Structure of chromosome 5A of wheat speltoid mutants induced by the gametocidal genes of Aegilops speltoides

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto ◽  
K. Noda
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Homozygous Deletion ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Chromosome Deletion ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Chromosome 5A ◽  
Q Gene ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Restriction Modification

Speltoid spikes occur when the dose of Q, (suppressor of speltoidy) located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5A, decreases from the normal two to one or none. In crossed or selfed progeny of wheat lines that carry the gametocidal genes, Gc1a or Gc1b, 35 speltoid mutants appeared independently. The nature of the mutants, whether due to gene mutation or due to chromosome deletion, including the Q gene, was investigated. The mutants in the M1 generation were self-pollinated and segregation of the character in the M2 was observed. Speltoid plants in the M2 were crossed with ditelosomic 5AL (20II + tII), and pairing between the telosome 5AL and the chromosome that caused speltoidy was observed. Of the 25 lines that were analyzed by the two methods, 22 had a chromosome deletion on the long arm of chromosome 5A, the length of which was variable. The chromosome with deletion could be classified into at least three groups by comparison with the length of telo-univalent 5AL. In the M3 generation, six homozygous deletion lines were selected. Chromosome breakage that resulted in the deletions could be due to the involvement of a transposable element or a restriction – modification system.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides, gametocidal gene, chromosome breakage, mutation.

Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. III. Chromosome location and effects of two Aegilops speltoides-derived gametocidal genes in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto ◽  
K. Tsunewaki
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Common Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Present Gene

A new gametocidal gene was found in a common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring carrying the cytoplasm of Aegilops speltoides strain KU 5725 (Plant Germplasm Institute, Kyoto University). Monosomic analysis revealed that this gene and a previously known gametocidal gene Gc1, both derived from Ae. speltoides, are located on chromosome 2B. The two genes appear to be allelic and so have been designated as Gc1a (previous gene) and Gc1b (present gene). The two genes differ in their ability to induce hybrid dysgenesis in wheat: Gc1a causes endosperm degeneration and chromosome aberrations, whereas Gc1b results in abnormal seed lacking the shoot primodium. No correlation between embryo or endosperm degeneration and chromosome breakage was observed.Key words: wheat, Aegilops speltoides, gametocidal gene, hybrid dysgenesis, chromosome breakage.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis and mapping of leaf rust resistance in Aegilops speltoides Tausch derived bread wheat line Selection2427 carrying putative gametocidal gene(s)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Niranjana ◽  
Vinod ◽  
J.B. Sharma ◽  
Niharika Mallick ◽  
S.M.S. Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a major biotic stress affecting wheat yields worldwide. Host-plant resistance is the best method for controlling leaf rust. Aegilops speltoides is a good source of resistance against wheat rusts. To date, five Lr genes, Lr28, Lr35, Lr36, Lr47, and Lr51, have been transferred from Ae. speltoides to bread wheat. In Selection2427, a bread wheat introgresed line with Ae. speltoides as the donor parent, a dominant gene for leaf rust resistance was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3B (LrS2427). None of the Lr genes introgressed from Ae. speltoides have been mapped to chromosome 3B. Since none of the designated seedling leaf rust resistance genes have been located on chromosome 3B, LrS2427 seems to be a novel gene. Selection2427 showed a unique property typical of gametocidal genes, that when crossed to other bread wheat cultivars, the F1 showed partial pollen sterility and poor seed setting, whilst Selection2427 showed reasonable male and female fertility. Accidental co-transfer of gametocidal genes with LrS2427 may have occurred in Selection2427. Though LrS2427 did not show any segregation distortion and assorted independently of putative gametocidal gene(s), its utilization will be difficult due to the selfish behavior of gametocidal genes.

Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. IV. Functional relationships between six gametocidal genes

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Gc Gene

Gametocidal (Gc) genes in Aegilops species are known to cause gamete abortion and chromosome breakage when they are introduced into the wheat genetic background. Interactions of five Gc genes so far identified were investigated by analysis of wheat hybrids among lines carrying different gametocidal genes. As a result, the genes were classified into three functional groups. The first group includes two Gc genes of Ae. speltoides (Gc1a and Gc1b) and one gene (Gc-Sl3) on chromosome 2S1 of Ae. sharonensis. These genes were hypostatic to the genes (Gc-Sl1, Gc-Sl2) on chromosome 4S1 of Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis, which constitute the second group. In addition, plants carrying Gc genes of both the first and the second group produced progeny with higher frequencies of chromosome breakage than those found in the progeny of single gene carriers. It was concluded that there were specific interactions between these genes to enhance chromosome breakage. On the other hand, there was no interaction between the Gc gene (Gc-C) of Ae. triuncialis, the third group, and Gc genes belonging to the former two groups. These functional groups might be a reflection of the mechanisms by which Gc genes induce gamete abortion and chromosome breakage. Based on functional and local relationships, the symbols of the Gc genes were systematically redesignated.Key words: wheat, Triticum aestivum, Aegilops, gametocidal gene, chromosome breakage.

