Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Moyer ◽  
Kenneth W. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Forage Yields

Four broadleaf herbicides and combinations were compared for two years with mefluidide, a growth regulator, for effects on ‘Ky 31’ and ‘Fawn’ tall fescue. Seedhead densities averaged 33% of the check with 8.4 g ai/ha of metsulfuron, 17% with 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyr, and 9% with 280 g ai/ha of mefluidide, while forage yields were reduced to about 40% of the check. Forage crude protein (CP) concentrations were increased by mefluidide, imazethapyr, and 8.4 g/ha of metsulfuron. Neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) of Ky 31 but not Fawn forage was reduced by mefluidide, imazethapyr, and metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, but Fawn NDF was increased by dicamba plus 2,4-D. In vitro dry matter digestibility was increased by metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, mefluidide, and imazethapyr in one of two years. Adding 2,4-D to metsulfuron reduced some effects of metsulfuron. Total CP/ha was no more adversely affected by imazethapyr and metsulfuron than mefluidide. Imazethapyr and metsulfuron can thus be used to control weeds without reducing fescue forage value.

Effects of Weed Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on Forage Yield and Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Cosgrove ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of weed control measures in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on forage yield and quality were investigated at three sites with varying alfalfa densities and weed populations. Herbicide treatments were 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied in fall or spring, respectively, 1.68 kg/ha pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] applied in fall, and combinations of these treatments. First-harvest forage yields (weeds plus alfalfa) were either reduced or unchanged by herbicide treatments. Total forage yield was not altered by the herbicide treatments, but first-harvest and total alfalfa yield as well as first-harvest forage protein content were increased by several treatments, depending on stand density and weed pressure. Little effect was observed on in vitro digestible dry matter or acid detergent fiber content.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF HERBAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT SOYBEAN VARIETIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Yasin Akinci ◽  
Mahmut Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

Objectives of the present study are to determine the variations in forage yield and quality of soybean cultivars. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications during the growing season of 2016. A total of 10 cultivars were used as the plant material of the experiments (Bravo, A3127, Traksoy, İlksoy, Mersoy, Nova, SA-88, Arısoy, Safir, Atakişi). Cultivars had a significant effect on yield and chemical composition. Results revealed that green herbage yields varied between 826.39 - 1199.17 kg/da, dry hay yields between 247.71 - 357.90 kg/da, crude protein yields between 16.91 - 39.86 kg/da, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratios between 26.56 - 34.61%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios between 38.43 - 44.85%, crude ash contents between 7.20 - 11.22%, crude protein contents between 6.66 - 13.53%, dry matter digestibility (DDM) values between 61.94 - 68.21%, dry matter intake (DMI) values between 2.68 - 3.12% and relative feed values (RFV) between 2.68 - 3.12. The results of the study showed that A3127 cultivar was found to be prominent with green herbage yield (1199.17 kg/da) and dry hay yield (357.90 kg/da) and Safir cultivar was found to be prominent with crude protein yield (39.86 kg/da). It was concluded that the soybean cultivars A3127 and Safir could be recommended for hay production.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Nutritive Value of Mucuna Legume (Stilozobium Deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) as Influenced by Cutting Dates in Peruvian Central Coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
D. Escudero ◽  
M. G. Echevarria ◽  
Y E. D. Malpartida
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The agronomic performance and nutritive value of Mucuna legume (Stilozobium deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) in five stages were evaluated under climatic conditions of Peruvian central coast to estimate optimum stage of use. Five cutting ages were: 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 days. Crop growing, forage yield, chemical composition, vitro dry matter digestibility and net energy for lactation of Mucuna were evaluated. The optimum cutting age was 84 days with 25633.3 kg. Ha-1 of fresh matter and 6422.6 kg-1 ha-1 of dry matter. In this age crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents were 14.94%, 44.80%, 33.15% and 66.12 %. Net energy for lactation was 1.43 Mcal.kg-1. These results show that Mucuna was well adapted to Peruvian Central Coast with high forage yield and nutritive value.

