid, and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families in a natural river environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1994-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Skaala ◽  
Kevin A. Glover ◽  
Bjørn T. Barlaup ◽  
Terje Svåsand ◽  
Francois Besnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Sib Families

Survival, growth, and diet were compared for farmed, hybrid, and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families from the eyed egg to the smolt stage in River Guddalselva, Hardangerfjord, Norway. All individuals that survived until the smolt stage were captured in a Wolf trap and identified to one of the 69 experimental families using microsatellite markers. Survival of farmed salmon progeny was significantly lower than that of hybrids and wild progeny. However, survival varied considerably, from 0.17% to 6.4%, among farmed families. Egg size had an important influence on survival. Half-sib hybrid families with a farmed mother had higher survival when fathered by wild salmon than by farmed salmon. The overall relative survival of farmed families compared with that of their hybrid half-sib families fell from 0.86 in the second cohort to 0.62 in the last cohort with increasing fish density. Smolts of farmed parents showed significantly higher growth rates than wild and hybrid smolts. The overlap in diet among types of crosses demonstrates competition, and farm and hybrid progeny therefore will reduce the river’s capacity for production of wild salmon.

Prevalence and recurrence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in eastern North American rivers

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2807-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R.J. Morris ◽  
Dylan J. Fraser ◽  
Anthony J. Heggelin ◽  
Frederick G. Whoriskey ◽  
Jonathan W. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North American ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Comprehensive Compilation

Knowledge of the prevalence of escaped farmed fishes in the wild is an essential first step to assessing the risk resulting from interactions between farmed and wild fishes. This is especially important in eastern North America, where Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) aquaculture occurs near wild Atlantic salmon rivers and where many wild salmon populations are severely depressed. Here, we review the literature on the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in eastern North American rivers, for which there has been no comprehensive compilation to date. Escaped farmed salmon have been found in 54 of 62 (87%) rivers investigated within a 300 km radius of the aquaculture industry since 1984, including 11 rivers that contain endangered salmon populations. Averaged among all investigations, the proportional representation of farmed salmon among adults entering the rivers from the sea was 9.2% (range 0% to 100%). Where data were sufficient to examine temporal trends, farmed salmon proportions varied considerably over time, suggesting that escape events are episodic in nature. We conclude that escaped farmed salmon are sufficiently prevalent in eastern North American rivers to pose a potentially serious risk to the persistence of wild salmon populations, especially in those rivers that are adjacent to existing aquaculture sites.

Quantitative genetic basis for resistance to Caligus rogercresseyi sea lice in a breeding population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul Lhorente ◽  
José A. Gallardo ◽  
Beatriz Villanueva ◽  
Angélica M. Araya ◽  
Débora A. Torrealba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

scholarly journals An Update on the Content of Fatty Acids, Dioxins, PCBs and Heavy Metals in Farmed, Escaped and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Ida-Johanne Jensen ◽  
Karl-Erik Eilertsen ◽  
Carina Helen Almli Otnæs ◽  
Hanne K. Mæhre ◽  
Edel Oddny Elvevoll
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

In this paper, we present updated data on proximate composition, amino acid, and fatty acid composition, as well as concentrations of dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and selected heavy metals, in fillets from farmed (n = 20), escaped (n = 17), and wild (n = 23) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The concentrations of dioxins (0.53 ± 0.12 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/g), dioxin-like PCBs (0.95 ± 0.48 pg TEQ/g), mercury (56.3 ± 12.9 µg/kg) and arsenic (2.56 ± 0.87 mg/kg) were three times higher in wild compared to farmed salmon, but all well below EU-uniform maximum levels for contaminants in food. The six ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) PCBs concentrations (5.09 ± 0.83 ng/g) in wild salmon were higher than in the farmed fish (3.34 ± 0.46 ng/g). The protein content was slightly higher in wild salmon (16%) compared to the farmed fish (15%), and the amount of essential amino acids were similar. The fat content of farmed salmon (18%) was three times that of the wild fish, and the proportion of marine long-chain omega-3 fatty acids was a substantially lower (8.9 vs. 24.1%). The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was higher in farmed than wild salmon (0.7 vs. 0.05). Both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon are still valuable sources of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. One 150 g portion per week will contribute to more (2.1 g and 1.8 g) than the recommended weekly intake for adults.

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