Importance of Condition Factor and the Influence of Water Temperature and Photoperiod on Metamorphosis of Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Youson ◽  
J. A. Holmes ◽  
J. A. Guchardi ◽  
J. G. Seelye ◽  
R. E. Beaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Influence Of Water

The incidence of metamorphosis of larval sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, was strongly affected by water temperature but not photoperiod. In a 1991 experiment, the development of metamorphosing animals in 13 °C water was retarded about 1 mo relative to animals metamorphosing at 21 °C and to a population from the Chippewa River, Michigan; the minimum length, weight, and condition factor (CF) of metamorphosing experimental animals were 117 mm, 2.8 g, and 1.50, respectively, and only 4% metamorphosed at 13 °C and 18.9% at 21 °C. In 1992, with a population from the Great Chazy River, New York, 66% of the animals at 13 °C and 84% at 21 °C metamorphosed. The higher incidence of metamorphosis in 1992 is partly related to the use of larvae that were larger than the minima established in 1991. We predicted, using criteria defined below, that 74 and 72% of the animals at 13 and 21 °C, respectively, would metamorphose. Our predictions were consistent with observations at 13 °C and for five of seven replicate tanks at 21 °C. We suggest that a presumptive metamorphosing sea lamprey in landlocked populations should be at least 120 mm long, weigh 3.0 g, and have a CF ≥ 1.50 and that these criteria must be used in conjunction.

Influence of Water Temperature on the Growth Rate of the Landlocked Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the Associated Rate of Host Mortality

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Farmer ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
P. F. Lett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Instantaneous Growth ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Host Mortality

Groups of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) of 10–90 g initial weight were held at temperatures of 1–20 °C for 30 days and allowed to feed ad lib. on white suckers (Catostomus commersoni). Increases in water temperature and in lamprey size caused the rate of host mortality to increase in agreement with observations that mortality in the Great Lakes is seasonal. Instantaneous growth rates were maximal at 20 °C for lampreys of 10–30 g, the optimal temperature for growth shifting to 15 °C for larger lampreys of 30–90 g. Growth rates were intermediate at 10 °C and lowest at 4 °C for lampreys of all size. Accordingly, host mortality increased with temperature over the 4–20 °C range. At all experimental temperatures, increases in lamprey weight were accompanied by an exponential decline in instantaneous growth rates, a phenomenon also observed for teleosts. Laboratory growth rates at temperatures of 5–15 °C were comparable to rates observed for lampreys in Lake Huron between April and November and agree with the observation that lampreys feed in deeper waters between April and June before moving to warmer, shallower waters during the summer when growth rate increases. Key words: sea lamprey, white sucker, host, temperature, growth, Great Lakes, mortality

Long-term Influence of Water Temperature, Photoperiod, and Food Deprivation on Metamorphosis of Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 2045-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Holmes ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
J. G. Seelye ◽  
S. A. Sower ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Water

After 11 mo in the laboratory, significantly more sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, larvae from the Chippewa River, Michigan, metamorphosed in an ambient temperature regime (3 ± 2 animals∙tank−1) compared with a fixed 21 °C temperature (0 animals); photoperiod and food deprivation did not have detectable effects on the incidence of metamorphosis. Metamorphosing animals in our laboratory study were significantly smaller in size (length and weight) and had a lower condition factor (CF) than animals from the same population that metamorphosed a year earlier under field and shorter term laboratory conditions. We also predicted, using criteria of 120 mm, 3.0 g, and a CF of 1.50, that 12 and 14% of the animals in the ambient and fixed temperature regimes, respectively, would metamorphose. Our prediction for the ambient temperature did not differ significantly from observed (11%). We suggest that larvae in landlocked populations of sea lamprey that are at least 120 mm long, weigh 3.0 g, and have a CF of 1.50 or greater in the fall can be predicted to metamorphose the following summer. Furthermore, our data show that low temperature during the winter followed by rising temperature in the spring is the primary environmental cue initiating metamorphosis in sea lamprey.

