Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, Canada: Patterns of Species Composition in Relation to Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1600-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Grantham ◽  
Brenda J. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Northwestern Ontario

Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to examine the distribution of leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) in 18 lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA). Leech community composition was best described by an ordination incorporating alkalinity, primary productivity, and lake area. In general, highest species richness occurred in small, eutrophic lakes whereas lowest richness was recorded in medium to large lakes with low productivity. Contrary to results for some other taxa, lake pH was not a dominant variable, describing only a small amount of variance in the species–environment relationship.

scholarly journals Desmid algae (Charophyta: Conjugatophyceae) of Ekaterinburg, Middle Urals, Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Andrei S. Shakhmatov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Pavlovskiy ◽  
Alexander G. Paukov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals

Species composition of desmid algae and their habitat preferences in water bodies of Ekaterinburg city were studied during the 2013–2017. Thirty-seven species and subspecific taxa which belong to 12 genera and 2 families were identified, of which 17 species are new for the eastern macroslope of the Middle Urals. Canonical correspondence analysis, which was performed to reveal habitat preferences, demonstrates that the majority of analyzed species prefer quarry lakes, ponds and overgrown lake shores, contrary to fens and rivers.

Effects of Experimental and Cultural Lake Acidification on Littoral Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Stephenson ◽  
Gregory Mierle ◽  
Ronald A. Reid ◽  
Gerald L. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Dimension 2 ◽  
Sweep Net

A simple method for the assessment of littoral benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) assemblages in lakes was developed at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in northwestern Ontario and applied to 64 lakes in central Ontario. The presence (1) or absence (0) of BMI taxa was established at five sites on each lake, using a kick-and-sweep net technique. Summing presence/absence scores across sites ranked the importance of each taxon in each lake on a scale of 0 to 5. Relationships between the BMI assemblages were assessed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), based upon the Kendall's τ correlation matrix. Correlations between NMDS dimension 1 and 2 scores and environmental variables identified factors that may structure BMI assemblages. The BMI assemblages of three experimentally acidified and seven reference lakes at the ELA were correlated strongly with lake pH. The BMI assemblage structure of central Ontario lakes was predicted by lake area and sensitivity to acidification (NMDS dimension 1) and by lake elevation (NMDS dimension 2). The BMI assemblages of small or Ca-poor and acidic lakes include fewer oligochaetes, mayflies, and Cryptochironomus and Stictochironomus (chironomids) and more Odonata, Trichoptera, Chironomus, Conchapelopia, Microtendipes, and Procladius (chironomids), and Crangonyx (Amphipoda) than other central Ontario lakes.

scholarly journals How do plant communities and flower visitors relate? A case study of semi-natural xerothermic grasslands

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Chmura ◽  
Paweł Adamski ◽  
Zygmunt Denisiuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Rarefaction Analysis ◽  
Flower Visitors

<p>The paper examines the relationships between the species composition of flower visitors and plants in the semi-natural xerothermic grasslands in southern and central Poland. Thirty 10 × 10 m permanent plots were laid out in total, mainly in nature reserves. The vegetation units studied were classified according to the Braun-Blanquet system; these were phytocoenoses of the <em>Festuco-Brometea</em> classes <em>Inuletum ensifoliae</em>, <em>Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati</em> and the transitional plant community. Entomological research was performed using the Pollard method within the same plots. A particular site was visited only once and different sites were studied between April and August 2008. We applied, among others, co-correspondence-analysis Co-CA, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of plants and flower visitors and their biotopic requirements. We found that the species composition of flower visitors cannot be predicted by floristic composition when the duration of the study is restricted to one day (but under similar weather conditions); however, there is a positive relationship between the species richness of insects and plants and a positive relationship between the number of plant species and the abundance of flower visitors. The Ellenberg moisture index and the cover of meadow species significantly explained the species composition of insects. The three various vegetation units and five dominant xerothermic species, i.e. <em>Adonis vernalis</em>, <em>Anemone sylvestris</em>, <em>Inula ensifolia</em>, <em>Linum hirsutum</em> and <em>Carlina onopordifolia</em> that were studied across time differed in the species richness of insects. Our results demonstrate that possible patterns in the species composition and the assembly rules of flower visitors are not apparent when the Pollard method is applied. Based on the data obtained using this method, the flower visiting assemblages seem not to be driven by competition and they primarily show a tendency to co-occur which can be an artifact. A plant-focused method that included a rarefaction analysis yielded more insightful results and shed more light on the differences between the dominant plants that shape the physiognomy of plant communities in a possible pollination specialization.</p>

