Genetic mapping of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) applied to the detection of QTLs for alpha-acid content

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Cerenak ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
Branka Javornik
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Map Distance

The map locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were estimated for alpha-acid content in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite marker (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) genetic linkage maps constructed from a double pseudotestcross. The mapping population consisted of 111 progeny from a cross between the German hop cultivar 'Magnum', which exhibits high levels of alpha-acids, and a wild Slovene male hop, 2/1. The progeny segregated quantitatively for alpha-acid content determined in 2002, 2003, and 2004. The maternal map consisted of 96 markers mapped on 14 linkage groups defining 661.90 cM of total map distance. The paternal map included 70 markers assigned to 12 linkage groups covering 445.90 cM of hop genome. QTL analysis indicated 4 putative QTLs (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4) on linkage groups (LGs) 03, 01, 09, and 03 of the female map, respectively. QTLs explained 11.9%–24.8% of the phenotypic variance. The most promising QTL to be used in marker-assisted selection is alpha2, the peak of which colocated exactly with the AFLP marker. Three chalcone synthase-like genes (chs2, chs3, and chs4) involved in hop bitter acid synthesis mapped together on LG04 of the female map. Saturation of the maps, particularly the putative QTL regions, will be carried out using SSR markers, and the stability of the QTLs will be tested in the coming years.Key words: Humulus lupulus L., genetic maps, alpha-acid content, QTLs.

scholarly journals Transfer of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) alpha-bitter acid content to progenies of F1 and I1 generations in selected parental components

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
V. Nesvadba ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
K. Krofta
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
F1 Generation

In the period 1999–2001 the transfer of a-acid content from selected parents to their progenies was evaluated. Four female plants (English varieties Target and Yeoman, German variety Magnum and Czech variety Premiant) and four male plants from the gene resources of male hops (82/6, 86/4, 87/3, clone 72) were chosen as the initial material. Progenies of F1 generation of Magnum and Yeoman show significantly higher a-acid content compared to the progenies of other female hops. Progenies of F1 generation of male plants 86/4 and 87/3 show significantly higher a-acid content compared to the progenies of other male plants. Progenies of I1 generation of Magnum variety and male 86/4 contain the highest amount of a-acids. Progenies of F1 generation have higher a-acid content at the 99% probability level compared to the progenies of I1 generation. Progenies of both generations show nearly the same variability.

scholarly journals Analysis and prognosis of bitter acids content in Czech hop varieties - year 2018 and long-term comparisons and trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Alexandr Mikyška ◽  
Marie Jurková
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

This article presents the results of the harvest forecast of the alpha- and beta-bitter acids of the Czech hop varieties in the 2018 harvest, the results are discussed in relation to the long-term averages, the composition of the bitter acid analogs and the stability of the varietal characteristics. 180 hop samples were analyzed using EBC 7.7 (HPLC) method. The alpha-acid content of the most important Saaz variety (2.9% in dry matter) was identical to the 2017 harvest and 18% rel. lower than the 26-year average. The alpha-acid content of Sladek (5.0%), Premiant (4.8%), and Saaz Late (1.6%) varieties was significantly lower than the long-term average. The harvest of the hops of the Kazbek and Agnus varieties was close to the long-term average. The ratio of alpha- and beta-acids, the relative content of cohumulone and the relative content of colupulone were consistent with long-term averages for the tested varieties. It was confirmed, that the harvest forecast gives timely information on the alpha-acids content of the harvest, the results were in good agreement with the values of the final evaluation of all harvested hops samples.

