scholarly journals Analysis and prognosis of bitter acids content in Czech hop varieties - year 2018 and long-term comparisons and trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Alexandr Mikyška ◽  
Marie Jurková
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

This article presents the results of the harvest forecast of the alpha- and beta-bitter acids of the Czech hop varieties in the 2018 harvest, the results are discussed in relation to the long-term averages, the composition of the bitter acid analogs and the stability of the varietal characteristics. 180 hop samples were analyzed using EBC 7.7 (HPLC) method. The alpha-acid content of the most important Saaz variety (2.9% in dry matter) was identical to the 2017 harvest and 18% rel. lower than the 26-year average. The alpha-acid content of Sladek (5.0%), Premiant (4.8%), and Saaz Late (1.6%) varieties was significantly lower than the long-term average. The harvest of the hops of the Kazbek and Agnus varieties was close to the long-term average. The ratio of alpha- and beta-acids, the relative content of cohumulone and the relative content of colupulone were consistent with long-term averages for the tested varieties. It was confirmed, that the harvest forecast gives timely information on the alpha-acids content of the harvest, the results were in good agreement with the values of the final evaluation of all harvested hops samples.

scholarly journals Analysis and prognosis of bitter acids content in Czech hop varieties – year 2020 and long-term comparisons and trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-483
Author(s):  
Alexandr Mikyška ◽  
Klára Belešová ◽  
Jana Tichá
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Important Variety ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
Good Agreement

The article deals with the harvest forecast of the content of bitter acids in Czech hop varieties harvested in 2020. This is presented in the context of long-term trends in the content and composition of bitter acids analogues and the stability of the varietal characteristics in the aforementioned harvest. This analysis is usually available at the end of the calendar year. 180 hop samples were analysed using EBC 7.7 (HPLC) method. The α-acids content in the most important variety of Saaz (3.65% in dry matter) was 12.8% rel. higher than in the 2019 harvest and 4.2% rel. higher than the 28-year average. The α-acids content in Saaz Late (3.23%), Sladek (7.9%), Kazbek (6.4%) and Agnus (12.4%) was significantly higher than both the long-term averages for the varieties and the harvest of 2019. The Premiant (8.0%) variety was close to the long-term average. The ratio of α-/β-acids, the relative content of cohumulone and the relative content of colupulone were consistent with long-term averages of the tested varieties. It was confirmed that the harvest forecast provides timely information on the α-acids content of the given harvest, the results being in good agreement with the values of the final evaluation of all harvested hops.

scholarly journals PATMOS-x: Results from a Diurnally Corrected 30-yr Satellite Cloud Climatology

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Foster ◽  
Andrew Heidinger
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Diurnal Correction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Satellite drift is a historical issue affecting the consistency of those few satellite records capable of being used for studies on climate time scales. Here, the authors address this issue for the Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS-x)/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloudiness record, which spans three decades and 11 disparate sensors. A two-harmonic sinusoidal function is fit to a mean diurnal cycle of cloudiness derived over the course of the entire AVHRR record. The authors validate this function against measurements from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensors, finding good agreement, and then test the stability of the diurnal cycle over the course of the AVHRR record. It is found that the diurnal cycle is subject to some interannual variability over land but that the differences are somewhat offset when averaged over an entire day. The fit function is used to generate daily averaged time series of ice, water, and total cloudiness over the tropics, where it is found that the diurnal correction affects the magnitude and even the sign of long-term cloudiness trends. A statistical method is applied to determine the minimum length of time required to detect significant trends, and the authors find that only recently have they begun generating satellite records of sufficient length to detect trends in cloudiness.