scholarly journals Rainfall and Elevation Influence the Local-Scale Distribution of Tree Community in the Southern Region of Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot (India)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijo Joseph ◽  
K. Anitha ◽  
V. K. Srivastava ◽  
Ch. Sudhakar Reddy ◽  
A. P. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Regression Technique ◽  
Environmental Correlate ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Tree Communities

The present study characterises the tree communities with respect to topographic and climatic variables and identifies the most important environmental correlate of species richness in the southern region of Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India. Digitally derived environmental variables in combination with tree species richness information were analysed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to characterise the communities. Multiple regression technique based on stepwise backward elimination was used to identify the most important environment correlate of species richness. Canonical correspondence analysis results in six major tree communities along the first and second axes. Rainfall is the dominant environmental gradient influencing vegetation patterns on the first CCA axis while elevation showed the highest correlation with the second CCA axis. Backward elimination regression technique yielded rainfall as the most important environmental correlate of species richness. Results were in agreement with the observations in the Neotropics that rainier areas maintain high species diversity.

Aquatic macrophyte richness in Danish lakes in relation to alkalinity, transparency, and lake area

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2022-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Vestergaard ◽  
Kaj Sand-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Lake Surface Area

We examined the relationship between environmental factors and the richness of submerged macrophytes species in 73 Danish lakes, which are mainly small, shallow, and have mesotrophic to hypertrophic conditions. We found that mean species richness per lake was only 4.5 in acid lakes of low alkalinity but 12.3 in lakes of high alkalinity due to a greater occurrence of the species-rich group of elodeids. Mean species richness per lake also increased significantly with increasing Secchi depth. No significant relationship between species richness and lake surface area was observed among the entire group of lakes or a subset of eutrophic lakes, as the growth of submerged macrophytes in large lakes may be restricted by wave action in shallow water and light restriction in deep water. In contrast, macrophyte species richness increased with lake surface area in transparent lakes, presumably due to expansion of the area colonised by submerged macrophytes. Thus, the size of the colonised area is a better predictor of species richness than lake surface area. The strong increase in species richness accompanying greater transparency can be accounted for by the combined effect of higher colonised area and higher habitat richness along gradients of deeper macrophyte growth.

scholarly journals Do Shapes of Elevational Gradients of Species Richness Depend on the Vertical Range Studied? The Case of the Himalayas

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatishwor Singh Irungbam ◽  
Alena Bartoňová Sucháčková ◽  
Martin Konvička ◽  
Zdenek Faltýnek Fric
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Elevation Range ◽  
Vertical Range ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Elevational Range

Abstract We retrieved shapes of elevational species richness gradients (unimodal, decreasing, increasing) from 64 publications, studying Himalayan elevation patterns. We covered both plants and animals, and tested the hypothesis that unimodal gradients, explicable by the geometric mid-domain effect, prevail in the mountains, whereas decreasing or increasing gradients result from studying only short sections of entire altitudinal ranges. Multivariate canonical correspondence analysis was used to relate gradient shapes to their altitude ranges, geography positions, and taxa studied. Across taxa, most of the Himalayan altitudinal gradient display a unimodal shape, with a peak of diversity situated at ca 2500 m a.s.l. for plants, and 2200 m a.s.l. for animals. The gradient shapes were attributable to three intercorrelated predictors: vertical range, maximum elevation, and mean elevation of the gradients. Studies covering sufficiently broad altitudinal range returned unimodal gradients. Studies from the Earth’s highest mountain range reveal that surveys covering substantial parts of the elevational range of the mountains result in unimodal elevational gradients, whereas declining or increasing species richness gradients result from incomplete elevation range sampling.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Distribution of dragonflies (Odonata: Insecta) in South Ural lakes, Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRINA V. MASHKOVA ◽  
TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA ◽  
ANASTASIYA M. KOSTRYUKOVA ◽  
NIKITA E. VLASOV
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Number Of Species

