RADIO-SENSITIVITY IN RAGI (ELEUSINE CORACANA)

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Goud ◽  
K. Muraleedharan Nayar ◽  
M. Goalkrishna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Acute Dosage ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Radio Sensitivity

Dry seeds of three varieties of ragi (Eleusine coracana) were subjected to gamma irradiation with acute dosage of 20 Kr and 30 Kr. The mutagenic effects of gamma rays in the M1 generation and the mutation frequency with regard to chlorophyll and viable mutations in the M2 generation were studied.The LD50 appears to be around 30 Kr for ragi, although there are enormous varietal differences. Purna is the least and H22 the most sensitive to gamma irradiation in the M1 generation. There is a direct correlation between the radiation effect produced as measured by seedling growth, pollen fertility and seed fertility with the dosage used. Multivalent formation, lagging chromosomes and stickiness, etc. were observed in meiotic studies in the M1 generation.The frequency of chlorophyll mutations was less in populations irradiated with 30 Kr than with 20 Kr. A wide spectrum and a high frequency of viable mutations were produced in Purna. The mutation frequency (viable + chlorophyll) increased with the dosage. The 200 isolated viable mutations included many agronomic types which are useful either directly or in conventional plant breeding.

Comparative Studies on Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency in Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanka ◽  
R. Sudhagar ◽  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
K. Ganesamurthy ◽  
J. Souframanien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Background: Two horsegram varieties viz., PAIYUR 2 and CRIDA1-18R were mutated with gamma rays (G), electron beam (EB), G+EB and G+EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) to determine the mutagenic potency in breeding programme.Methods: Uniform seeds treated with different mutagenic doses were raised in randomized block design which constituted M1 generation. Each plant was harvested individually and forwarded to M2 generation following plant to progeny row method.Result: A dose dependant decline was observed for seed germination, plant survival, root length, shoot length, plant height, pollen fertility and seed fertility in M1 population. Wide spectrum of chlorophyll mutants was induced in M2 generation with maximum frequency at EB followed by combination treatments (G+EMS and G+EB) in both varieties. The mutagenic effectiveness ranged from 0.14 per cent to 1.45 per cent in PAIYUR 2 and 0.15 per cent to 1.71 per cent in CRIDA1-18R. The high mutation rate for effectiveness was exhibited by G and G+EB. With reference to sterility, EB was found to be efficient mutagen in both varieties whereas varied efficiency was noted for lethality (EB - PAIYUR 2; G+EMS - CRIDA1-18R) and injury (G - PAIYUR 2; G+EMS - CRIDA1-18R). 

scholarly journals Frequency and Spectrum of Mutations Induced by Gamma Rays Revealed by Phenotype Screening and Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing in Arabidopsis thaliana

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Yan Du ◽  
Zhuo Feng ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Wenjie Jin ◽  
Zhuanzi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Single Base ◽  
Small Indels ◽  
Phenotype Screening ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Genetic variations are an important source of germplasm diversity, as it provides an allele resource that contributes to the development of new traits for plant breeding. Gamma rays have been widely used as a physical agent for mutation creation in plants, and their mutagenic effect has attracted extensive attention. However, few studies are available on the comprehensive mutation profile at both the large-scale phenotype mutation screening and whole-genome mutation scanning. In this study, biological effects on M1 generation, large-scale phenotype screening in M2 generation, as well as whole-genome re-sequencing of seven M3 phenotype-visible lines were carried out to comprehensively evaluate the mutagenic effects of gamma rays on Arabidopsis thaliana. A total of 417 plants with visible mutated phenotypes were isolated from 20,502 M2 plants, and the phenotypic mutation frequency of gamma rays was 2.03% in Arabidopsis thaliana. On average, there were 21.57 single-base substitutions (SBSs) and 11.57 small insertions and deletions (InDels) in each line. Single-base InDels accounts for 66.7% of the small InDels. The genomic mutation frequency was 2.78 × 10−10/bp/Gy. The ratio of transition/transversion was 1.60, and 64.28% of the C > T events exhibited the pyrimidine dinucleotide sequence; 69.14% of the small InDels were located in the sequence with 1 to 4 bp terminal microhomology that was used for DNA end rejoining, while SBSs were less dependent on terminal microhomology. Nine genes, on average, were predicted to suffer from functional alteration in each re-sequenced line. This indicated that a suitable mutation gene density was an advantage of gamma rays when trying to improve elite materials for one certain or a few traits. These results will aid the full understanding of the mutagenic effects and mechanisms of gamma rays and provide a basis for suitable mutagen selection and parameter design, which can further facilitate the development of more controlled mutagenesis methods for plant mutation breeding.

scholarly journals Induction of chlorophyll mutation through physical and chemical mutagen in Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani R Gunjal ◽  
A.D. More
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Light Green