Genetic mapping of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) applied to the detection of QTLs for alpha-acid content

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Cerenak ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
Branka Javornik
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Map Distance

The map locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were estimated for alpha-acid content in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite marker (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) genetic linkage maps constructed from a double pseudotestcross. The mapping population consisted of 111 progeny from a cross between the German hop cultivar 'Magnum', which exhibits high levels of alpha-acids, and a wild Slovene male hop, 2/1. The progeny segregated quantitatively for alpha-acid content determined in 2002, 2003, and 2004. The maternal map consisted of 96 markers mapped on 14 linkage groups defining 661.90 cM of total map distance. The paternal map included 70 markers assigned to 12 linkage groups covering 445.90 cM of hop genome. QTL analysis indicated 4 putative QTLs (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4) on linkage groups (LGs) 03, 01, 09, and 03 of the female map, respectively. QTLs explained 11.9%–24.8% of the phenotypic variance. The most promising QTL to be used in marker-assisted selection is alpha2, the peak of which colocated exactly with the AFLP marker. Three chalcone synthase-like genes (chs2, chs3, and chs4) involved in hop bitter acid synthesis mapped together on LG04 of the female map. Saturation of the maps, particularly the putative QTL regions, will be carried out using SSR markers, and the stability of the QTLs will be tested in the coming years.Key words: Humulus lupulus L., genetic maps, alpha-acid content, QTLs.

scholarly journals Developmental regulation of lupulin gland-associated genes in aromatic and bitter hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Patzak ◽  
Alena Henychová ◽  
Jaroslav Matoušek
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
Developmental Differentiation

Abstract Background Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) bitter acids are valuable metabolites for the brewing industry. They are biosynthesized and accumulate in glandular trichomes of the female inflorescence (hop cone). The content of alpha bitter acids, such as humulones, in hop cones can differentiate aromatic from bitter hop cultivars. These contents are subject to genetic and environmental control but significantly correlate with the number and size of glandular trichomes (lupulin glands). Results We evaluated the expression levels of 37 genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis and morphological and developmental differentiation of glandular trichomes to identify key regulatory factors involved in bitter acid content differences. For bitter acid biosynthesis genes, upregulation of humulone synthase genes, which are important for the biosynthesis of alpha bitter acids in lupulin glands, could explain the higher accumulation of alpha bitter acids in bitter hops. Several transcription factors, including HlETC1, HlMYB61 and HlMYB5 from the MYB family, as well as HlGLABRA2, HlCYCB2–4, HlZFP8 and HlYABBY1, were also more highly expressed in the bitter hop cultivars; therefore, these factors may be important for the higher density of lupulin glands also seen in the bitter hop cultivars. Conclusions Gene expression analyses enabled us to investigate the differences between aromatic and bitter hops. This study confirmed that the bitter acid content in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) is dependent on the last step of alpha bitter acid biosynthesis and glandular trichome density.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Duration and Atmosphere on the Content and Price of Hop Alpha Bitter Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
A. Rybka ◽  
J. Melč ◽  
P. Heřmánek ◽  
I. Honzík
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid

Abstract The quality of hops is significantly affected by the content of alpha bitter acids. Maintaining it with minimum losses lies within the competence of both the hop grower and processor depending on how they follow the optimum harvest technology, storage conditions, and post-harvest hop processing. That indicator is considerably affected by the hop storage method, i.e. whether the warehouse is air-conditioned or not, as well as the storage duration. The alpha bitter acid content should not be reduced during storage. The objective of this paper is an analysis of the alpha bitter acid content in the Saaz hop variety in a technological sequence of operations starting with drying at the grower and finishing with six-month storing at the processor, with three storage variants: an air-conditioned warehouse, non-conditioned warehouse, and a variant in which the square bale is moved after 60 days from a non-conditioned warehouse into an air-conditioned warehouse. The analysis of samples to identify the alpha bitter acid content was carried out by means of the ASBC Hops-6 and the HPLC EBC 7.7 methods. Practically in all cases the alpha content declines, although if a square bale is placed in an air-conditioned warehouse this decline is the lowest depending on the storage duration. The economic analysis shows a significant profit referring to the price of alpha contained in 1 t of hops stored in an air-conditioned warehouse. At the date of 1/11/2015 this profit was 14 706 CZK, at the date of 4/1/2016 it was 7646 CZK, and at 1/3/2016 the profit was 6587 CZK.

