Seasonal variation of the effect of extremely diluted agitated gibberellic acid (10-30) on wheat seedling development

Objective: Performing a study on a wheat growth bio assay with a homeopathic dilution of gibberellic acid at different seasons of the year. Methods: Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, Capo variety) were observed under the influence of extremely diluted gibberellic acid (10-30, 30x). Analogously prepared water was used for control. 15 experiments were performed, 9 in autumn season (5 researchers, 4,440 grains per group), and 6 in winter / spring (4 researchers, with 3,140 grains per group). Results: All 9 autumn experiments showed less stalk growth in the verum group (p > 0.01 in 4 cases, p > 0.05 in 3, trend in 2 cases). Mean stalk lengths (mm) were 46.97 + 20.50 for verum and 50.66 + 19.77 for control at grain level (N = 4,440 per group) and + 3.87 and + 3.38 respectively at dish level (217 cohorts of 20 or 25 grains per treatment group). Verum stalk length (92.72%) was 7.28% smaller than control stalk length (100%). In contrast, no reliable effect was found in experiments performed in winter / spring (less stalk growth in 1 case, no difference in 1, more growth in 3 cases). Overall verum stalk length (103.64%) was 3.64% slightly greater than control stalk length (100%). Data were found to be homogeneous within the control groups as well as within the verum groups. Conclusion: Results suggest that especially in the experiments performed in autumn, there was an influence of gibberellic acid 30x on wheat seedling development. The effect size is small when calculation is done on the basis of grains (d = 0.18) but high when done on the basis of dishes (d = 1.02). In contrast, no reliable effect was found in experiments performed in winter / spring. Further experiments should thus be performed in the autumn season.

ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA THỜI GIAN TRỒNG ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA NẤM TRÂN CHÂU (Agrocybe aegerita)

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trong vụ Xuân Hè tại trường Đại học Nông Lâm, Đại học Huế nhằm xác định được thời vụ thích hợp cho sinh trưởng, phát triển của nấm Trân Châu tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo phương pháp hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên (CRD), gồm 5 công thức với 5 thời điểm cấy giống khác nhau trong tháng 4 và tháng 5 là 1/4; 10/4; 20/4; 30/4 và 10/5, 3 lần lặp lại, mỗi lần lặp theo dõi 10 bịch. Kết quả cho thấy công thức I, thời điểm cấy giống vào 1/4 cho kết quả tốt nhất. Thời gian phủ kín nguyên liệu 43,26 ngày, thời gian xuất hiện quả thể 57,53 ngày và thời gian quả thể trưởng thành và thu hái 65,87 ngày. Chiều dài quả thể đạt 10,69 cm, đường kính quả thể 3,99 cm và trọng lượng quả thể đạt 90,28 g/cụm quả thể, không xuất hiện mẫu nhiễm. Năng suất đạt 225,70 kg/ tấn nguyên liệu khô dẫn đến lãi ròng thu được 13,92 triệu đồng, cao hơn so với các công thức cùng nghiên cứu. ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out during the Summer-Autumn season at University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University to determine the suitability of planting time for the growth performation of Southern Poplar mushroom in Thua Thien Hue province. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design, including 5 treatments, which were 5 different seedling propagation times of April 1st; April 10th; April 20th; April 30th and May 10th in 3 replications and 10 monitoring bags per each replication. The results showed that the experimental treatment I, which were inoculation time on April 1st, gave the best results compared to other experimental treatment such as the time mycelium covered material at 43.26 days; The time to appear mushroom body reached 57.53 days and the time to mature and harvest of mushroom body was 65.87 days; The length of the mushroom body at 10.69cm, the mushroom body diameter at 3.99cm and the weight of the mushroom body gave 90,28 g/mushroom cluster; infection rate gave 0%. The yield was 22.57% compared to the volume of dry material led to the net profit got 13,92 million VND, higher than all of treatments in the same study.

Concentration of some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in soil samples of Kirkuk province, Iraq

In order to evaluate the quantity of twelve PAHs (Naphthalene, Tetraphan and Acenaphthylene Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, Benzo [a] Anthracene, Ovalene, Chrysene, Benzo [a] fluoranthene and DiBenzo [ah] Anthracene) in the soil samples from Kirkuk province, seven sites (Ras El-Gesr, Benja Ali, Wahed Hozeran, North Oil Company (NOC), Lillan, Kubri and Chimen) were selected using Gas Chromatography (GC) during the autumn 2017 and winter 2018. The results showed that the highest concentration of individual hydrocarbons during the autumn season was for the Acenaphthylene compound in the NOC site 131.19 μg/kg, and for Naphthalene compound, was 100.543μg/kg. The NOC recorded the highest concentration of total hydrocarbons 891.65 μg/kg. For the winter season, the highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was recorded for the Fluorene compound at the NOC site 79.19 μg/kg. Fluorene and Naphthalene compounds achieved the highest averages for the season (43.24 and 42.984 μg/kg) respectively, and recorded the location of the NOC, the highest summation of total hydrocarbons amounted to 609.77 μg/kg.

