Maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in Eucalyptus globulus and interspecific hybrids

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gay E McKinnon ◽  
René E Vaillancourt ◽  
Paul A Tilyard ◽  
Brad M Potts
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Rapid Pcr ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The utility of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in Eucalyptus, either as a molecular marker for genetic studies or as a potential vehicle for genetic manipulation, is based on knowledge of its mode of inheritance. Chloroplast inheritance in angiosperms can vary among and within species, and anomalous inheritance has been reported in some interspecific-hybrid combinations. In Eucalyptus, abnormalities of pollen-tube growth occur in a number of interspecific-hybrid combinations, and this might increase the likelihood of anomalous chloroplast transmission. We used a rapid PCR technique to determine chloroplast heritability in 425 progeny of Eucalyptus, comprising 194 progeny of the premier pulpwood species E. globulus and 231 interspecific hybrids between E. globulus and E. nitens (F1, F2, and backcrosses). At this sampling intensity, no pollen-mediated transmission of cpDNA was found in any of the 40 families tested. The results are discussed with reference to chloroplast engineering and the use of cpDNA as a seed-specific marker in phylogeographic studies of Eucalyptus.Key words: organelle, plastids, uniparental, maternal inheritance, interspecific hybrids.

Maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in Eucalyptus globulus and interspecific hybrids

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gay E. McKinnon ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Paul A. Tilyard ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Maternal Inheritance

scholarly journals Molecular and embryonic evidence of apomixis in cassava interspecific hybrids (Manihot spp.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagib M. A. Nassar ◽  
Marco Andre Vieira ◽  
Clibas Vieira ◽  
Dario Grattapaglia
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Wild Relative

In cassava, apomixis could fix hetereozygosity and prevent the transmission of systemic pathogens which complicate vegetative propagation of the crop. Evidence from maternal inheritance of RAPD markers and the structure of the embryonic sac in large progeny sets of two distinct genotypes have further confirmed that apomixis occurs in cassava. Here, we have built on an earlier report of apomixis in cassava in four ways (1) we estimated the rate of faculative apomixis in the range of 2% (2) we detected the occurrence of apomixis in a second genotype, derived form a different interspecific cross; (3) apomictic behavior was demonstrated in an F1 individual and (4) embryonic evidence showed that the mode of apomixis is aposporic. Since apomixis was detected in an F1 interspecific hybrid it is possible that genes for apomixis could be transferred directly to cultivated cassava from a wild relative. Key words: Cassava, interspecific hybrid

scholarly journals Gene Transfer to the Desiccation-Tolerant CyanobacteriumChroococcidiopsis

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (7) ◽  
pp. 2298-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Billi ◽  
E. Imre Friedmann ◽  
Richard F. Helm ◽  
Malcolm Potts
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Experimental Strain

ABSTRACT The coccoid cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsisdominates microbial communities in the most extreme arid hot and cold deserts. These communities withstand constraints that result from multiple cycles of drying and wetting and/or prolonged desiccation, through mechanisms which remain poorly understood. Here we describe the first system for genetic manipulation ofChroococcidiopsis. Plasmids pDUCA7 and pRL489, based on the pDU1 replicon of Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7524, were transferred to different isolates of Chroococcidiopsisvia conjugation and electroporation. This report provides the first evidence that pDU1 replicons can be maintained in cyanobacteria other than Nostoc and Anabaena. Following conjugation, both plasmids replicated inChroococcidiopsis sp. strains 029, 057, and 123 but not in strains 171 and 584. Both plasmids were electroporated into strains 029 and 123 but not into strains 057, 171, and 584. Expression of P psbA-luxAB on pRL489 was visualized through in vivo luminescence. Efficiencies of conjugative transfer for pDUCA7 and pRL489 into Chroococcidiopsissp. strain 029 were approximately 10−2 and 10−4 transconjugants per recipient cell, respectively. Conjugative transfer occurred with a lower efficiency into strains 057 and 123. Electrotransformation efficiencies of about 10−4electrotransformants per recipient cell were achieved with strains 029 and 123, using either pDUCA7 or pRL489. Extracellular deoxyribonucleases were associated with each of the five strains. Phylogenetic analysis, based upon the V6 to V8 variable regions of 16S rRNA, suggests that desert strains 057, 123, 171, and 029 are distinct from the type species strain Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203. The high efficiency of conjugative transfer of Chroococcidiopsis sp. strain 029, from the Negev Desert, Israel, makes this a suitable experimental strain for genetic studies on desiccation tolerance.

