Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Length and Weight of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Aulstad ◽  
Trygve Gjedrem ◽  
Harald Skjervold
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Length ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of three-year-classes (1967–1969) were produced from random mating, and one-year-class (1970) from inbreeding. The two first-year-classes were fullsib groups. Intraclass-correlations for body length in the 1967-year-class were: 0.16, 0.15, 0.09, and 0.17 at 90, 130, 355, and 485 days of age, respectively. The corresponding estimate for the 68-year-class was 0.25 at age 110 days. Phenotypic correlations between body length at different ages were high within seasons, but low between seasons.For the 1969-year-class the sire x dam interaction component was negative at ages 150 and 280 days, indicating that nonadditive gene effects were unimportant. Estimated heritabilities ranged from 0.0 to 0.40, those from the sire component being generally higher. Environmental differences between tanks were low, but not ignorable. The 1970-year-class, produced from first generation of fullsib mating, showed significant differences between inbred and control (noninbred) for mortality of eggs and fry, but not for body weight at age 75 days.

Ontogeny of Visual Acuity of Rainbow Trout Under Normal Conditions and Light Deprivation

Behaviour ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zeutzius ◽  
G. Jeserich ◽  
H. Rahmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Tectum Opticum ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe development of visual acuity (minimum separable visual angle) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was investigated from hatching to one year old trout by eliciting optomotor reactions in an optokinetic drum. I. The first optomotor responses were found 10 days after hatching with a visual angle of 30° of arc. Then a rapid increase in the visual resolving power occurs leading to a visual angle of about 1° at the end of the larval period. Up to the age of one year the visual angle of rainbow trout improves slightly to final 14' of arc. 2. Light deprivation during rearing causes a severe impairment ot visual acuity during the first 40 days after hatching (best visual angle only 2°05' of arc). 3. The results are discussed with respect to synaptogenetical and biochemical findings in the tectum opticum of rainbow trout under the same rearing conditions.

Developmental divergence among hatchery strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Hybrids

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Developmental Divergence ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

The developmental rates of first generation hybrids between six closely related hatchery strains of rainbow trout are compared using hatching time, morphology, and the pattern of ontogenetic change of four enzymes. Hybrid developmental rates can not be explained by additive genetic effects. Nine of 14 hybrid types developed slower than their maternal parent. These results are consistent with a hypothesis of regulatory divergence between the hybridizing strains. Heterotic effects were observed in five hybrid groups in that hybrids developed faster than their maternal parent. A strong dominance component was observed in the reciprocal hybrids of one strain. There was no association between the degree of perturbation of hybrid developmental rates and the genetic distance between hybridizing strains. Hybrids between more distantly related strains were no more delayed in their development than those from closely related strains.Key words: developmental rate, rainbow trout, hybrids, gene regulation.

scholarly journals The preparation and characterization of vitellogenin messenger RNA from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Valotaire ◽  
M Tenniswood ◽  
C Le Guellec ◽  
J R Tata
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Polyadenylated Rna ◽  
Reticulocyte Lysate ◽  
And Control

Agarose-gel electrophoresis of polyadenylated RNA from livers of oestrogen-treated male rainbow trout revealed a major high-Mr species (7200 nucleotides), which is absent from the polyadenylated RNA isolated from hormonally unstimulated male trout liver. Translation in vitro of the RNA from oestrogen-treated males in a mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate produced a protein (Mr 200 000) that could be immunoprecipitated with antibodies against trout serum vitellogenin, but no immunoprecipitable protein was synthesized with RNA from control animals. DNA complementary to the RNA from oestrogen-stimulated and control male trout liver was synthesized and back-hybridized, with R0t1/2 of 3.8 × 10(-2) and 1 × 10(-1) mol X litre-1 X s for RNA from hormone-treated and control animals respectively. The 9% increase in the abundant mRNA after oestrogen stimulation is due to the induction of vitellogenin mRNA.

scholarly journals Studies on the nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) Magnesium deficiency: the effect of feeding with a Mg-supplemented diet

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Knox ◽  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
J. W. Adron
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
And Control

1. For a period of 8 weeks, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), mean initial weight 21 g, were given either a low-magnesium or control diet containing 0·03 and 0·58 g Mg/kg diet respectively. Both groups of trout were then given the control diet for a further 11 weeks.2. Weight gains over the initial 8-week period were lowest in the Mg-deficient trout. Feeding the deficient fish the control diet rapidly improved growth rate until it was the same as that of the control trout.3. Plasma Mg was significantly lower in the Mg-deficient trout at week 8. Feeding with the control diet for 11 weeks did not increase plasma Mg. Few changes were observed in the plasma concentrations of the other electrolytes.4. Renal calcium concentrations were unaffected by dietary Mg levels. Similarly, the renal levels of phosphorus, sodium and potassium all fell within the range found in normal rainbow trout.5. Muscle Mg concentrations were reduced in those trout given the Mg-deficient diet. Feeding with the control diet for a further 11 weeks increased muscle Mg but the level was still significantly lower than that found in trout given the control diet for 19 weeks.6. The bone ash Mg concentration was significantly lower, and the Ca higher, in the deficient fish at week 8, when compared with the control group.7. When compared with the value at the start of the experiment, total bone Mg fell slightly in the deficient trout over the initial 8-week period, but increased in the control group of fish. Feeding with the control diet for a further 11 weeks increased total bone Mg in both Mg-deficient trout and control trout.8. The results show that the Mg deficiency imposed on the rainbow trout was of limited severity and almost complete recovery was obtained when the control diet was fed.