Historic Buildings: Long Term Stability Evaluation Using Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yong Wu ◽  
Daniele Zonta ◽  
Matteo Pozzi ◽  
Paolo Zanon ◽  
Michele Corrà
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

An automatic diagnostic monitoring system can guarantee the safety and integrity of a historic building. In this paper, we describe the long term application of a wireless sensor network (WSN) for permanent health monitoring in the Torre Aquila, a historic tower in Trento, Italy. The system consists of accelerometers, thermometers and fiber optic sensors (FOS) with customized wireless modules and dedicated software designed for wireless communication. The whole system was completed and started operation in September 2008, and data from the various sensor nodes are collected continuously, save during periods of system maintenance and update. Based on the first 1.5 years of operation in assessing the stability of the tower, the WSN is seen to be an effective tool. Modal analysis indicates that the tower has two independent structural parts. A comparison between the acquired long term deformation measurements and simulated numerical results shows good agreement. Monitoring of ambient vibration suggests that such vibration is not now a source of concern for the stability of the tower.

Determination of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine, with special attention to retaining their stability

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Gerrits ◽  
J H Thijssen ◽  
H J van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Pyridinium Crosslinks ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
C Storage ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Urinary excretion of the pyridinium crosslinks pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) is used as a biochemical marker of bone resorption. The present study was undertaken to determine the long-term stability of these compounds in stored urine, using the HPLC method. Systematic investigation of their chemical stability in urine demonstrated that both the free and conjugated forms of Pyr and Dpyr are extremely stable: No significant changes were observed after 6 weeks at -20 degrees C storage (e.g., free Pyr 9.6 +/- 1.2 mumol/mol creatinine (before) and 10.6 +/- 3.2 (after); free Dpyr 2.3 +/- 0.2 mumol/mol creatinine (before) and 2.5 +/- 1.2 (after)). These results predict stability of urines stored for 10-20 years at -20 degrees C in the dark. Also, freezing and thawing as many as 10 times had no effect on the concentrations of the crosslinks. Study of the stability of the excretion pattern in healthy women showed substantially higher variations in excretions of free and total Dpyr (18% and 13%, respectively) than of Pyr (10% for both forms).

The Stability of the WHO Reference Thromboplastin NIBS & C 67/40

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.

Application of the method of mathematical modeling for forecasting channel deformations at the underwater crossing of the main pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Valery А. Gruzdev ◽  
◽  
Georgy V. Mosolov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Sabayda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Channel Deformations ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Protective Structures

In order to determine the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling for making long-term forecasts of channel deformations of trunk line underwater crossing (TLUC) through water obstacles, a methodology for performing and analyzing the results of mathematical modeling of channel deformations in the TLUC zone across the Kuban River is considered. Within the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: 1) the format and composition of the initial data necessary for mathematical modeling were determined; 2) the procedure for assigning the boundaries of the computational domain of the model was considered, the computational domain was broken down into the computational grid, the zoning of the computational domain was performed by the value of the roughness coefficient; 3) the analysis of the results of modeling the water flow was carried out without taking the bottom deformations into account, as well as modeling the bottom deformations, the specifics of the verification and calibration calculations were determined to build a reliable mathematical model; 4) considered the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling to check the stability of the bottom in the area of TLUC in the presence of man-made dumping or protective structure. It has been established that modeling the flow hydraulics and structure of currents, making short-term forecasts of local high-altitude reshaping of the bottom, determining the tendencies of erosion and accumulation of sediments upstream and downstream of protective structures are applicable for predicting channel deformations in the zone of the TLUC. In all these cases, it is mandatory to have materials from engineering-hydro-meteorological and engineering-geological surveys in an amount sufficient to compile a reliable mathematical model.

Influence of internal and external risks on sustainability of financial system of Аltai krai

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R. N. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of internal and external risks on the stability of the financial system of the Altai Territory. Classification of internal and external risks of decline, affecting the sustainable development of the financial system, is presented. A risk management strategy is proposed that will allow monitoring of risks, thereby these measures will help reduce the loss of financial stability and ensure the long-term development of the economy of the region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document