scholarly journals Alteration of Anthocyanin Glycosylation in Cranberry Through Interspecific Hybridization

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholi Vorsa ◽  
James J. Polashock
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
American Cranberry

The flavonoids of american cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) are documented to be beneficial for human health. Among their benefits is a high antioxidant potential, with anthocyanin glycosides being the main contributors. Flavonoid glucose conjugates are reported to be more bioavailable than those with other sugar conjugates. The anthocyanin glycosides of V. macrocarpon fruit are mainly galactosides and arabinosides of the aglycones, cyanidin and peonidin, with less than 8% glucosides. In contrast, the fruit anthocyanins of another cranberry species, V. oxycoccus L. were found to be largely glucosides of cyanidin and peonidin. Interspecific hybrids between these two species were intermediate to the parental species in the proportion of fruit anthocyanin glucosides. About half the progeny (1:1 segregation) in a backcross population (to V. macrocarpon) maintained the relatively high anthocyanin glucoside ratio. In this study, we demonstrate the genetic manipulation of anthocyanin glycosylation in cranberry using interspecific hybridization, resulting in dramatically increased glucose-conjugated anthocyanins.

GENETICS OF SCOLIOSIS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. A222-A227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Heary ◽  
Karthik Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Locus Heterogeneity ◽  
Family Pedigree ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance ◽  
Variable Penetrance

ABSTRACT SCOLIOSIS IS ONE of the oldest known deformities of humankind; however, the cause still remains ill defined. Although there is a lack of uniform agreement on the inclusion criteria for the definition of scoliosis, most investigators agree that a coronal curve must measure at least 10 degrees for the patient to be considered to have scoliosis. A broad range of articles were reviewed and the relevant publications that contributed information regarding the genetics of scoliosis were selected for inclusion in this report. Based on family pedigree and genetic studies, the proposed pattern of inheritance for markers of scoliosis are expected to be autosomal dominant, X-linked, multigene, or multifactorial. This is further complicated by locus heterogeneity, allele heterogeneity, and carrier states found in normal individuals. Although none of these modes of inheritance has been definitively proven, it appears that a multifactorial mode of inheritance with variable penetrance is the most likely method.

scholarly journals Cytogenetics of two Farlowella species (Loricariidae: Loricariinae): implications on the taxonomic status of the species

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Marajó ◽  
Patrik F. Viana ◽  
Milena Ferreira ◽  
Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel ◽  
Eliana Feldberg
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Metacentric Pair ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Farlowella is one of the most diverse genera of the Loricariinae, restricted to South America rivers. The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among its species are contentious and, while genetic studies would contribute to the understanding of their relationships, the only available datum refer to the karyotype description of only one species. In the present study two Amazonian species, Farlowella cf. amazonum and F. schreitmuelleri, were analyzed using conventional and molecular cytogenetic procedures. Both species had diploid chromosome number 58, but different fundamental numbers (NF) 116 and 112, respectively, indicative of chromosomal rearrangements. C-banding is almost poor, especially in F. cf. amazonum, and occurs predominantly in the centromeric and in some telomeric regions, although genome of F. schreitmuelleri possessed a much larger heterochromatin amount then those of F. cf. amazonum. The chromosomes bearing the NOR sites were likely the same for both species, corresponding to the 1st metacentric pair in F. cf. amazonum and to the 28th acrocentric in F. schreitmuelleri. The location of the 5S rDNA was species-specific marker. This study expanded the available cytogenetic data for Farlowella species and pointed the remarkable karyotype diversity among species/populations, indicating a possible species complex within genus.

