Chromosome location of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in wheat, rye, and triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aniol ◽  
J. P. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

'Chinese Spring' wheat nullisomic–tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines were used for the identification of Aluminum-tolerance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). Rye additions and substitutions in different wheat varieties were used for the identification of aluminum-tolerance genes in rye (Secale cereale L.). The point where concentrations of aluminum caused irreversible damage to the root apical meristems on exposure for 24 h at 25 °C was the measure of aluminum tolerance. Genes for aluminum tolerance in the medium-tolerant wheat variety 'Chinese Spring' were found to be localized in chromosome arms 6AL, 7AS, 2DL, 3DL, 4DL, and 4BL, and on chromosome 7D. Major genes for tolerance in rye seem to be located on 3R and 6RS, with other genes on 4R. The expression of aluminum-tolerance genes located on rye chromosomes incorporated into sensitive wheat was often suppressed by the action of unknown genes in the wheat background.Key words: Triticum, Secale, aluminum tolerance, additive effects, polygenes.

Control of alien gene expression for aluminum tolerance in wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
K. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Alien Gene

The expression of aluminum tolerance from rye (Secale cereale L.) when present in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) background has been observed to be much lower than that in rye itself. By crossing each of the ditelocentric lines of 'Chinese Spring' wheat with a tolerant rye, the effects of the presence or absence of each arm of wheat on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance could be established. Of 42 wheat chromosome arms, 18 affected the expression of rye aluminum tolerance. Tolerance was increased over that observed in the euploid wheat–rye hybrid when arms 4AL, 5AL, 6AL, 7BS, 7BL, and 3DS were absent. Tolerance was reduced when arms 2AL, 5AS, 6BS, 1DS, 1DL, 2DL, 4DL, 5DS, 5DL, 6DL, 7DS, and 7DL were absent. Thus, the control of aluminum tolerance expression from rye in a wheat background was evidently under the influence of genes located on a number of wheat chromosome arms, with a few arms tending to enhance expression and many others tending to reduce it. In fact, 5AS of 'Chinese Spring' enhances expression, while 5AL suppresses it. The D genome of bread wheat appears to have the most pronounced effect on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance.Key words: rye, activator genes, suppressor genes, alien manipulation.

Differential response to chilling injury of the group 6 chromosomes of cv. Chinese Spring wheat

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Group 6

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) requires vernalization (exposure to temperatures between 1 and 10 °C) to induce heading. Vernalization also induces earlier heading of many spring wheat varieties. Studies of the spring wheat cv. Chinese Spring identified cytogenetic lines of the group 6 chromosomes that were susceptible to chilling injury when seedlings were grown at 6 °C for 8 weeks. Lines that were either ditelocentric for the long arm of chromosome 6D or nullisomic for 6D were susceptible, while those ditelocentric for the short arm of 6D were not. Neither cv. Chinese Spring nor ditelocentrics for either the long or short arms of chromosomes 6A or 6B were susceptible. Susceptible plants selected from F2 seedlings of plants monosomic for 6D were nullisomics. Doublemonotelocentric F1 hybrids from crosses between plants ditelocentric for 6DS or 6DL were resistant, but susceptible F2 seedlings from this cross were either nullisomic for 6D or telocentric for the long arm. The dominant gene(s) that prevents chilling injury at 6 °C appears to be on the short arm of chromosome 6D of cv. Chinese Spring wheat.Key words: chilling injury, wheat, telocentrics, nullisomics, vernalization.

EFFECT OF RYE ON HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN WHEAT × RYE HYBRIDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Polygenic System

The number of chiasmata per cell at metaphase I was scored in eight haploid plants of Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. cv. 'Chinese Spring' and 100 hybrid plants of Chinese Spring × Secale cereale L. Mean chiasma frequency per cell ranged from 0.00 to 3.59 in the hybrids and from 0.17 to 0.35 in the haploids. Since the same wheat genotype was present in both the haploids and hybrids, it is concluded that some of the rye genotypes promoted homoeologous chromosome pairing. The absence of distinct segregation classes among the hybrids suggests that these genes constitute a polygenic system.

A gene for resistance to a necrosis-inducing isolate of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis located on 5BL of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Stock ◽  
A. L. Brûlé-Babel ◽  
G. A. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Several sources of high-level resistance to tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis have been identified in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was conducted to determine the number and chromosome location of a gene(s) in the cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) that confers resistance to a tan necrosis inducing isolate (nec+chl−) of P. tritici-repentis, 86-124, and insensitivity to Ptr necrosis toxin. Reciprocal crosses were made between CS (resistant–insensitive) and 'Kenya Farmer' (KF) (susceptible–sensitive). Analysis of the CS/KF F1and F2 populations and F2-derived F3 families identified a single nuclear recessive gene governing resistance to isolate 86-124 and Ptr necrosis toxin. Evaluation of the CS(KF) substitution series, F2 monosomic analysis, and screening of a series of 19 CS compensating nullitetrasomic and two ditelosomic lines (2AS and 5BL) indicated that the resistance gene was located on chromosome arm 5BL. No linkage exists between Lr18 and the tan necrosis resistance gene on chromosome arm 5BL. It is proposed that the gene for resistance to the tan necrosis inducing isolate 86-124 (nec+chl−) of P. tritici-repentis and Ptr necrosis toxin be named tsn1. Key words : wheat, Triticum aestivum L., tan spot resistance, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., chromosome location, Ptr necrosis toxin.

Chinese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chloroplast genome: Complete sequence and contig clones

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunari Ogihara ◽  
Kazuriho Isono ◽  
Toshio Kojima ◽  
Akira Endo ◽  
Mitsumasa Hanaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P < 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P < 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P < 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P > 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P < 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Microsatellite Markers Based on Sequenced Database in Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0141540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Han ◽  
Changbiao Wang ◽  
Zhaohui Tang ◽  
Yongkang Ren ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p80
Author(s):  
Berhanu Meles ◽  
Chekole Nigus ◽  
Atsede Teklu ◽  
Yonas G Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variety Selection

Participatory variety selection trials were conducted in 2018 G.C in Laelay-maichew, Tahtay-maichew and Ahferom districts of central zone of Tigrai to evaluate the performance of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Variety and to assess farmers’ criteria for bread wheat variety selection. Six improved bread wheat varieties (Mekelle-1, Mekelle-2, Ogolcho, Kingbird and Hedasse) including the most popular variety ‘Kakaba’ were used for the study at eighteen farmers (six from each district). The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design at baby trial with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the tested varieties for most of the agronomic traits except for kernels per spike and harvest index in all the tested locations. In the preference ranking, farmers used their own traits of interest which were very important in their wheat varieties for selection. Hence, common criteria’s identified by the farmers to select the best varieties were; grain yield, biomass yield, earliness, disease resistance, spike length and seed size. Accordingly direct matrix ranking by farmers showed that Ogolcho was top ranked both at L/maichew and Ahferom followed by Kakaba, however Mekelle-1 was first ranked followed by Kakaba at T/maichew.  Therefore farmers of L/maichew and Ahferom were recommended to use Ogolcho and Kakaba, whereas Mekelle-1 was recommended for T/maichew.

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