scholarly journals International Legal Regulation of Ocean Pollution Prevention from land-Based Sources

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Ocean Pollution ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas

The world ocean is an integral system, directly influencing the climate of the whole planet, the plant and the animal world, the processes of life and human activity. The result of the World Ocean space, its waters and resources intensive use is the problem of its protection against pollution. It is one of the new challenges and threats to the security of states. Nevertheless, of all natural objects, this most important component of the Earth hydrosphere is most exposed to pollution. Thus, according to expert estimates, most of the total amount of the world ocean pollution is conditioned by terrestrial sources, which are the least manageable by international law due to their location on the territory of a certain sovereign state. Coastal areas are exploited by a man very actively and bring the greatest economic benefit. And, thus, this zone is the center of the greatest anthropogenic impact on the waters and the living resources of the World Ocean. Entering the coastal marine areas located on the shores of industrialized countries, the amount of pollutants is so high that it can rightly be considered as a global environmental problem of an international character with a rapid movement and distribution, capable to predetermine the fate of the entire oceans. Therefore, it is quite natural that from the middle of the twentieth century this problem became a key issue for states, academic circles, international specialists and put them before the need to develop a mechanism for its international legal and national regulation as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of solving problems of pollution prevention Oceans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Strygina
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The World

The article analyses the legal basis of activities of cleaning up the world oceans. It is emphasized that they are complex. The role of the UN in solving environmental problems is also highlighted. The need for international cooperation in the protection of the marine environment is mentioned. The article raises the problem of improving both international and national legislation and eliminating gaps in the law. The importance of social responsibility of business is emphasized.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF THE WORLD OCEAN PROTECTION FROM POLLUTION

10.23856/2111 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Oleg Stets ◽  
Vladyslav Yamkovyi
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The World

The New Zealand law and conservation

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Bosselmann ◽  
Prue Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrate Development

New Zealand, like many countries concerned with conservation issues, is reforming its legislation to provide more comprehensive protection of biological diversity and individual species. The basic aim is simple: if you want to protect animals and plants you have to protect their habitat. The problem is, of course, that humans share the very same habitat. How then can the right balance between use and protection be found? Of the principal Acts guiding the protection and preservation of land, animals and plants (such as the 1953 Wildlife Act or the 1987 Conservation Act) the 1991 Resource Management Act (RMA) marks an important turning-point. It aims to integrate development and conservation. The RMA promotes sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Any destruction of, damage to, or disturbance of, the habitats of plants and animals on land, in coastal marine areas and in lakes and rivers is seen as unsustainable, thus to be avoided.The use of the concept of sustainability is a first in national legislation and makes the RMA a leader around the world. However, its successful enforcement is ultimately a matter of changed attitudes. Here the law can only give some guidance.

scholarly journals Climate Change Influenced by Technologies: Legal, Social and Economic Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4667-4672
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Community ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The World

The problem of global warming is a threat to humankind. A slow, steady and gradual increase in the average temperature on the planet is a systematic event directly related to the negative effects of climate change. This phenomenon contributes to the rise of the world ocean level, and, as a result, leads to flooding of large territories. The world community is concerned about the need for concerted action within the UN to develop common standards and principles to counter the negative effects of global warming and climate change issues have become the subject of legal regulation on international and regional levels. Climate change under discussion has been an important issue for more than a decade. However, at present, humanity is facing a real threat to its further existence, as the increase in the average planetary temperature threatens not only natural but also economic, social and political crises and disasters. In this paper, the authors analyze various effects of global processes, in which humans take part, on the prospects and directions of the development of civilization. The focus is on one of the most important problems – the negative impact of humans on the environment – the current situation and potential threats. The authors attempted to address the specific consequences of climate change from the standpoint of the existing international legal regulation, from the 1992 Framework Convention to the 2016 Paris Agreement, while highlighting the economic and political dilemmas faced by the international community, as well as various scenarios of development for different regions of the world. Naturally, the positions of the two antagonistic world powers, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, are discussed, as well as the conflict of interests of the international community as a whole and individual states. The authors also discuss a rather sensitive matter of protection of individual rights of people, mentioning certain achievements in this area due to the functioning of international human rights mechanisms, both of quasi-judicial and judicial nature. As a conclusion for the commentary, the authors formulated the consequences to which this trend can lead, considering both the economic, social and political aspects.

Hydrocarbon and Metal Contents in a Sediment Core from Halifax Harbour: A Chronology of Contamination

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita N. Gearing ◽  
Dale E. Buckley ◽  
John N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The World ◽  
Subsurface Maximum ◽  
Marine Areas

In a dated core from the Northwest Arm of Halifax Harbour, pollutant hydrocarbon concentrations have increase 100-fold since about 1900 (15–20 cm depth). Aliphatic contaminants characteristic of sewage and urban runoff have had a steady, exponential growth overtime, while aromatic hydrocarbon combustion products are currently declining slightly from a subsurface maximum around 1950 (5–10 cm depth). Present levels of these compounds are among the highest reported in the literature. Similarly, contamination of sediments by the metals Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg has also increased from 1890 to 1970, with maximum levels among the highest reported from other urban and industrialized coastal marine areas in the world. In contrast, the concentrations of natural product hydrocarbons such as squalene and perylene have not changed significantly in this century.

Current Problems of the World Ocean Pollution by Microplastic

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Konstantin Pokazeev ◽  
Elena Sovga ◽  
Tatiana Chaplina
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Ocean Pollution ◽  
The World

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

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