Performance of tetraploid progeny derived from 2x–4x intersubspecific crosses in Dactylis glomerata L.

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. M. Hugessen
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny ◽  
Tetraploid Parent

The Dactylis glomerata L. species complex is a genetically diverse group of naturally occurring diploid (2n = 2x = 14), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28), and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) subspecies. The diploid subspecies tend to be geographically isolated and genetically distinct. Each subspecies probably possesses alleles for adaptation to specific environmental regimes. The objective of this research was to evaluate tetraploid progeny from 2x–4x intersubspecific crosses for forage yield and quality relative to their tetraploid parent. Progeny were developed by two stages of hybridization; intra- and inter-subspecific hybrids were generated from 2x–2x crosses, after which selected diploid progeny were mated, as females, to adapted tetraploid genotypes. From 14 2x–4x crosses, utilizing diploids known to produce 2n eggs, 59 tetraploid progeny were identified. These tetraploid progeny and their parents were vegetatively cloned and established in pots in two greenhouses. Forage was harvested from two replicates of each plant in each greenhouse for a total of six cuttings. Vigor, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined. Parent–progeny regressions indicated evidence of heritable variation for vigor and IVDMD, but not for NDF. Favorable heterosis (relative to the tetraploid parent) on a family mean basis was significant only for IVDMD in one family. When selection among progeny within families was possible (in six families), favorable transgressive segregants were observed for all traits in at least one family and in a total of five families. The favorable performance of some tetraploid progeny, combined with the diverse nature of the species, indicate that improvements to cultivated orchard grass are possible. Selection at both the diploid and tetraploid levels will be necessary to achieve these goals.Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., gametic nonreduction, heterosis, heterozygosity, orchard grass, polysomic polyploids.

RESPONSE OF ORCHARD GRASS TO MULTIPLE HARVESTS AND RATES OF NITROGEN IN POST-SEEDING YEARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was fertilized with 99–495 kg N/ha/yr in three equal applications and harvested three or four times per season over a 3-yr period to determine the productivity, quality of forage and persistence of stands. The application of N resulted in significant (P =.001) linear and quadratic increases in dry matter (DM) yields. Higher DM yields were obtained with the 3-harvest system while the yield distribution within the season was more uniform for the 4-harvest system. Total N concentrations of orchard grass increased linearly with the N rates. Total N yields were dependent on the rates of applied N with the recovery of applied N ranging from 39 to 70% at 99–297 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The in vitro disappearance of DM was slightly reduced by the high N rates in the 1st and 2nd harvests. The nitrate-N concentrations were highest in the early and late summer ranging from.11 to.29% at 297–495 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The persistence of orchard grass was better under the 4- than the 3- harvest system.

PERFORMANCE OF HYBRIDS IN ORCHARD GRASS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Hybrid Superiority ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Single-cross hybrids of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were evaluated for yield, in vitro digestibility (IVD), and relative maturity in three trials. All trials were planted broadcast, using seed produced on male-sterile clones. All trials were harvested for 2 yr. The average yield of the 48 hybrids tested was 98% of that for the cultivar Frode in the first cut each year, and 103% over the season. The most productive hybrid produced 28% more forage than Frode in the first cut, and 15% more over the season. For IVD, there was no evidence of hybrid superiority. The results indicate that the use of hybrids can result in an increase in forage yield.