A gene controlling sex in grapevines placed on a molecular marker-based genetic map

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Dalbó ◽  
G N Ye ◽  
N F Weeden ◽  
H Steinkellner ◽  
K M Sefc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Map Distance

Genetic maps of Vitis (2n = 38) have been constructed from an interspecific hybrid population of 58 seedlings of the cross 'Horizon' ('Seyval' × 'Schuyler') × Illinois 547-1 (V. cinerea B9 × V. rupestris B38). The maps were initially constructed based on 277 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers using a double-pseudotestcross strategy. Subsequently, 25 microsatellites, 4 CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence), and 12 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers were added to the maps. Another 120 markers, mostly those segregating 3:1, were also assigned but not positioned on the linkage groups in the two maps. The 'Horizon' map consisted of 153 markers covering 1199 cM, with an average map distance of 7.6 cM between markers. The Illinois 547-1 map had 179 markers covering 1470 cM, with an average map distance of 8.1 cM. There were 20 linkage groups in each map, one more than the basic number of chromosomes in grapes. Ten linkage groups in each map were identified as homologous using 16 microsatellite and 2 CAPS markers polymorphic in both parents. A single locus controlling sex in grapes mapped close to a microsatellite marker. These maps provide enough coverage of the genome for QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis and as a starting point for positional gene cloning in grapes. Key words: Vitis, RAPD, microsatellite, SSR, CAPS.

Identification of QTLs for alpha acid content and yield in hop (Humulus Lupulus L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Cerenak ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
Jernej Jakse ◽  
Zlata Luthar ◽  
Klaudija Carovic-Stanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L

scholarly journals The impact of weather conditions on alpha-acid content in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cv. Aurora

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
Douglas MacKinnon ◽  
Viljem Pavlovič ◽  
Barbara Čeh ◽  
Boštjan Naglič ◽  
Martin Pavlovič
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Impact

The influence of four main weather attributes on the content of alpha-acids of the hop cv. Aurora for the period 1994–2019 was studied. By analysing correlation coefficients, specific times of the year when the weather conditions affect the alpha-acid content with the goal of creating a forecasting model in Slovenia were identified. The most significant periods of weather that impacted the alpha-acid contents throughout the growing time of year are recognised as attributes of temperatures (T), rainfall (R) and sunshine (S) calculated from the 25<sup>th</sup> to 30<sup>th</sup> week (T<sub>2530</sub>, r = –0.78, P &lt; 0.01; R<sub>2529</sub>, r = 0.72, P &lt; 0.01 and S<sub>2529</sub>, r = –0.81, P &lt; 0.01) and attributes of relative humidity (RH) from the 27<sup>th</sup> to 32<sup>nd</sup> week (RH<sub>2732</sub>, r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.01). T<sub>2530</sub> stands for the amount of active temperatures from June 18 to July 29. Likewise, R<sub>2530</sub> matches to the precipitation (in mm or L/m<sup>2</sup>) during the same time period.  

scholarly journals Developmental regulation of lupulin gland-associated genes in aromatic and bitter hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Patzak ◽  
Alena Henychová ◽  
Jaroslav Matoušek
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
Developmental Differentiation

Abstract Background Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) bitter acids are valuable metabolites for the brewing industry. They are biosynthesized and accumulate in glandular trichomes of the female inflorescence (hop cone). The content of alpha bitter acids, such as humulones, in hop cones can differentiate aromatic from bitter hop cultivars. These contents are subject to genetic and environmental control but significantly correlate with the number and size of glandular trichomes (lupulin glands). Results We evaluated the expression levels of 37 genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis and morphological and developmental differentiation of glandular trichomes to identify key regulatory factors involved in bitter acid content differences. For bitter acid biosynthesis genes, upregulation of humulone synthase genes, which are important for the biosynthesis of alpha bitter acids in lupulin glands, could explain the higher accumulation of alpha bitter acids in bitter hops. Several transcription factors, including HlETC1, HlMYB61 and HlMYB5 from the MYB family, as well as HlGLABRA2, HlCYCB2–4, HlZFP8 and HlYABBY1, were also more highly expressed in the bitter hop cultivars; therefore, these factors may be important for the higher density of lupulin glands also seen in the bitter hop cultivars. Conclusions Gene expression analyses enabled us to investigate the differences between aromatic and bitter hops. This study confirmed that the bitter acid content in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) is dependent on the last step of alpha bitter acid biosynthesis and glandular trichome density.

scholarly journals New fine aroma varieties of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Saaz Brilliant, Saaz Comfort, Saaz Shine and Mimosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Vladimír Nesvadba ◽  
Jitka Charvátová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L

