Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. IV. Functional relationships between six gametocidal genes

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Gc Gene

Gametocidal (Gc) genes in Aegilops species are known to cause gamete abortion and chromosome breakage when they are introduced into the wheat genetic background. Interactions of five Gc genes so far identified were investigated by analysis of wheat hybrids among lines carrying different gametocidal genes. As a result, the genes were classified into three functional groups. The first group includes two Gc genes of Ae. speltoides (Gc1a and Gc1b) and one gene (Gc-Sl3) on chromosome 2S1 of Ae. sharonensis. These genes were hypostatic to the genes (Gc-Sl1, Gc-Sl2) on chromosome 4S1 of Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis, which constitute the second group. In addition, plants carrying Gc genes of both the first and the second group produced progeny with higher frequencies of chromosome breakage than those found in the progeny of single gene carriers. It was concluded that there were specific interactions between these genes to enhance chromosome breakage. On the other hand, there was no interaction between the Gc gene (Gc-C) of Ae. triuncialis, the third group, and Gc genes belonging to the former two groups. These functional groups might be a reflection of the mechanisms by which Gc genes induce gamete abortion and chromosome breakage. Based on functional and local relationships, the symbols of the Gc genes were systematically redesignated.Key words: wheat, Triticum aestivum, Aegilops, gametocidal gene, chromosome breakage.

Stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Perry Elliott ◽  
Pier D. Lambiase ◽  
Dhavendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Cerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moya Moya Disease

Stroke is the third most common cause of death, and the most common cause of disability in developed countries. This chapter examines the genetics of stroke, and single gene causes (although stroke is often just one component of the phenotype). It then describes Anderson—Fabry disease, CADASIL, RVCL, autosomal-dominant porencephaly and infantile hemiparesis, hereditary cerebral haemorrhage with amyloidosis, Moya-Moya disease, sickle cell disease, and MELAS.

The power of the force: mechano-physiology of the giant titin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Andrés Rivas-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Single Polypeptide

Titin — the largest protein in the human body — spans half of the muscle sarcomere from the Z-disk to the M-band through a single polypeptide chain. More than 30 000 amino acid residues coded from a single gene (TTN, in humans Q8WZ42) form a long filamentous protein organized in individual globular domains concatenated in tandem. Owing to its location and close interaction with the other muscle filaments, titin is considered the third filament of muscle, after the thick-myosin and the thin-actin filaments.

scholarly journals Usefulness of discriminant analysis in the morphofunctional classification of Spanish dog breeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana González ◽  
Manuel Luque ◽  
Mariano Herrera ◽  
Carlos González ◽  
Elena Angón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
The One ◽  
Functional Indices

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine whether the classification of local Spanish breeds of dogs, based on morphological traits, matches or differs from the classification based on the dogs' breeding goals. A total of 15 biometric measurements and 10 functional indices were obtained in 1 365 dogs (709 females and 656 males). The dogs we measured belonged to 16 different breeds, 14 of which were officially recognized by the Spanish Royal Canine Society. Similar average values of morphometric traits and indices (P<0.001) were obtained in both sexes: the Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz was the breed with the smallest format and the Pyrenean and Spanish Mastiff, the largest. In the case of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) groups, significant differences (P<0.001) for morphometric traits were found, and in both sexes, the third group was the one with the smallest format and the second group, the largest. The differences obtained were more marked between all groups than within groups, and the morphological characteristics were similar, in accordance with the purpose for which the breeds were bred. Therefore, the existence of a morphologic pattern is accepted both in the breeds and the functional groups. Two as yet officially unrecognized breeds, the Orito and Paternino Hound, must be included in the fifth and the first FCI groups, respectively. When the Orito Hound is recognized, it will be added to the fifth FCI group and the word »hound« will be deleted from the name Paternino breed.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF BIFIDOFLORA OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN ASSOCIATIVE SYMBIOSIS OF HUMAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Bukharin ◽  
E. V. Ivanova ◽  
N. B. Perunova ◽  
I. A. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Associative Symbiosis