SEEDING YEAR YIELDS AND QUALITY OF ORCHARD GRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N RATES AND HARVEST SYSTEMS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was seeded at 20 kg/ha without a companion crop in 1971 and 1972. Nitrogen was applied at 37–185 kg/ha at seeding and after the first harvest, and the stands were subjected to three harvest systems. Total dry matter (DM) yields increased up to 74 kg N/ha/application. Systems with the latest first harvest and longest regrowth intervals produced highest DM yields. Early seeding was important for the production of high DM yields. Late fall harvest in October resulted in poor winter survival. The total N concentrations of orchard grass ranged from 2.58 to 4.40%, with small or no increases beyond 111 kg N/ha/application. In vitro disappearance of DM was not affected by N rates but varied from 60.7 to 69.8% with the highest readings for the early or short regrowth interval harvests. Nitrate-N concentrations of orchard grass were < 0.15% at 37 kg N/ha/application. At or above 74 kg N/ha/application, nitrate-N usually exceeded 0.15% level which might be potentially toxic to livestock consuming the forage.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Nutritive Value of Mucuna Legume (Stilozobium Deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) as Influenced by Cutting Dates in Peruvian Central Coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
D. Escudero ◽  
M. G. Echevarria ◽  
Y E. D. Malpartida
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The agronomic performance and nutritive value of Mucuna legume (Stilozobium deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) in five stages were evaluated under climatic conditions of Peruvian central coast to estimate optimum stage of use. Five cutting ages were: 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 days. Crop growing, forage yield, chemical composition, vitro dry matter digestibility and net energy for lactation of Mucuna were evaluated. The optimum cutting age was 84 days with 25633.3 kg. Ha-1 of fresh matter and 6422.6 kg-1 ha-1 of dry matter. In this age crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents were 14.94%, 44.80%, 33.15% and 66.12 %. Net energy for lactation was 1.43 Mcal.kg-1. These results show that Mucuna was well adapted to Peruvian Central Coast with high forage yield and nutritive value.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ONE CYCLE OF PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN BROMEGRASS AND ORCHARD GRASS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Twenty-seven topcross and nine polycross progenies of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) were evaluated for in vitro digestibility (IVD) and yield. Two groups of polycross progenies of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were also evaluated. Bromegrass plants varied in IVD from 58 to 70%, while their topcross progenies varied from 58.2 to 64.6%. The correlation between parents and progeny was 0.55. Selection for high IVD did not result in any improvement over cv. Saratoga. One group of 10 orchard grass plants was high in IVD (62–66%), while the other was low (50–58%). The polycross progenies of these two groups were similar (68.2% vs. 68.5%). Selection for IVD was not effective in altering progeny IVD values.

Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Moyer ◽  
Kenneth W. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Forage Yields

Four broadleaf herbicides and combinations were compared for two years with mefluidide, a growth regulator, for effects on ‘Ky 31’ and ‘Fawn’ tall fescue. Seedhead densities averaged 33% of the check with 8.4 g ai/ha of metsulfuron, 17% with 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyr, and 9% with 280 g ai/ha of mefluidide, while forage yields were reduced to about 40% of the check. Forage crude protein (CP) concentrations were increased by mefluidide, imazethapyr, and 8.4 g/ha of metsulfuron. Neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) of Ky 31 but not Fawn forage was reduced by mefluidide, imazethapyr, and metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, but Fawn NDF was increased by dicamba plus 2,4-D. In vitro dry matter digestibility was increased by metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, mefluidide, and imazethapyr in one of two years. Adding 2,4-D to metsulfuron reduced some effects of metsulfuron. Total CP/ha was no more adversely affected by imazethapyr and metsulfuron than mefluidide. Imazethapyr and metsulfuron can thus be used to control weeds without reducing fescue forage value.

scholarly journals Agronomic Evaluation of the Results of Selection within Late-Maturing Dactylis glomerata Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Robins ◽  
B. Shaun Bushman ◽  
Kevin B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Selection from novel orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm sources resulted in the development of a late-maturing orchardgrass population. This population comprises 58 families that were evaluated with 5 commercial cultivars under frequent and infrequent harvest intervals at two Cache County, UT, USA field locations during 2013 and 2014. The objective of this study was to characterize the performance of individual families when compared to check cultivars Intensive and Latar. Across locations and harvest intervals, individual families produced greater herbage dry mass and nutritive value than the check cultivars did, i.e., up to 12% greater herbage dry mass than that of the highest check, Intensive, and 1% (neutral-detergent-fiber digestibility) to 14% (water soluble carbohydrates) greater forage quality than that of the corresponding highest check cultivar. However, there were substantial genotype-by-environment interactions between families and locations, but not harvest intervals. Because of this, results were analyzed across harvest intervals but within locations. Within each location, there were families that possessed similar or greater maturity, herbage dry mass, in vitro true digestibility, and neutral-detergent-fiber digestibility at both locations. Overall, on the basis of the performance of its component families, this late-maturing orchardgrass population exhibited potential for developing improved cultivars.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

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