Effect of Feeding With Vitamins, Sugars and Pollen on The Biology of Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) During The Autumn Season and The Use of Various Wintering Methods

The research included a study of nutrition with vitamins, sugars, pollen and some dispersal methods in from 5/7/2020 to 5/15/2021 to evaluate the nutrients and their effect on the open and closed brood space, honey area, pollen, eggs, the increase in cell weight, the quantity of honey produced as well as the number of packages of honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colonies. The results showed that feeding with vitamins, sugars and pollen has an important role in preparing the colonies before winter, as they passed it with strong colonies compare with the comparison treatment (without feeding) and with the highest numerical density in the nylon packing boxes treatment compared to the comparison treatment during the tenth month readings. The treatment of cork boxes in the fed colonies was distinguished in the production of immature honey compared to the control treatment. The results also showed the superiority of the colonies fed during the months of November and December 2020 with the same materials over the comparison treatment in bee density, open honey, sealed honey, pollen, eggs, larvae and sealed brood) compared to the control treatment. The fed and treated colonies passed some winterization requirements in good condition and gave the highest cell weights compared to the control treatment in mud boxes, sandwich boxes, wall coverings, cork boxes, and nylon packing. As for the production of sorted honey, the fed and dispersed colonies outperformed the fed and scattered colonies with treatments compared to the comparison treatment, and in the production of parcels, the comparison treatment did not produce any parcels, while the fed and dispersed colonies produced parcels.

Autumn bacterioplankton of the open waters and coastal part of the Barents Sea

The paper presents the results of microbiological studies carried out in the Motovsky Bay (2017) and the northeastern part of the Barents Sea (2020) in October. It was shown that, with comparable values of abundance, the biomass of bacterioplankton in open waters was slightly higher than in coastal waters. The quantity was 148–717 thousand cells/ml in Motovsky Bay and 170–957 thousand cells/ml in the open water area. The biomass was 7.26–29.07 mg/m3 in Motovsky Bay and 9.71–51.39 mg/m3 in the open water area. The maximum values were in the 0–50 m layer,the minimum – in the bottom layer in both areas. Those results supplement the existing understanding of bacterioplanktons development and distribution in the Barents Sea in the autumn season.

Economics of Potato Production for Autumn Season 2015-2016 (Baghdad Governorate as A Practical Case)

"The research aimed at estimating the production function and the total cost function, as well as measuring the efficiency of resource use, technical, economic, price and cost efficiency. The study was based primarily on a simple random sample of (155) farmers in Baghdad governorate for the autumn season (2015-2016), The double logarithmic formula was the most suitable for the production function. The results of the resource efficiency criteria indicated that potato farmers were efficient in using resources (seed, phosphate fertilizer, human labor) and were inefficient in using irrigation and pesticides. While the cubic formula was more suitable for the total cost function according to the statistical, econometrical and economical tests, and from it we showed that the optimum size of production and size that maximize profit are (119.069, 143.398) ton consequently. Technical, economic and price efficiencies were estimated at (34.25933, 34.25937, 73.521)% consequently, while cost efficiency was estimated at (0.454), and the net farm income that achieved over all the sample less about (10380.741) thousand dinars than that achieved at optimal size. The research concluded that the quantity of seeds had the greatest impact on potato production and that there was waste in using the available resources, which led to actual production being less than optimum production. The research recommends that the related institutions should work to provide a good quality potato seeds to cover the needs of local farmers, from good sources in a timely manner and at the right price to increase the production and productivity of this important crop and reduce production costs. As well as the protection of the local producer by adopting price policies that grant best income of farmers. Corresponding author: E-mail(Faisal@gmail) Al- Muthanna University All rights reserved"

IĞDIR TUZLUCA BÖLGESİNDE YETİŞTİRİLEN BAZI MEYVE AĞAÇLARININ YAPRAKLARINDAN ELDE EDİLEN DOĞAL BOYA POTANSİYELİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

The effort to acquire colors that are naturally found in nature in human history has been continued until today. This effort was sometimes the result of trial and error, sometimes long efforts. The search for natural paint has generally been done by focusing on plants. The process of processing the colorful flowers and leaves of the plants into stone and wood paved the way for the use of colors in clothing and accessories of living spaces by taking them under control over time. Iğdır, known as the second Çukurova of Anatolia; It is one of the places that has an important advantage in the reflection of seasonal temperature values on the plants. Humidity and temperature to plants; Particularly, its reflection on tree leaves ensures that these leaves reach saturation in terms of their color characteristics. With the research carried out, the color effects of the dye values obtained from the leaves of some fruit trees dried in the natural environment and indoor environment in the autumn season in the Iğdır Tuzluca region were focused on.

Studies on Nutrigenetic Traits of Silkworm, Bombyxmori L. for Determining Growth and Development for Identifying Parental Breeds for Breeding under Subtropical Region of North West India

Study was conducted during spring and autumn season (2018 & 2019) to screen and identify rich nutrigenetic breeds from the selected breed’s for their nutrigenetic traits in silkworm, BombyxmoriL.(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for better understanding and development of nutritionally efficient breeds under Subtropical condition of Jammu based on the breeds which shows less food consumption with higher efficiency conversion based on leaf to cocoon and leaf to shell ratio. Highly significant variations were found among all nutrigenetic traits of bivoltine silkworm breeds in the study. The nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds were shortlisted by utilizing nutrition consumption index and efficiency for conversion of ingesta/cocoon traits as the index for selection of highly promising breeds. Furthermore, based on the average of data from both the seasons, the overall rearing nutrigenetic traits utilized as index, eight bivoltine silkworm breeds (B.con 1, B.con 4, BHR 2, ATR 16, BHR 3, CSR 50, RSJ 14 and NB4D2) were identified as havingthe potential for nutrition efficiency conversion and can be utilized for further breeding programme. The data from the present study advances our knowledge for the development of nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds/hybrids and their effective commercial utilization in the sericulture industry.