Aim. Aim of the research is the identification of functional groups of human gut bifidoflora based on analysis of the spectrum of metabolites features, proteome, bioprofile, immunoregulatory properties and the ability to differentiate «self/non-self» among the associative microbiota. Materials and methods. The materials are 260 strains ofbifidobacteria isolated from 122 intestinal microsymbiocenoses. Experimental studies were carried out using bacteriological, chromatographic and immunological methods. Statistical processing of material is carried out by means of the package Statistica 10.0 using of k-cluster analysis and discriminant method. Results. As a result ofthe work, 3 clusters containing strains of various types of bifidobacteria were identified. The first cluster was represented by B. bifidum and was characterized by the antipeptide activity of the strains with respect to FNO-a and INF-y, IL-10. In the second cluster of the B. longum culture predominated, where the parameters of the backbone factor of microsymbiocenosis, the ability to microbial recognition, antagonistic activity and production of acetic acid were significant. In the third cluster the species composition of bifidobacteria was diverse and products of butyric, caproic acids and their isoforms were the informative tests. Conclusion. The key function of bifido-flora in the regulation of the homeostasis of the intestinal biotope is realized by the formation of functional clusters, among which the first group participates in the formation of the cytokine balance, the second group is responsible for the discrimination of associative microbiota and direct protection of the biotope from pathogens, and the third is necessary to maintain the barrier metabolic function of enterocytes in the human large intestine.

scholarly journals Assessment of morphological and anatomical variability in Triticum species, Aegilops species, interspecific and intergeneric hybrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10891
Author(s):  
Hayati AKMAN
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Wheat species and wild relatives offer promising resources for wheat improvement and research in the current period of the genetic narrowing of modern wheat cultivars. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical traits of 20 diverse genotypes including Triticum and Aegilops species with intergeneric and interspecific wheat hybrids, which were compared with modern bread and durum wheat cultivars locally adapted to rainfed and irrigated conditions. The study showed that stomata density and size ranged from 55.3 to 108.6 stomata/mm2 and 401.4 to 1296 µm2, respectively, in the selected genotypes. Moving tetraploid to hexaploid genotypes, increased chromosome numbers yielded lower densities of large stomata in wheat species and hybrids. In this regard, the stomatal patterns of two hexaploid wheat hybrids and a wheat species including ‘Agrotriticum’, ‘Aegilotriticum’, and T. compactum, were of low density and large size stomata compared to T. durum cv. ‘Kunduru 1149’ with high density and small size stomata. Interestingly, the wild progenitor of the bread wheat D genome, Ae. tauschii, had a high density of the smallest stomata among the studied genotypes. The study further indicated that morphological parameters decreased under rainfed conditions compared to those under irrigated conditions, with levels varying among the genotypes. The rainfed flag leaf area and 1000-grain weight varied from 0.9 to 23.7 cm2 and from 7.3 to 61.9 g, respectively under rainfed conditions, while they ranged from 1.2 to 35.7 cm2 and 11.5 to 69.9 g under irrigated conditions. The flag leaf area had a significant and strong association with 1000-grain weight under rainfed (r2= 0.79) and irrigated (r2 = 0.77) conditions. T. turanicum and T. polonicum were characterized by the significantly highest 1000-grain weight in both rainfed and irrigated conditions. This study suggests that these wheat species with high 1000-grain weight might have promising alleles to be transferred into durum wheat to increase grain yield.