The effects on grain endosperm structure of an introgression from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. into chromosome 5A of bread wheat

Euphytica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Pshenichnikova ◽  
A. V. Simonov ◽  
M. F. Ermakova ◽  
A. K. Chistyakova ◽  
L. V. Shchukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Chromosome 5A ◽  
Endosperm Structure

Genomic targeting and high-resolution mapping of the domestication gene Q in wheat

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D Faris ◽  
Bikram S Gill
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Deletion Lines ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Chromosome 5A ◽  
Q Gene

The Q locus is largely responsible for the domestication of bread wheat. Q confers the free-threshing character of the spike and influences other important agronomic traits. Using chromosome deletion lines, Q was placed on the physical map within a submicroscopic segment of the long arm of chromosome 5A. We targeted markers to the segment by comparative mapping of anonymous RFLP clones, AFLP, and mRNA differential display analysis of deletion lines 5AL-7 and -23, which have deletion breakpoints that flank the Q locus. Differentially expressed sequences detected fragments at various loci on group 5 chromosomes suggesting that Q may be a regulatory gene. We identified 18 markers within the Q gene deletion interval and used them to construct a genetic linkage map of the region in F2 populations derived from chromosome 5A disomic substitution lines. The genetic map corresponding to the deletion segment was 20-cM long, and we identified markers as close as 0.7 cM to the Q gene. An estimate of base pairs per centimorgan within the region is 250 kb/cM, an 18-fold increase in recombination compared with the genomic average. Genomic targeting and high-density mapping provide a basis for the map-based cloning of the Q gene.Key words: Triticum aestivum, positional cloning, physical mapping.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of the stem rust resistance genes in the introgression lines of spring bread wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
S. N. Sibikeev ◽  
A. E. Druzhin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Wheat Lines

A total of 57 introgression lines and 11 cultivars of spring bread wheat developed by All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection and cultivated in the Volga Region were analyzed. The lines were obtained with the participation of CIMMYT synthetics, durum wheat cultivars, direct crossing with Agropyron elongatum (CI-7-57) and have introgressions from related species of bread wheat, namely translocations from Ag. elongatum (7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L), Aegilops speltoides (2D-2S), Ae. ventricosum (2AL-2AS-2MV#1), Secale cereale (1BL-1R#1S), 6Agi (6D) substitution from Ag. intermedium and triticale Satu. Cultivars and lines were assessed for resistance to Saratov, Lysogorsk, Derbent and Omsk stem rust pathogen populations (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), and analyzed for the presence of the known Sr resistance genes using molecular markers. The analysis of the cultivars’ and lines’ resistance to the Saratov pathogen population in the field, as well as to Omsk, Derbent and Lysogorsk populations at the seedling stage, showed the loss of efficiency of the Sr25 and Sr6Agi genes. The Sr31 gene remained effective. Thirty one wheat lines out of 57 (54.4 % of samples) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr57/Lr34 and Sr38/Lr37 genes were identified in the introgression lines. The Sr31/Lr26 gene was identified in 19 lines (33.3 % of samples). All lines carrying the 1RS.1BL translocation (Sr31/Lr26) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr25/Lr19 gene was identified in 49 lines (86 %). The gene combination Sr31/Lr26+ Sr25/Lr19 was identified in 15 lines (26.3 %). The gene combinations Sr38/Lr37+Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34+Sr25/Lr19 and Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19+Sr28 were identified in 3 introgression lines. These three lines were characterized by resistance to the pathogen populations studied in this work. The Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr32, Sr36 and Sr39 genes were not detected in the analyzed wheat lines.

Chromosomal structure of homozygous common wheat lines obtained from wheat × Agropyron × Aegilops speltoides derivatives. I. A screening of the reciprocal translocations

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Ortiz ◽  
Agueda Gonzalez ◽  
Maria-Cristina Chueca ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primitive Structure ◽  
Wheat Lines

Fifty-seven homozygous hexaploid lines belonging to five different families obtained by selection in the progenies of the cross between a wheat × Agropyron intermedium substitution line and an Aegilops speltoides promotor of homoeologous pairing were screened for reciprocal translocations. This study was carried out in relation to four Triticum aestivum cultivars: 'Vilmorin 27', Tormes', and 'Ducat' (which were used in the production of these lines), and 'Chinese Spring' that has the primitive structure of the common wheats. None of the lines retained the 5B/7B translocation of 'Vilmorin 27'. For some lines, the translocation of 'Tormes' and 'Ducat' seems to have been maintained. Ten of them show the primitive structure of 'Chinese Spring' even though none of the wheat parents had it. The others carry some original translocations as a result of the effect of Aegilops speltoides on meiotic pairing.Key words: homoeologous pairing, interspecific hybridization, gene transfer, chromosomal rearrangements, Triticum.

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