Structure and Affinities of Freshwater Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Populations

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Brussard ◽  
Marjorie Collings Hall ◽  
Janet Wright
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Starch Gel

We have examined genetic differentiation at 23 loci in 12 populations of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Based on two measures of overall genetic distance and two clustering methods, our analysis shows that there are three genetically distinct groups of lamprey in eastern North America: (1) anadromous populations plus those in Lake Champlain, (2) populations in Lake Erie and the upper Great Lakes, and (3) populations in Lake Ontario and three interior New York Lakes (Cayuga, Seneca, and Oneida). Analysis of population subdivision using contiguity partitions and simultaneous test procedures (STP) confirms the above conclusions and offers additional insight into the genetic structure of lamprey in this area.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; genetic variation, electrophoresis, population structuring

Order of Succession of Different Types of Infraoral Lamina in Landlocked Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Vladykov ◽  
G. N. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Type Intermediate

Infraoral lamina were studied of 630 lampreys from Lake Erie, Ontario, Lake Seneca, New York, and the Père Marquette River, Michigan. The number of cusps on the first set of the lamina is always repeated in consecutive new sets, but the size of the cusps and their orientation vary. The width of the lamina increases slowly from 4.5 to 16.5 mm, with successive replacements of the corneous sheath. The main types of lamina are: normal (teeth large, evenly spaced, their points nearly parallel), inclined (teeth large, evenly spaced, their tips inclined mesad), and rosebud (teeth very small and clustered near the middle of the lamina; concentric lines on the basal portion). There is also the type intermediate between inclined and normal. Newly transformed lampreys and others less than 180 mm long have normal laminae. The rosebud lamina is characteristic of half-grown specimens, being most frequent among lampreys 250–400 mm long. In adults, feeding in lakes, the predominant type is the inclined lamina. In spawning specimens the normal lamina is most characteristic. Thus the usual succession throughout life is: normal, rosebud, inclined, and finally normal again. In spawning specimens there are two new sheaths underneath the old one, one below the other.

Spawning Behavior and Fecundity of Lampreys from the Upper Three Great Lakes

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Manion ◽  
Lee H. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Spawning Behavior

Five species of lampreys are found in the upper three Great Lakes. All species require certain physical factors for successful spawning such as suitable bottom substrates, water velocities, and temperatures. Nest construction (usually started by males) and spawning behavior are similar although some differences exist. In sea lamprey an average spawning act lasts about 2–5 s and is repeated every 4–5 min; generally nesting is monogamous with little polyandrous nesting (1.2–5.0%); average egg production is about 60 000 eggs. An estimated 86% of the eggs of sea lamprey are not deposited in the nests; however, the fertilization and survival of eggs deposited in the nest is high and may approach 90%.Key words: Petromyzon marinus, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, I. castaneus, I. fossor, Lampetra lamottei, spawning requirement, nest construction, fecundity, nest productivity, water temperature

Daytime avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues by adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Di Rocco ◽  
Cowan F. Belanger ◽  
István Imre ◽  
Grant E. Brown ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Daytime Activity

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) avoid damage-released and predator chemosensory cues at night, but their response to these cues during the day is unknown. Here, we explored (i) whether sea lamprey avoid these cues during the day and (ii) the effect of water temperature on the avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues in two diurnal laboratory experiments. We hypothesized that daytime activity would be temperature-dependent and that only sea lamprey vulnerable to predation (i.e., not hiding) would behaviourally respond to chemosensory alarm cues. Ten groups of ten sea lamprey were exposed to one of a variety of potential chemosensory cues. The experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures to quantify the effect of temperature on avoidance behaviour. Consistent with our hypothesis, a higher proportion of animals were active during daytime as water temperature increased. Moving sea lamprey showed an avoidance response to 2-phenylethylamine (a compound found in mammalian urine) and human saliva once water temperatures had risen to mean (±SD) = 13.7 (±1.4) °C. Resting and hiding sea lamprey did not show an avoidance response to any of the experimental stimuli.

Factors Influencing the Distribution of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1811-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Morman ◽  
D. W. Cuddy ◽  
P. C. Rugen
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Host Fishes ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Parasitic Phase

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is widely distributed in the Great Lakes but it is absent from or scarce in large parts of the watershed. Since 1957, larval sea lampreys have been detected in only 433 (7.5%) of the 5747 streams in the Great Lakes basin. Parasitic-phase sea lampreys range throughout the lakes, wherever suitable host fishes occur, but probably do not inhabit the western and central basins of Lake Erie to any great extent during summer. Many environmental conditions influence the distribution of sea lampreys. Streamflow and water temperature are of major importance in attracting spawning runs to streams. The dispersal of spawning adults within streams is influenced mainly by blockages, water temperature, current, bottom type, and the presence of inland lakes. Water temperature is probably the most important factor affecting the development and survival of embryos. The distribution of larval lampreys is limited primarily by barriers that block adult spawning runs, warm temperatures, low and unstable flows, hard stream bottom, and pollution; nonetheless, larvae have been found in a wide range of habitats exhibiting these conditions. Interconnecting waterways and attachment to fishes and boats are considered major factors in the lake movements of parasitic-phase lampreys.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; Great Lakes, geographic distribution, influences, movement, spawning, larvae, parasitic, control

Fecundity of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Superior

1972 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Manion
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey
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