Nuclear envelope remodelling during rat spermiogenesis: distribution and expression pattern of LAP2/thymopoietins

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (15) ◽  
pp. 2227-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alsheimer ◽  
E. Fecher ◽  
R. Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Lamin B1 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Family

Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2) and the thymopoietins (TPs) are a family of proteins described in somatic cells of mammals, which are derived by alternative splicing from a single gene. For one of the members of the family (LAP2 = TPbeta) it has been shown that this integral membrane protein locates to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope, and that it binds to chromatin and B-type lamins. In the present study, we observed that during the third phase of spermatogenesis (i.e. spermiogenesis), TP-labelling shifted progressively to one half of the nuclear periphery in round spermatids. In the elongating spermatid the signal then becomes restricted to one spot located at the posterior (centriolar) pole of the nucleus. Changes in localization are accompanied by the disappearance, first of TPgamma, and later on of LAP2/TPbeta. TPalpha is the only member of the family detectable in the mature sperm. Concomitantly, lamin B1, the only nuclear lamina protein known to be expressed in mammalian spermatids, showed a similar behaviour, i.e. shifted progressively to the centriolar pole of spermatid nuclei before it became undetectable in fully differentiated mature sperms. These results are the first demonstration that expression and localization patterns of TPs are coordinately and differentially regulated with lamins during a differentiation process.

Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. III. Chromosome location and effects of two Aegilops speltoides-derived gametocidal genes in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto ◽  
K. Tsunewaki
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Common Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Present Gene

A new gametocidal gene was found in a common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring carrying the cytoplasm of Aegilops speltoides strain KU 5725 (Plant Germplasm Institute, Kyoto University). Monosomic analysis revealed that this gene and a previously known gametocidal gene Gc1, both derived from Ae. speltoides, are located on chromosome 2B. The two genes appear to be allelic and so have been designated as Gc1a (previous gene) and Gc1b (present gene). The two genes differ in their ability to induce hybrid dysgenesis in wheat: Gc1a causes endosperm degeneration and chromosome aberrations, whereas Gc1b results in abnormal seed lacking the shoot primodium. No correlation between embryo or endosperm degeneration and chromosome breakage was observed.Key words: wheat, Aegilops speltoides, gametocidal gene, hybrid dysgenesis, chromosome breakage.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of the fractions from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) extract

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
Herpandi ◽  
S.D. Lestari ◽  
Bastian ◽  
S. Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ft Ir

Free radicals including reactive oxygen species are continuously increasing in the human body. This condition causes the unbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the human body. An antioxidant is a compound with the ability to reduce the harmfulness of the free radical. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of fractions and analyzed the functional groups of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) methanol extract. The separation process was performed by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography. The separated fractions were measured for their antioxidant activity by using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The functional groups of each fraction were determined by using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The separation of water lettuce extract by using column chromatography produced seven fractions with different colors and confirmed by using TLC. The antioxidant activity showed the highest activity in the third fraction with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 131.66 ppm. The fifth fraction with the IC50 was about 184.62 ppm. Whereas, the first, second, fourth, sixth, and seventh fractions were relatively weak with the IC50 more than 200 ppm. The FT-IR spectrum also showed that the intensity hydroxyl group in the third fraction higher than the seventh fraction.

scholarly journals Dynamic Signatures of the Epigenome: Friend or Foe?

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Machnik ◽  
Urszula Oleksiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Epigenetic Patterns

Highly dynamic epigenetic signaling is influenced mainly by (micro)environmental stimuli and genetic factors. The exact mechanisms affecting particular epigenomic patterns differ dependently on the context. In the current review, we focus on the causes and effects of the dynamic signatures of the human epigenome as evaluated with the high-throughput profiling data and single-gene approaches. We will discuss three different aspects of phenotypic outcomes occurring as a consequence of epigenetics interplaying with genotype and environment. The first issue is related to the cases of environmental impacts on epigenetic profile, and its adverse and advantageous effects related to human health and evolutionary adaptation. The next topic will present a model of the interwoven co-evolution of genetic and epigenetic patterns exemplified with transposable elements (TEs) and their epigenetic repressors Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB–ZNFs). The third aspect concentrates on the mitosis-based microevolution that takes place during carcinogenesis, leading to clonal diversity and expansion of tumor cells. The whole picture of epigenome plasticity and its role in distinct biological processes is still incomplete. However, accumulating data define epigenomic dynamics as an essential co-factor driving adaptation at the cellular and inter-species levels with a benefit or disadvantage to the host.

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