scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p80
Author(s):  
Berhanu Meles ◽  
Chekole Nigus ◽  
Atsede Teklu ◽  
Yonas G Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variety Selection

Participatory variety selection trials were conducted in 2018 G.C in Laelay-maichew, Tahtay-maichew and Ahferom districts of central zone of Tigrai to evaluate the performance of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Variety and to assess farmers’ criteria for bread wheat variety selection. Six improved bread wheat varieties (Mekelle-1, Mekelle-2, Ogolcho, Kingbird and Hedasse) including the most popular variety ‘Kakaba’ were used for the study at eighteen farmers (six from each district). The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design at baby trial with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the tested varieties for most of the agronomic traits except for kernels per spike and harvest index in all the tested locations. In the preference ranking, farmers used their own traits of interest which were very important in their wheat varieties for selection. Hence, common criteria’s identified by the farmers to select the best varieties were; grain yield, biomass yield, earliness, disease resistance, spike length and seed size. Accordingly direct matrix ranking by farmers showed that Ogolcho was top ranked both at L/maichew and Ahferom followed by Kakaba, however Mekelle-1 was first ranked followed by Kakaba at T/maichew.  Therefore farmers of L/maichew and Ahferom were recommended to use Ogolcho and Kakaba, whereas Mekelle-1 was recommended for T/maichew.

scholarly journals Nutritional characteristics of ancient Tuscan varieties of Triticum aestivum L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisetta Ghiselli ◽  
Eleonora Rossi ◽  
Anne Whittaker ◽  
Giovanni Dinelli ◽  
Adriano Pasqualino Baglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Functional Point

Bread wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) is an important cereal in human consumption. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in ancient wheat varieties. The latter represent an important source of germplasm, characterized by a broader genetic base and, therefore, a potential source of biodiversity. The objective of the study was to ascertain the optimal balance between the presence of secondary metabolites having beneficial effects on health and technological features that ensure successful baking quality. The experimental trial was performed in 2011-2012 on three organic farms located in three different areas within the province of Siena (Tuscany). In each location, an overall evaluation of the commercial, rheological and functional properties of five ancient Tuscan bread wheat varieties (Andriolo, Frassineto, Gentil rosso, Inallettabile 96, Verna) as compared with a commercial modern variety (Palesio) was carried out. The ancient varieties were compared both singularly (pure) and in combination (mixtures) of two varieties in equal proportion, respectively. Biometric and productive parameters were detected for each plot (32 plots in each farm). Macro- and trace elements, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (ARP) were similarly determined on representative whole grain samples. Rheological analysis was carried out on flour samples. The multivariate statistical analysis using principal components (PC) analysis was performed on all variables analysed. The results showed a significant environment effect on the different parameters measured and did not reveal significant improvements in the variables measured when varieties were cultivated in mixtures. However, the study did reveal various interesting trends that are warranting of further investigation. The most interesting effect from a nutritional and functional point of view is the relationship between ARP, rheological properties, protein content and gluten content. These connections permit the potential towards the improvement of ancient varieties.

PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME IMPROVED BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) VARIETIES IN THE JIJIGA PLAINS OF EASTERN ETHIOPIA

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERIESSA JALLETA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Improved Varieties

Through years of research, the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization has recommended a number of improved bread-wheat varieties for production in the different climatic zones, along with accompanying technology packages. In areas such as the Jijiga plains, however, adoption of these varieties by the farmers has been very limited. The principal objective of the study was, therefore, to investigate the reasons why farmers are reluctant to adopt high-yielding improved wheat varieties, and to identify farmers' preferences. An assessment study followed by participatory evaluation of the performance of five improved bread-wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and a local control was carried out under farmers' management practices. The trial was conducted at 10 locations (across three districts) on the Jijiga plains for two consecutive years (the 1999 and 2000 cropping seasons) and involved 30 farmers. Farmers' preferred varieties were identified using preference ranking. The results showed that farmers refrained from the adoption of some ‘improved’ varieties of bread wheat that were provided through the extension services because the varieties performed poorly under farmers' conditions. The study also showed that farmers do have multiple criteria for evaluating the varieties apart from yield, though the latter was the major parameter for recommending and releasing varieties for multi-locations. Farmers identified earliness, yield, and quality as the main criteria for adoption of wheat varieties. Accordingly, variety HAR-710 stood first in terms of yield (2.56 t ha−1) and other parameters, followed by PAVON -76 (2.49 t ha−1). Though its grain yield was relatively lower than the improved ones, the local control was preferred to some improved varieties used in this study for other quality parameters. The study highlighted the need for re-orienting agricultural research towards involving farmers at the appropriate stages of technology identification.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

scholarly journals Factors influencing Adoption of improved bread wheat technologies: a double hurdle approach in Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negussie Siyum ◽  
Almaz Giziew ◽  
Azanaw Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Bread Wheat Variety

Abstract This study was conducted in Meket District, Amhara National Regional State, in northern Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data collected from 214 randomly selected farm households via a structured interview protocol was used for the study. Double-hurdle model was to identify factors affecting the probability of adoption and intensity of use of improved bread wheat varieties and associated technologies in the study area. The first hurdle of the model suggests number of oxen owned by household, mobile phone ownership, education level of the household head and access to extension services significantly affected the probability of any improved bread wheat variety adoption. The intensity of improved bread wheat variety adoption was significantly associated with ownership of main plots, participation in on-farm demonstrations, perception towards shattering problems of local bread wheat varieties, and annual income of household. The findings of this study highlight the importance of economic(such as number of oxen) and institutional(such as access to extension) factors related to agricultural extension and communication, the participation of farmers in on-farm demonstrations, wealth creation and acknowledging farmers’ perception regarding improved bread wheat variety attributes. Development interventions should strive to target such economic, institutional, and psychological factors to promote wider adoption of improved bread wheat technologies.