Difference in Taste Between the Right and Left Sides of Tainted Fish

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412-1413
Author(s):  
A. J. Liem ◽  
V. A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Key Words Fish ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

More tainting was found on the left than on the right side of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) that were exposed to a kraft pulp mill "foul condensate." This sidedness was deduced from the results of the triangle taste test used to detect differences between exposed and control fish, and was observed when the tainting was moderate, in the range of effluent concentrations of 0.015–0.046% by volume. Key words: fish, tainting, taste, rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Enhancing Engagement With Faculty and Staff to Facilitate Student Success: An Evaluation of a Parent Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Deutschlander
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Faculty And Staff ◽  
And Control

Many low-income and first-generation students who enroll in college experience less desirable outcomes during their first year. Researchers have increasingly investigated the important role of college knowledge and engagement with faculty and staff for student success. Through a randomized controlled trial intervention, this study leverages the relationship between parents and students to encourage student engagement with faculty and staff during the first year of college. Results of a survey administered to treatment and control students show positive effects of this low-cost, light-touch intervention on parent–student discussions, student attitudes, and intent to persist into the second year of college.

Acclimation-Induced Change in Toxicity of Aluminum to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L Orr ◽  
R. W. Bradley ◽  
J. B. Sprague ◽  
N. J. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Control

When a group of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings was exposed to 87 μg Al/L for 1 and 2 wk, their threshold lethal concentration (LC50) increased to about 1.8 times the control LC50 of 175 μg Al/L. Raising sublethal exposure to 154 μg/L during the third week resulted in a similar ratio of 1.7 between LC50s of previously exposed and control fish. Thus, prior exposures of 0.5 and 0.9 of the control LC50 resulted in about the same increase in tolerance. The magnitude of the increase was similar to those reported in the literature for other metals. Such acclimation could assist in the survival of fish during spring and autumn surges of aluminum and other metals in surface waters acidified by atmospheric deposition of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen; those environmental changes in aluminum concentration parallel the concentrations used in this research. Experimental water simulated an acid lake with pH of 5.1–5.3 and total hardness of 11 mg/L.

COVID-19 test positivity rate dynamics in West Sumatra, Indonesia: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syandrez Prima Putra ◽  
Mutia Lailani ◽  
Liganda Endo Mahata ◽  
SM Rezvi ◽  
Andani Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: COVID-19 test positivity rate (TPR) is essential to estimate and control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a population at a specific time, yet the TPR trends at a provincial level in Indonesia are unclear. This study aimed to determine the COVID-19 TPR dynamics of the Indonesian West Sumatra province in the first year of documented cases.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using secondary data of the COVID-19 quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) test in West Sumatra Province from April 2020 to March 2021. To examine trends, we estimated TPR(s) on an annual, quarterly, and monthly basis in the province, its regions (cities/ regencies), and districts.Results: From a total of 410,424 individuals taking the COVID-19 q-RT-PCR examination during one year, the provincial TPR was 8.11%. The third quarter (October 2020 – December 2020, 12.18%) and October 2020 (15.62%) had the highest TPR quarterly and monthly, respectively. The TPR of cities was almost certainly twice that of regencies. Annual TPR varied significantly (p<0.001) across regions, districts, and periods.Conclusion: The COVID-19 TPR trends in West Sumatra at the first year of the pandemic were generally higher than the global recommendation. Further study on population density, public mobility, and implementation of health protocol in the province should be valuable to understand TPR dynamics.

scholarly journals H-Hope Plus Kinesthetic With Vco On Weight And Body Length Of Preterm Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Lia Dian Ayuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
And Control

<p>Prematurity is still a major health problem worldwide. Premature babies with LBW are at risk of developing growth disorders, especially body weight. Prematurity complications in the first year contribute to one million children die and each year around 15 million babies are born prematurely. One intervention that can be given is visual-tactile-kinesthetic stimulation. This stimulation is a stimulus series that provides sensory and motor experiences so that premature babies can show their appropriate growth progress. This research to determine the effectiveness of H-HOPE plus kinesthetic with VCO on the weight and body length of preterm infants. This type of experimental design study with pretest-posttest with control group design with independent variables was intervention in the form of H-HOPE plus Kinesthetic with VCO and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). The samples in this study were preterm infants post Hospital-Care. Sampling used probability sampling technique with random sampling. The number of samples in this study is 30 respondents with 15 people in the intervention and control groups. The results of giving H-Hope plus kinesthetic with VCO interventions for 14 days in increasing weight and body length obtained sig value of 0.001 and 0.009 H-Hope plus kinesthetic with VCO is more effective in increasing weight and body length.<strong></strong></p>

Neural regulation of blood pressure in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1678-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Exercise Tachycardia ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selective Increase

Mean dorsal aortic blood pressure (Pda) and heart rate were measured in free-swimming rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The fish were swum in a water tunnel at 0.5 body lengths/s (control) and were exercised at 45-min intervals by a 5-min period of rapid swimming at 2 body lengths/s.Control Pda was 4.0 ± 0.11 kPa and control heart rate was 56 ± 2.1 beats/min. During rapid swimming Pda and heart rate increased by 15 and 13% respectively. α-Receptor blockade with phentolamine (2 mg/kg) or adrenergic transmitter release blockade with bretylium (10 mg/kg) prevented the exercise hypertension and converted it to a decrease of 5% (phentolamine) or 18% (bretylium). Exercise tachycardia was reduced slightly by each compound. Phentolamine decreased the control Pda by 5%. Acute bretylium treatment increased Pda by 39% but Pda in fish treated chronically with bretylium was 30% below control and decreased by a further 6% during rapid swimming. The acute effects of these and other antihypertensive compounds are discussed. It is concluded that systemic blood pressure in trout is controlled by tonically active adrenergic nerves acting on systemic vessels via α-adrenoreceptors. These nerves produce a selective increase in peripheral resistance during rapid swimming.

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