Mapping of major spot-type and net-type net-blotch resistance genes in the Ethiopian barley line CI 9819

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1564-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Manninen ◽  
M. Jalli ◽  
R. Kalendar ◽  
A. Schulman ◽  
O. Afanasenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Barley Line ◽  
Infection Response ◽  
Spot Type

Net blotch of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), caused by the fungal phytopathogen Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg., constitutes one of the most serious constraints to barley production worldwide. Two forms of the disease, the net form, caused by P. teres f. teres, and the spot form, caused by P. teres f. maculata, are differentiated by the type of symptoms on leaves. Several barley lines with major gene resistance to net blotch have been identified. Earlier, one of these was mapped in the Rolfi × CI 9819 cross to barley chromosome 6H, using a mixture of 4 Finnish isolates of P. teres f. teres. In this study, we used the same barley progeny to map resistance to 4 spot-type isolates and 4 net-type isolates of P. teres. With all net-type isolates, a major resistance gene was located on chromosome 6H, in the same position as described previously, explaining up to 88% of the phenotypic variation in infection response in the progeny. We designate this gene Rpt5. Several minor resistance genes were located on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H. These minor genes were not genuinely isolate-specific, but their effect varied among isolates and experiments. When the spot-type isolates were used for infection, a major isolate-specific resistance gene was located on chromosome 5H, close to microsatellite marker HVLEU, explaining up to 84% of the phenotypic variation in infection response in the progeny. We designate this gene Rpt6. No minor gene effects were detected in spot-type isolates. The Ethiopian 2-rowed barley line CI 9819 thus carries at least 2 independent major genes for net-blotch resistance: Rpt5, active against net-type isolates; and Rpt6, active against specific spot-type isolates.

scholarly journals Mapping and QTL analysis of the barley population Sloop × Halcyon

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Read ◽  
H. Raman ◽  
G. McMichael ◽  
K. J. Chalmers ◽  
G. A. Ablett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Grain Colour ◽  
Emergence Response

A genetic linkage map of Hordeum vulgare L. 1280 cM in length, composed of 257 AFLP, RFLP, SNP, and microsatellite markers, has been constructed. The map was based on a doubled haploid population made from the cross Sloop (spring type) × Halcyon (winter type). The genetic map was used to identify qualitative major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting traits related to growth and flowering, grain colour, and disease resistance. Nine QTLs associated with grain colour (brightness, redness, yellowness, blue aleurone colour), plant height, 'intrinsic lateness', awn emergence, response to photoperiod, and spring or winter habit were located on 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, and 5H. Eight QTLs associated with resistance to scald, net form of net blotch, leaf rust and powdery mildew were identified on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, and 7H. The estimated magnitude of the QTL effects ranged from 9 to 85% of the total phenotypic variance. Resistances to leaf scald, net blotch, and leaf rust, and photoperiod and grain colour, were each controlled by at least one major gene.

scholarly journals Identification of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, Causal Agent of Spot Type Net Blotch of Barley in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Liu ◽  
T. L. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Spot Type

Net blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) is found in two forms, net form net blotch (NFNB) and spot form net blotch (SFNB). When inoculated on susceptible varieties, P. teres f. teres produces lesions with a characteristic net-like pattern surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis (NFNB), whereas P. teres f. maculata produces lesions consisting of spots surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis (SFNB). Recently, epidemics of SFNB have occurred throughout the world (4). Currently, net blotch is a significant foliar disease of barley in the North Dakota-Northwestern Minnesota agricultural region, a leading barley-production area. Diseased barley leaf tissue was collected annually from 2004 to 2008 in Fargo and Langdon, ND. Diseased leaves were incubated to promote sporulation. Ten single-spore isolates of P. teres collected from each location each year were tested for virulence by inoculation on 20 commonly used barley net blotch differential lines. Among the 100 isolates collected, one isolate collected in Fargo in 2006 (FGOH06Pt-8) and one isolate collected in Langdon in 2008 (LDNH08Pt-4) were identified as P. teres f. maculata due to their induction of spot-type lesions across the differential set. Conidial morphology of the two isolates was similar to P. teres f. teres isolates. A pathogenicity test of all isolates was performed on regional barley cvs. Tradition, Robust, and Lacey as well as barley lines Rika and Kombar (1) as previously described (3). The net form isolate 0-1 and spot form isolate DEN2.6 (obtained from B. Steffenson, University of Minnesota) were used as controls. The P. teres f. teres isolate 0-1 produced typical net type symptoms on all barley lines except the resistant line Rika, in which only small, dark spots were observed. DEN2.6 produced pin-point spot-like lesions with an extensive yellow halo on Robust, Lacey, Rika, and Kombar, but without chlorosis on Tradition. The two newly identified isolates induced elliptical spot-type lesions measuring 3 × 6 mm, larger than those produced by P. teres f. maculata isolate DEN 2.6, suggesting a higher level of virulence. We constructed a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree using ClustalW2 ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ ) based on sequence identity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from 0-1 (GenBank No. GU014819), DEN2.6 (GenBank No. GU014820), FGOH06Pt-8 (GenBank No. GU014821), and LDNH08Pt-4 (GenBank No. GU014822) as well as P. teres f. maculata, P. teres f. teres, and P. tritici-repentis (causal agent of tan spot of wheat) accessions obtained from GenBank (2). All P. teres isolates clustered together and were clearly separated from the P. tritici-repentis cluster. Isolates FGOH06Pt-8 and LDNH08Pt-4 had identical ITS sequences and differed from DEN2.6 by only a single nucleotide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. teres f. maculata in North Dakota. Resistance to SFNB should now be considered in local barley breeding programs and cultivar releases. Reference: (1) M. Abu Qamar. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1261, 2008. (2) R. M. Andrie et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45:363, 2008. (3) Z. Lai et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 44:323, 2007. (4) M. S. McLean et al. Crop Pasture Sci. 60:303, 2009.