Application of resistance drilling to genetic studies of growth, wood basic density and bark thickness in Eucalyptus globulus

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
H. Nickolas ◽  
D. Williams ◽  
G. Downes ◽  
P. A. Harrison ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Resistance Drilling

scholarly journals Secreted Euryarchaeal Microhalocins Kill Hyperthermophilic Crenarchaea

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Haseltine ◽  
Tiffany Hill ◽  
Rafael Montalvo-Rodriguez ◽  
Samantha K. Kemper ◽  
Richard F. Shand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sulfolobus Solfataricus ◽  
Peptide Antibiotic ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Toxic Factor ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Assay Medium ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACT Few antibiotics targeting members of the archaeal domain are currently available for genetic studies. Since bacterial antibiotics are frequently directed against competing and related organisms, archaea by analogy might produce effective antiarchaeal antibiotics. Peptide antibiotic (halocin) preparations from euryarchaeal halophilic strains S8a, GN101, and TuA4 were found to be toxic for members of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeal genus Sulfolobus. No toxicity was evident against representative bacteria or eukarya. Halocin S8 (strain S8a) and halocin R1 (strain GN101) preparations were cytostatic, while halocin A4 (strain TuA4) preparations were cytocidal. Subsequent studies focused on the use of halocin A4 preparations andSulfolobus solfataricus. Strain TuA4 cell lysates were not toxic for S. solfataricus, and protease (but not nuclease) treatment of the halocin A4 preparation inactivated toxicity, indicating that the A4 toxic factor must be a secreted protein. Potassium chloride supplementation of the Sulfolobus assay medium potentiated toxicity, implicating use of a salt-dependent mechanism. The utility of halocin A4 preparations for genetic manipulation of S. solfataricus was assessed through the isolation of UV-induced resistant mutants. The mutants exhibited stable phenotypes and were placed into distinct classes based on their levels of resistance.

scholarly journals Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW V. Z. BROWER
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
Genomic Introgression

Mallet et al. (2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 28) employed a database of putative interspecific hybrid specimens of the genus Heliconius to advance a hypothesis of "the species boundary as a continuum." Here, each of those specimens, as well as subsequently documented specimens, is individually reassessed regarding its phenotype, potential parentage and chain of custody in collections. Using a quantified scale of reliability, most of the specimens are interpreted differently than Mallet et al.'s identifications, and the actual number of interspecific hybrids is estimated to be much smaller than they proposed. To be specific, of 163 putative hybrid specimens examined, 11% suffered from ambiguous identity, 5% from confounding issues with their data labels, 50% were arguably intraspecific (depending upon alternative species concepts), and 22% were almost certainly reared, commercial specimens. Only eleven of the specimens meet the criteria established here to be legitimate and reliable interspecific hybrids, and all of those are between closely-related species. This result has potentially important implications for current hypotheses of frequent genomic introgression of wing pattern alleles among Heliconius clades. 

Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in interspecific crosses of Piceaglauca and Piceaomorika

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. David ◽  
Daniel E. Keathley
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Serbian Spruce

Fifteen interspecific hybrids of Serbian spruce (Piceaomorika (Panc) Purkyne) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) representing five separate crosses, including reciprocals, were used to demonstrate maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. Total DNA was extracted from foliage samples of Serbian spruce (S), white spruce (W), and both S(♂) × W(♀) and W(♂) × S(♀) hybrids, digested and probed with one of two maize mitochondrial genes, ATPaseα or COXII. ATPaseα generated diagnostic Serbian and white spruce genotypes for all five enzymes tested, while COXII differentiated between the two species for four of five enzymes. Maternal inheritance was indicated in all hybrids for every diagnostic enzyme–probe combination. No paternal or nonparental bands were detected. A dilution experiment indicated that the Serbian and white spruce mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms could be detected in as little as 60 and 500 ng of total DNA, respectively. It appears that the mechanism that controls the inheritance of mitochondria in Picea is still functional in wide interspecific crosses.

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