Influence of annual ryegrass and barley seeding rates on intercrop forage yield and quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Forage Yields

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ’Maris Ledger’) was seeded at rates ranging from 5 to 30 kg ha−1 as either a monocrop or an intercrop with 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1 of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Diamond’). When ryegrass is intercropped with barley, cuts 1 and 2 are usually ensiled and the remainder of seasonal production is pastured (the equivalent of two forage cuts). Monocropped annual ryegrass produced 91% as much dry matter (DM) in the silage cuts as intercropped annual ryegrass and barley but produced 105% as much pasture. Over the season, monocropped ryegrass produced 11.1 t ha−1 of forage compared with 11.7 t ha−1 for intercropped annual ryegrass and barley. Among the intercropping treatments, increased barley seeding rate resulted in greater cut 1 yields, but this was offset by reduced cut 2 yields, so barley seeding rate did not affect the yield of DM for silage. Only 50 kg ha−1 of barley seed was required to obtain maximum yearly forage yields when intercropping with annual ryegrass. No more than 10 kg ha−1 of ryegrass seed was required for optimal yield when monocropping, and no more than 15 kg ha−1 when ryegrass was intercropped with barley. Monocropped ryegrass produced superior quality forage for silage. When quality was weighted for the relative yields of cuts 1 and 2, the monocrop averaged 16% protein and 72% in vitro disappearance of dry matter (IVDDM) compared with 12% protein and 58% IVDDM for the intercrops. Among the intercrops, increasing barley seeding rate from 50 kg ha−1 to 150 kg ha−1 did not affect the protein content of silage cuts, but it decreased IVDDM from 60% to 56%. Pasture forage quality was not affected by barley seeding rate.Key words: Intercropping, annual ryegrass, barley, seeding rate, yield

Performance of tetraploid progeny derived from 2x–4x intersubspecific crosses in Dactylis glomerata L.

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. M. Hugessen
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny ◽  
Tetraploid Parent

The Dactylis glomerata L. species complex is a genetically diverse group of naturally occurring diploid (2n = 2x = 14), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28), and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) subspecies. The diploid subspecies tend to be geographically isolated and genetically distinct. Each subspecies probably possesses alleles for adaptation to specific environmental regimes. The objective of this research was to evaluate tetraploid progeny from 2x–4x intersubspecific crosses for forage yield and quality relative to their tetraploid parent. Progeny were developed by two stages of hybridization; intra- and inter-subspecific hybrids were generated from 2x–2x crosses, after which selected diploid progeny were mated, as females, to adapted tetraploid genotypes. From 14 2x–4x crosses, utilizing diploids known to produce 2n eggs, 59 tetraploid progeny were identified. These tetraploid progeny and their parents were vegetatively cloned and established in pots in two greenhouses. Forage was harvested from two replicates of each plant in each greenhouse for a total of six cuttings. Vigor, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined. Parent–progeny regressions indicated evidence of heritable variation for vigor and IVDMD, but not for NDF. Favorable heterosis (relative to the tetraploid parent) on a family mean basis was significant only for IVDMD in one family. When selection among progeny within families was possible (in six families), favorable transgressive segregants were observed for all traits in at least one family and in a total of five families. The favorable performance of some tetraploid progeny, combined with the diverse nature of the species, indicate that improvements to cultivated orchard grass are possible. Selection at both the diploid and tetraploid levels will be necessary to achieve these goals.Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., gametic nonreduction, heterosis, heterozygosity, orchard grass, polysomic polyploids.

Effects of Clethodim on Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Reynolds ◽  
William A. Krueger ◽  
Cynthia L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Date

Clethodim was applied to tall fescue to determine the effects of application timing (fall, early spring, mid-spring), rate (0, 5.6, 11.2, or 22.4 g ai ha−1), and use of crop oil (0 or 2.3 L ha−1) on seedhead density and forage yield and quality of tall fescue. Increasing the rate of clethodim or adding crop oil reduced seedhead density and forage yield, and generally improved forage quality. There was no effect of application date in 1988 and 1990, but seedhead density and forage yield decreased from the November to the March application date in 1989.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

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