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P &lt; 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P &lt; 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P &gt; 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P &lt; 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

scholarly journals Do Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Hybrids Constitute a Promising Source Material for Quality Breeding ofNew Wheat Varieties?

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽  
Marian Wiwart ◽  
Rudolf Krska ◽  
Wolfgang Kandler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Promising Source

The aim of this two-year study was to determine whether the contents of macronutrients and macro and microelements in wheat grain can be increased by crossbreeding Triticum aestivum and T. spelta. The experimental material comprised the grains of F6 and F7 hybrids and their parental forms. The element content of grain was determined by ICP-SFMS. Hybrid grains had significantly higher ash contents than bread wheat grain (1.90% and 1.93% versus 1.62%). Crude protein content was lowest in bread wheat grain (11.75%) and highest in spelt grain (14.67%). Hybrid grains had significantly higher protein contents (12.97% and13.19%) than bread wheat grain. In both years of the study, the concentrations of P, S, Mg and Ca were highest in spelt grain, whereas their content in hybrids was lower than in spelt grain, but higher than in bread wheat grain. The concentrations of desirable microelements were highest in spelt grain, and the micronutrient profile of hybrid grains was more similar to bread wheat than spelt. Therefore, the hybrids can constitute promising source material for quality breeding in wheat.

scholarly journals Estimation of grain productivity and biochemical indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties depending on the forecrop

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Оlesya Nekrasova ◽  
Nina Kravchenko ◽  
Dmitry Marchenko ◽  
Evgeny Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sunflower and pea on the amount of productivity, protein and gluten percentage in grain. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production. The forecrops were peas and sunflower. The study results showed that the varieties ‘Volny Don’ (6.1 t / ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.1 t / ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (6.0 t / ha), when sown after peas, gave the largest yields. The varieties ‘Volny Don’ (4.9 t / ha) and ‘Polina’ (4.8 t / ha) which were sown after sunflower, showed the best productivity. The analysis of qualitative indicators established that the maximum percentage of protein and gluten in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.3%; 28.3%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (16.1%; 28.5%), which were sown after peas; and the same varieties showed good results (‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.2%; 27.4%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (15.7%; 27.8%)), when sown after sunflower.

scholarly journals Hybride necrosis genes in bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
A. V. Galaev ◽  
M. V. Galaeva
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Necrosis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Complementary Genes ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Value

Hybrid necrosis is the gradual premature death of leaves or plants in certain F1-2hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and it is caused by the interaction of two dominant complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2 located on chromosome arms 5BL and 2BS, respectively. To date, necrotic genotypes in most varieties of Ukrainian breeding have not been identified. Aim. This study was conducted to determine the necrotic genotypes in varieties Ukrainian breeding of different regions. Methods. Microsatellite analysis, PAAgel-electrophoresis. Results. 150 genotypes of bread wheat varieties from Ukrainian breeding were identified by loci Xbarc74-5В and Xbarc55-2В closely linked to hybrid necrosis genes Ne1 and Ne2, respectively. Conclusions. The most common in the South of Ukraine is the genotypes Ne1wNe2w/m and Ne1mNe2w/m were revealed. The most of varieties in the North of Ukraine had the genotypes ne1Ne2ms. These genotypes can have breeding and adaptive value for specific geographical conditions. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., hybride necrosis genes Ne1 and Ne2, microsatellite analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Rates and Weeding Frequency on Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Vertisols in Toke Kutaye District

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gudina Soboksa Hunde ◽  
Habtamu Ashagre ◽  
Thomas Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Hand Weeding

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a crucial role in ensuring food security in Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is constrained by weed infestation and inappropriate seed rate used. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimal seed rate and weeding frequency for bread wheat production on Vertisols in Toke Kutaye district during 2020 main cropping season. Treatments consisted of five levels of seed rates (75, 100, 125, 150, and 175kgha-1) and four levels of weeding frequency (zero weeding, once weeding (15DAE), twice weeding (15 and 45 DAE) and thrice weeding (15, 45 and 75 DAE). Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial combination replicated thrice. Results of the study revealed that the interaction of seed rate and weeding frequency significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced phenological and growth parameters except days reqired for 50% emergence and yield of bread wheat. Highest wheat biomass yield (11.03tha-1), grain yield (4.47tha-1) and straw yield (6.6tha-1)were obtained using 175kgha-1seed rate with thrice hand weeding. Highest relative yield loss (71.3%) was recorded from weedy plot with 75kgha-1seed rate, while the lowest loss (1.2%) was recorded at 175kgha-1seed rate with thrice hand weeding. Highest net benefit of ETB 73,170ha-1 , marginal rate of return 884.4% and value to cost ratio of ETB 8.34 per unit of investment was obtained from 175kgha-1 seed rate combined with thrice hand weeding. Therefore, use of 175kgha-1 seed rate with thrice hand weeding was found profitable, and recommended for bread wheat production in Toke Kutaye district.

scholarly journals EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND IT, S COMPONENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baktash & Naes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Plot Design

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches Ministry of Agriculture, during 2014-2015 season. The objective of this research was to evaluation 15 pure lines (Triticum aestivum L.). genotypes ,the seventh generation developed by half dialled method between 6 parents. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates ,The main plots were four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 out yielded other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1, respecting .increasing seeding rates caused to increase in number of spikes .plant-1 and flag leaves angle. Significant difference were found among genotypes due to seeding rate.The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1) which did not differed from using A4.10 under 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 seeding rate. It was recommended to certify the pure line S148  using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate for cultivation at central of Iraq.

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