Four new aroma hop varieties – Saaz Brilliant, Saaz Comfort, Saaz Shine and Mimosa – were registered in the Czech Republic in 2019. All of the new hop varieties have significantly higher yields than the traditional Saaz aroma variety. Saaz Comfort has the significantly highest content of alpha acids (5.59%) whereas Mimosa has the significantly lowest content of alpha acids (1.90%). The Saaz Comfort and Saaz Brilliant varieties show a variability of alpha acid content below 20%. The other hop varieties, Saaz Shine and Mimosa, as well as Saaz, have a variability of alpha acid content above 25%. Mimosa has the significantly highest content of beta acids (6.07%). Mimosa shows the highest average cohumulone content (29.29% rel.) whereas Saaz Comfort has the lowest cohumulone content (18.04% rel.). Saaz Comfort and Saaz Shine have the highest average contents of hop essential oils (0.84% w. and 0.75% w., respectively). The Saaz, Saaz Shine and Saaz Brilliant varieties show the significantly highest farnesene contents (13.47% rel., 12.50% rel. and 12.38% rel., respectively), which are higher than those of Saaz Comfort and Mimosa.

Detection of quantitative trait loci for wood strength in Cryptomeria japonica

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1525-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritsugu Kuramoto ◽  
Teiji Kondo ◽  
Yoshitake Fujisawa ◽  
Ryogo Nakata ◽  
Eiji Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Wood Strength ◽  
Map Distance

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (sugi) is one of the most important forest tree species in Japan. The progeny of a cross between the cultivars Iwao-sugi and Boka-sugi were analyzed using RAPD markers, with the pseudo-test-cross strategy, to construct linkage maps of the parental cultivars. A total of 355 segregating loci were detected among 72 offspring: 200 and 155 markers being distributed in Iwao-sugi and Boka-sugi, respectively. In Iwao-sugi, 119 markers with confirmed map positions were assigned to 21 linkage groups covering 1756.4 cM. In Boka-sugi, 84 markers with confirmed map positions were assigned to 14 linkage groups covering 1111.9 cM. The framework map distance in Iwao-sugi and Boka-sugi provides about 62 and 40% coverage, respectively, of the total genome, estimated to be approximately 2800 cM in length. Using genetic linkage maps constructed in this study, 15 QTLs were detected that are associated with the modulus of elasticity (MOE), an important indicator of wood strength. The QTLs for MOE explained about 45% of its total phenotypic variance. Some QTLs associated with different phenotypic traits were located on the same linkage groups. Some of the QTLs for MOE measured by two different methods (the hanging method and the tapping method) were located independently on the different linkage groups.

Aroma profile and bitter acid characterization of hop cones (Humulus lupulus L.) of five healthy and infected Polish cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pistelli ◽  
B. Ferri ◽  
P.L. Cioni ◽  
M. Koziara ◽  
M. Agacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Bitter Acid

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to Pseudoperonospora humuli and of the content of alpha acids and hop oils in hops of selected genetic resources of hop Humulus lupulus L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Trefilová ◽  
Vladimír Nesvadba ◽  
Jitka Charvátová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Humuli ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
In The Wild

Twenty hop genotypes were selected for the evaluation of resistance to primary and secondary Pseudoperonospora humuli infection and of alpha acid and hop oil content in the hops. From the wild hop genotypes, two from Canada and one from Belgium showed resistance. Among the registered hop varieties, the Czech varieties Kazbek and Boomerang were the most resistant. Both wild hop genotypes from Canada showed the highest content of alpha acids among the wild hop entries, namely 4% w/w. The lowest variability of the alpha acid content in the wild hop category was found in two wild hop varieties from the Caucasus, one from Austria and one from Lithuania. The highest content of hop oils was determined in two hop genotypes from Canada and two from Belgium. Wild hop genotypes from the Caucasus have the lowest variability of hop oils among the wild hop entries. Two hop genotypes from Canada and one from Belgium were selected for breeding aimed at drought resistance.

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