The present investigation was undertaken to study the frequency of chlorophyll deficient sectors and chlorophyll mutants induced by Gamma rays at the dosage of 240Gy,300Gy,360Gy,420Gy, Ethyl Methene Sulphate (EMS) at the concentrations of 0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1% and the Combination of both (Gamma rays and EMS) like 240Gy+1%, 300Gy+0.75%, 360Gy+0.50%, 420Gy+0.25% in the variety ‘King of Garden’ Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean).The chlorophyll mutants were observed in all the three mutagenic treatments in the lima bean. These mutants were White (Albina), Yellow (Xantha), Yellow green (Chlorina) and Light green (Viridis). They were screened after 10-15 days of old seedling and were found at the margin of the leaflet or the entire leaflet.Induced mutation in the sectors of the leaves resulted into chlorophyll chimeric plants. The scoring of chlorophyll mutation frequency in M2 generation was one of the most reliable measures for evaluating the mutagenic induced genetic altercation of the mutagen treatments used in the ideotype. The frequency of chlorophyll mutants increased with the increase in the dose/concentration of the mutants. They can be screened and enhanced through mutation breeding for enormous yield.

scholarly journals Chronic Gamma Irradiation Changes Phenotype and Gene Expression Partially Transmitted to Next-Generation Tomato Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
Yeong Deuk Jo ◽  
Jae-In Chun ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
And Control

Compared to the studies on acute irradiation of seeds, fewer studies have reported on the chronic irradiation of seedlings, especially in fruit-bearing vegetables. We examined the effects of chronic gamma irradiation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’) seedlings exposed to gamma rays (50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy) for 4 weeks. As the total dose of gamma rays increased, leaf length, trichome density, and seed number were reduced in the irradiated seedlings (M1). Additionally, a change in fruit shape was observed. Chronic gamma irradiation reduced the expression of two trichome-related genes and affected the expression levels of 11 reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. We examined the transmittance of these effects using M2 plants. The trichome density and fruit shape were similar between M2 and control plants; however, a reduction in leaf length and seed number was detected in M2 plants. Interestingly, changes in the expression of four ROS-related genes (ZAT10, Mn-SOD, POD3, and RBOH1) found in M1 were detected in M2 plants. Thus, the changes in phenotype and gene expression induced by chronic gamma irradiation were transmitted to the next generation. Additionally, we found novel mutants from M2 plants, suggesting that chronic gamma irradiation may be considered in tomato mutation breeding.

scholarly journals Study on the immuno stimulation of radiation degraded β-glucan in swiss mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Thanh Long Nguyen ◽  
Quang Luan Le
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mixtures β-glucan extracted from the yeast cell wall were irradiated under gamma rays from a Co-60 source at doses of 100, 200 and 300 kGy in order to prepare water-soluble β-glucan. Yields of the water soluble β-glucan produced are 25.9, 49.1, 66.71%, and their molecular weights (Mw) are 30.5, 24.9 and 10.8 kDa, respectively. There are no any new peak in the IR spectra of the irradiated β-glucan samples, but the intensity ratio between the peaks at wavenumber of 1156 cm-1 (assigned to C-O-C bond) and of 1040 cm-1 (assigned to C-C bond) in glycosidic linkages was reduced with irradiation dose. These results revealed that gamma irradiation did not cause any change in the β-glucan structure except the scissions of glycosidic linkages. In this study, immuno stimulation of the irradiated b-glucan was also investigated for the Swiss mice. After 28 days supplying with the irradiated b-glucan, not only cellular indexes (white blood cell, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts), but also humoral  immunity indexes (IgA and IgM) of the mice significantly increased and the highest effects was obtained for the mice supplied with the oligoβ-glucan prepared by gamma irradiation at 200 kGy. Thus, the water soluble oligoβ-glucan with Mw ~ 24.9 kDa prepared by gamma radiation much stimulated the natural immune system (non-specific immunity) in mice including both the cellular and humoral immunities. Particularly, the irradiated b-glucan is a very promising product for preparation of functional foods aiming at cancer prevention.

scholarly journals Somatic mutation frequency in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia KU 7 and KU 9 clones exposed to low-level gamma rays.

1981 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadao ICHIKAWA ◽  
Catarina S. TAKAHASHI ◽  
Chizu NAGASHIMA-ISHII
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Mutation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Low Level

Gamma irradiation on rat whole blood cholinesterase

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Whole Body

Rat whole blood cholinesterase levels were followed electrometrically for 10 days following whole-body irradiation with 300 and 600 r gamma rays from a Co60 source. Cholinesterase activity was significantly depressed in both groups after the 3rd day, reaching its lowest observed levels on the 10th day. The toxicity of acetylcholine bromide was significantly greater to mice 9 days after 300 r of whole-body gamma irradiation than in nonirradiated controls as indicated by the intraperitoneal ld50 which was 294 mg/kg prior to, and 235 mg/kg after, irradiation.

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