Trisomic analysis of genes for resistance to scald and net blotch in several barley cultivars

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (15) ◽  
pp. 2142-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Bockelman ◽  
E. L. Sharp ◽  
R. F. Eslick
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Trisomic Analysis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Segregation Ratios

Barley cultivars Kitchin (C.I. 1296) and Jet (C.I. 967), resistant to scald (incited by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis), and cultivars Tifang (C.I. 14373), C.I. 9819, and C.I. 7584, resistant to net blotch (incited by Pyrenophora teres Drechs.), were crossed to the primary trisomics in the cultivar Betzes. F2 segregation ratios were studied to determine chromosomal location of the resistance genes. Kitchin was found to contain a single scald-resistance gene, Rrs9, on chromosome 4. Jet contained scald-resistance genes rrs1 and rrs6 on chromosomes 3 and 4, respectively. Tifang contained a single gene, Rpt1a, for net-blotch-resistance on chromosome 3. C.I. 7584 contained a single net-blotch-resistance gene, Rpt3d, on chromosome 2. C.I. 9819 contained net-blotch-resistance genes Rpt1b and Rpt2c on chromosome 3 and 5. Some uses of this information are discussed.

scholarly journals Newly discovered genes for resistance to powdery mildew in the subtelomeric region of the short arm of barley chromosome 7H

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soldánová ◽  
J. Ištvánek ◽  
J. Řepková ◽  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Subtelomeric Region ◽  
Resistance Reaction ◽  
Mla Locus ◽  
Dominant Genes

Two dominant genes for resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) from the PI296825 and PI466461 accessions of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) were identified close to the subtelomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 7H. Genetic analyses predicted two resistance loci in F<sub>2</sub> populations established from crosses between each of the two accessions and the winter barley (H. vulgare) variety Tiffany. Genetic mapping revealed a highly effective (52% of phenotypic variation) resistance gene from PI296825 located between the markers GBMS192 and GBM1060. In F<sub>2</sub> plants exhibiting resistance reaction types (RT) 0 to RT1&ndash;2, specific DNA fragments for co-segregating markers were amplified. In plants with RT2 and RT2&ndash;3, the resistance was conferred by another unidentified resistance gene. In PI466461, the resistance gene found on the short arm of chromosome 7H was flanked by the markers GBM1126 and GBM1060. Another resistance gene coincided with the Mla locus. Resistance in RT0 plants was conferred by both resistance genes, which accounted for 58% of the total phenotypic variation. The two resistance genes with the same location on chromosome 7H have different phenotypic effects on the resistance in RT0 plants; therefore, the resistance alleles could be at different loci.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Barley Net Blotch Resistance Genes

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. O'Boyle ◽  
Wynse S. Brooks ◽  
Brian J. Steffenson ◽  
Erik L. Stromberg ◽  
Carl A. Griffey
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
Dominant Genes

Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres, is one of the most devastating diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Efficient utilization of available resistance sources is dependent upon successful characterization of genes conditioning resistance in diverse sources. Five net-blotch-resistant parents and one susceptible parent were intercrossed to identify novel resistance genes and postulate gene number and mode of inheritance. Seedling response to isolate ND89-19 was evaluated in a greenhouse test. Results indicate that the resistant spring barley lines CIho 2291 and CIho 5098 and the winter barley cv. Nomini each have single dominant genes for resistance. Resistance in CIho 5098 is governed by the same dominant gene conferring resistance in Nomini. Resistance in CIho 2291 is controlled by one dominant gene which, putatively, is the same gene conferring resistance in ND B112 but differs from the resistance genes carried by the other parents in this study. The resistance gene in Nomini or CIho 5098 could be pyramided with the resistance gene in CIho 2291 or ND B112 to enhance the durability of resistance against a wide spectrum of P. teres isolates.

The Arabidopsis RPS4 bacterial-resistance gene is a member of the TIR-NBS-LRR family of disease-resistance genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gassmann ◽  
Matthew E. Hinsch ◽  
Brian J. Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes

scholarly journals Maximum Likelihood Analysis of Rare Binary Traits Under Different Modes of Inheritance

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Thaller ◽  
L Dempfle ◽  
I Hoeschele
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Statistic ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Binary Traits ◽  
Deterministic Algorithms

Abstract Maximum likelihood methodology was applied to determine the mode of inheritance of rare binary traits with data structures typical for swine populations. The genetic models considered included a monogenic, a digenic, a polygenic, and three mixed polygenic and major gene models. The main emphasis was on the detection of major genes acting on a polygenic background. Deterministic algorithms were employed to integrate and maximize likelihoods. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate model selection and parameter estimation. Three designs were simulated that differed in the number of sires/number of dams within sires (10/10, 30/30, 100/30). Major gene effects of at least one SD of the liability were detected with satisfactory power under the mixed model of inheritance, except for the smallest design. Parameter estimates were empirically unbiased with acceptable standard errors, except for the smallest design, and allowed to distinguish clearly between the genetic models. Distributions of the likelihood ratio statistic were evaluated empirically, because asymptotic theory did not hold. For each simulation model, the Average Information Criterion was computed for all models of analysis. The model with the smallest value was chosen as the best model and was equal to the true model in almost every case studied.

scholarly journals Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shan Wan ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yanjun Pang ◽  
Fugen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.

Organization, Expression and Evolution of a Disease Resistance Gene Cluster in Soybean

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1977
Author(s):  
Michelle A Graham ◽  
Laura Fredrick Marek ◽  
Randy C Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Specific Primers

Abstract PCR amplification was previously used to identify a cluster of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) on soybean linkage group J. Resistance to powdery mildew (Rmd-c), Phytophthora stem and root rot (Rps2), and an ineffective nodulation gene (Rj2) map within this cluster. BAC fingerprinting and RGA-specific primers were used to develop a contig of BAC clones spanning this region in cultivar “Williams 82” [rps2, Rmd (adult onset), rj2]. Two cDNAs with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of R-genes have also been mapped to opposite ends of a BAC in the contig Gm_Isb001_091F11 (BAC 91F11). Sequence analyses of BAC 91F11 identified 16 different resistance-like gene (RLG) sequences with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of disease resistance genes. Four of these RLGs represent two potentially novel classes of disease resistance genes: TIR/NBD domains fused inframe to a putative defense-related protein (NtPRp27-like) and TIR domains fused inframe to soybean calmodulin Ca2+-binding domains. RT-PCR analyses using gene-specific primers allowed us to monitor the expression of individual genes in different tissues and developmental stages. Three genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, while three were differentially expressed. Analyses of the R-genes within this BAC suggest that R-gene evolution in soybean is a complex and dynamic process.

Kernel colour varies with cultivars and environments in barley

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Edney ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Key Words Barley

Kernel colour is an important marketing trait for both malting and feed barleys. Therefore a study was initiated to investigate the kernel colour of 75 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars at three locations (Charlottetown, Ottawa and Bentley) across Canada in 1991 and 1992. Kernel colour was measured by an Instrumar Colormet Spectrocolorimeter. Kernel colour was found to be brighter at the two locations in eastern Canada (Charlottetown and Ottawa) than at the location in western Canada (Bentley). Two-row cultivars on average were more discoloured than six-row cultivars; eastern two-row were more discoloured than western two-row. Covered barleys were less discoloured than hulless barleys in five of the six environments, but covered barleys at Bentley in 1992 were more discoloured than hulless barleys. Kernel discolouration appeared to be associated with susceptibility to net blotch for six-row cultivars. More studies are needed on kernel discolouration of barley. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, kernel colour

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