Mashkova IV, Krupnova TG, Kostryukova AM, Vlasov NE. 2018. Short Communication: Distribution of dragonflies (Odonata: Insecta) in South Ural lakes, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 202-207. This paper studies the diversity and distribution of Odonata (Insecta) in the South Urals region lakes such as Lake Large Miassovo, Lake Small Miassovo, Lake Ilmenskoe, Lake Savelkul and Lake Baraus. We revised dragonflies in five lakes during May-September 2014-2016. Dragonflies and larvae were identified up to the species. As results, 36 species (12 Zygoptera and 22 Anisoptera) belonging to 15 genera were recorded. To compare the similarities of dragonfly communities of different lakes we used the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) according the Jaccard index. Comparing the number of records of odonate species for selected lakes in our study, we found that the small richness of species was typical for lakes Savelkul and Baraus (22% and 25% of the total number of species, respectively) and the large values of the species richness was obtained for lakes Small Miassovo, Ilmenskoe and Large Miassovo (50%, 72%% and 80% of the total number of species, respectively).

scholarly journals Diversity analyses of nonmarine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) in streams and lakes in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-530
Author(s):  
Mehmet YAVUZATMACA
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Ostracod Species ◽  
Combined Data

In order to compare species compositions of ostracods, 25 streams and 15 lakes were sampled in the spring, summer, and autumn seasons of 2018. A total of 26 ostracod species were found in lakes (18 spp.) and streams (12 spp.). The Shannon index (H’) and evenness values of streams were higher than in lakes in all seasons. The highest H’ values for all combined (lakes + streams) and lake data were reported in the autumn season, and in spring the highest values were in streams. According to the β-diversity (β) index values, the variability of ostracod species composition in lakes was higher than in streams, and its value was highest in spring (0.40) and lowest in summer (0.34) among all seasons for combined data. Pairwise comparison of spring and autumn displayed higher β-diversity values than other comparisons, while its value was 0.41 between lakes and streams. According to canonical correspondence analysis results, elevation had a significant (P = 0.006) effect on distribution of species. All results suggested the importance of seasonality for evaluating the biodiversity of a region rather than the number of sampling sites, and the autumn season seems to be richer than other seasons in terms of species diversity.

Phytoplankton Community Responses to Nutrient Addition in Lake 226, Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. s35-s46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Findlay ◽  
S. E. M. Kasian
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Reference Lakes

Inclusion of phosphorus in fertilizer added to one of two basins of a small lake, between which water exchange was greatly reduced by a vinyl sea-curtain, significantly increased epilimnetic phytoplankton biomass, and altered species composition. Over an 8-yr period, the average biomass of phytoplankton in the basin receiving carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (in ratios of 10:5:1) increased 4 to 8 times and the biomass in the basin receiving only carbon and nitrogen (in ratios of 10:5) increased 2 to 4 times over non-fertilized years. The basin receiving all three nutrients consistently had blooms in late summer which were dominated by nitrogen fixing species of cyanophytes. In comparison with unfertilized reference lakes, the proportion of phytoplankton in fertilized basins which was available to zooplankton as food was 10 times greater in the basin receiving all three nutrients, and two times greater in the basin receiving only nitrogen and carbon. When fertilization of both basins was stopped, species composition and levels of biomass reverted within a year to the composition and biomass levels of phytoplankton observed in the reference lakes and remained at those levels for 2 further years of study.

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