Hydrocarbon and Metal Contents in a Sediment Core from Halifax Harbour: A Chronology of Contamination

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita N. Gearing ◽  
Dale E. Buckley ◽  
John N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The World ◽  
Subsurface Maximum ◽  
Marine Areas

In a dated core from the Northwest Arm of Halifax Harbour, pollutant hydrocarbon concentrations have increase 100-fold since about 1900 (15–20 cm depth). Aliphatic contaminants characteristic of sewage and urban runoff have had a steady, exponential growth overtime, while aromatic hydrocarbon combustion products are currently declining slightly from a subsurface maximum around 1950 (5–10 cm depth). Present levels of these compounds are among the highest reported in the literature. Similarly, contamination of sediments by the metals Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg has also increased from 1890 to 1970, with maximum levels among the highest reported from other urban and industrialized coastal marine areas in the world. In contrast, the concentrations of natural product hydrocarbons such as squalene and perylene have not changed significantly in this century.

The New Zealand law and conservation

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Bosselmann ◽  
Prue Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrate Development

New Zealand, like many countries concerned with conservation issues, is reforming its legislation to provide more comprehensive protection of biological diversity and individual species. The basic aim is simple: if you want to protect animals and plants you have to protect their habitat. The problem is, of course, that humans share the very same habitat. How then can the right balance between use and protection be found? Of the principal Acts guiding the protection and preservation of land, animals and plants (such as the 1953 Wildlife Act or the 1987 Conservation Act) the 1991 Resource Management Act (RMA) marks an important turning-point. It aims to integrate development and conservation. The RMA promotes sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Any destruction of, damage to, or disturbance of, the habitats of plants and animals on land, in coastal marine areas and in lakes and rivers is seen as unsustainable, thus to be avoided.The use of the concept of sustainability is a first in national legislation and makes the RMA a leader around the world. However, its successful enforcement is ultimately a matter of changed attitudes. Here the law can only give some guidance.

scholarly journals International Legal Regulation of Ocean Pollution Prevention from land-Based Sources

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Ocean Pollution ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas

The world ocean is an integral system, directly influencing the climate of the whole planet, the plant and the animal world, the processes of life and human activity. The result of the World Ocean space, its waters and resources intensive use is the problem of its protection against pollution. It is one of the new challenges and threats to the security of states. Nevertheless, of all natural objects, this most important component of the Earth hydrosphere is most exposed to pollution. Thus, according to expert estimates, most of the total amount of the world ocean pollution is conditioned by terrestrial sources, which are the least manageable by international law due to their location on the territory of a certain sovereign state. Coastal areas are exploited by a man very actively and bring the greatest economic benefit. And, thus, this zone is the center of the greatest anthropogenic impact on the waters and the living resources of the World Ocean. Entering the coastal marine areas located on the shores of industrialized countries, the amount of pollutants is so high that it can rightly be considered as a global environmental problem of an international character with a rapid movement and distribution, capable to predetermine the fate of the entire oceans. Therefore, it is quite natural that from the middle of the twentieth century this problem became a key issue for states, academic circles, international specialists and put them before the need to develop a mechanism for its international legal and national regulation as soon as possible.

A REVIEW OF THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF METALLIC HERITAGE STRUCTURES AND ARTIFACTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Darain ◽  
M. Z. Jumaat ◽  
S. M. Nazimuddin ◽  
A. Ahsan ◽  
R. Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
National Income ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Culture Tradition ◽  
Over Time

Awareness about restoring and preserving historically important structures and artifacts is gradually growing in many parts of the world. These artifacts and structures represent the culture, tradition and past of a nation. They are often also a source of national income through tourist activities. Besides masonry and wood work, metallic forms and relics are a vital part of the heritage which needs to be conserved. Certain metals have been used significantly throughout history in the creation of objects and structures. However, metals are prone to decay over time, particularly decay through corrosion. The basic mechanisms of metal corrosion, the various types of corrosion and existing remedial solutions are reviewed in this paper. The most significant factor affecting metal corrosion was found to be the surrounding environment, especially in marine areas. Different remedial measures can be implemented on corroded metals according to their specific properties. Recommendations for further study are offered at the end of the paper.

Physiological testing of Mytilus galloprovincialis for the environmental assessing of coastal marine areas: a case study in Boka Kotorska Bay (the Adriatic Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-643
Author(s):  
Sergey Kholodkevich ◽  
Andrey Sharov ◽  
Tatiana Kuznetsova ◽  
Anton Kurakin ◽  
Danijela Joksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Marine Areas

scholarly journals Islam, Atheism and Anti-natalism: A critical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Farhad Ali ◽  
Ahmad Hassan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

The fact that every one of us in this life has to face difficulties, pain, sadness cannot be denied. Quran and Hadith also accept the presence of evil and calamities in this world. There comes the question in our mind that how is the evil present in this world although the world is created by Allah (S.W.T), and He is the merciful and controls everything in the universe. If somehow, the evil was present Allah (S.W.T) could have ended it, but we see that the reality is different. The existence of evil has been used by people as a justification for not believing in God since ages. In today’s world we see people who believe in Anti-natalism and consider life as an evil and in order to save ourselves from the evil they suggest that humans should not procreate. This article has been written after studying the arguments of people who do not believe in God and are the followers of Anti-natalism. The study concludes that evils, pains, and sadness are natural product of this world, and these evils are not a part of Allah’s (S.W.T) creations. Moreover, the changes are part of the existence of the universe and humans, and these calamities cannot be used as an excuse for not believing in God or justify believing in Anti-natalism.

scholarly journals HR3DHG version 1: modelling the spatio-temporal dynamics of mercury in the Augusta Bay (southern Italy)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Denaro ◽  
Daniela Salvagio Manta ◽  
Alessandro Borri ◽  
Maria Bonsignore ◽  
Davide Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Dissolved Mercury

Abstract. The biogeochemical dynamics of Hg, and specifically of its three species Hg0, HgII, and MeHg (elemental, inorganic, and organic, respectively) in the marine coastal area of Augusta Bay (southern Italy) have been explored by the high resolution 3D Hg (HR3DHG) model, namely an advection-diffusion-reaction model for the dissolved mercury in the seawater compartment coupled with i) a diffusion-reaction model for dissolved mercury in the pore water of sediments and ii) a sorption/de-sorption model for total mercury in the sediments. The spatio-temporal variability of dissolved and total mercury concentration both in seawater ([HgD] and [HgT]) first layers of bottom sediments ([HgsedD] and [HgsedT]), and the Hg fluxes at the boundaries of the 3D model domain have been theoretically reproduced, showing an excellent agreement with the experimental data, collected in multiple field observations during six different oceanographic cruises. The mass-balance of the different Hg species in seawater has been calculated for the Augusta Harbor, improving previous estimations. The HR3DHG model includes modules that can be implemented for specific and detailed exploration of the effects of climate change on the spatio-temporal distribution of Hg in highly contaminated coastal-marine areas.

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