Is maximal lactate steady state during intermittent cycling different for active compared with passive recovery?

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Coelho Greco ◽  
Luis Fabiano Barbosa ◽  
Renato Aparecido Corrêa Caritá ◽  
Benedito Sérgio Denadai
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Passive Recovery

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of recovery type (passive vs. active) during prolonged intermittent exercises on the blood lactate concentration (MLSS) and work rate (MLSSwint) at maximal lactate steady state. Nineteen male trained cyclists were divided into 2 groups for the determination of MLSSwint using passive (maximal oxygen uptake = 58.1 ± 3.5 mL·kg–1·min–1; N = 9) or active recovery (maximal oxygen uptake = 60.3 ± 9.0 mL·kg–1·min–1; N = 10). They performed the following tests, on different days, on a cycle ergometer: (i) incremental test until exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake; (ii) 2 to 3 continuous submaximal constant work rate tests (CWRT) for the determination of the work rate at continuous maximal lactate steady state (MLSSwcont); and (iii) 2 to 3 intermittent submaximal CWRT (7 × 4 min and 1 × 2 min, with 2-min recovery) with either passive or active recovery for the determination of MLSSwint. MLSSwint was significantly higher when compared with MLSSwcont for both passive recovery (294.7 ± 32.2 vs. 258.7 ± 24.5 W, respectively) and active recovery groups (300.5 ± 23.9 vs. 273.2 ± 21.5 W, respectively). The percentage increments in MLSSwint were similar between conditions (passive = 13% vs. active = 10%). MLSS (mmol·L–1) was not significantly different between MLSSwcont and MLSSwint for either passive recovery (4.50 ± 2.10 vs. 5.61 ± 1.78, respectively) and active recovery (4.06 ± 1.49 vs. 4.91 ± 1.91, respectively) conditions. We can conclude that using a work/rest ratio of 2:1, MLSSwint was ∼10%–13% higher than MLSSwcont, irrespective of the recovery type performed during prolonged intermittent exercises.

Effect of aerobic training status on both maximal lactate steady state and critical power

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Coelho Greco ◽  
Renato Aparecido Corrêa Caritá ◽  
Jeanne Dekerle ◽  
Benedito Sérgio Denadai
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Constant Work Rate

This study aimed at assessing the sensitivity of both maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP) in populations of different aerobic training status to ascertain whether CP is as sensitive as MLSS to a change in aerobic fitness. Seven untrained subjects (UT) (maximal oxygen uptake = 37.4 ± 6.5 mL·kg–1·min–1) and 7 endurance cyclists (T) (maximal oxygen uptake = 62.4 ± 5.2 mL·kg–1·min–1) performed an incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake estimation and several constant work rate tests for MLSS and CP determination. MLSS, whether expressed in mL·kg–1·min–1 (T: 51.8 ± 5.7 vs. UT: 29.0 ± 6.1) or % maximal oxygen uptake (T: 83.1 ± 6.8 vs. UT: 77.1 ± 4.5), was significantly higher in the T group. CP expressed in mL·kg–1·min–1 (T: 56.8 ± 5.1 vs. UT: 33.1 ± 6.3) was significantly higher in the T group as well but no difference was found when expressed in % maximal oxygen uptake (T: 91.1 ± 4.8 vs. UT: 88.3 ± 3.6). Whether expressed in absolute or relative values, MLSS is sensitive to aerobic training status and a good measure of aerobic endurance. Conversely, the improvement in CP with years of training is proportional to those of maximal oxygen uptake. Thus, CP might be less sensitive than MLSS for depicting an enhancement in aerobic fitness.

scholarly journals Comparison of maximal lactate steady state with V2, V4, individual anaerobic threshold and lactate minimum speed in horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A.B. Soares ◽  
G.C. Ferraz ◽  
C.B. Martins ◽  
D.P.M. Dias ◽  
J.C. Lacerda-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Individual Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Minimum Speed ◽  
Lactate Minimum

The anaerobic threshold is a physiologic event studied in various species. There are various methods for its assessment, recognized in the human and equine exercise physiology literature, several of these involving the relationship between blood lactate concentration (LAC) and exercise load, measured in a standardized exercise test. The aim of this study was to compare four of these methods: V2, V4, individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and lactate minimum speed (LMS) with the method recognized as the gold standard for the assessment of anaerobic threshold, maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS). The five tests were carried out in thirteen trained Arabian horses, in which velocities and associated LAC could be measured. The mean velocities and the LAC associated with the anaerobic threshold for the five methods were respectively: V2 = 9.67±0.54; V4 = 10.98±0.47; V IAT = 9.81±0.72; V LMS = 7.50±0.57 and V MLSS = 6.14±0.45m.s-1 and LAC IAT = 2.17±0.93; LAC LMS = 1.17±0.62 and LAC MLSS = 0.84±0.21mmol.L-1. None of the velocities were statistically equivalent to V MLSS (P<0.05). V2, V4 and V LMS showed a good correlation with V MLSS , respectively: r = 0.74; r = 0.78 and r = 0.83, and V IAT did not significantly correlate with V MLSS. Concordance between the protocols was relatively poor, i.e., 3.28±1.00, 4.84±0.30 and 1.43±0.32m.s-1 in terms of bias and 95% agreement limits for V2, V4 and LMS methods when compared to MLSS. Only LAC LMS did not differ statistically from LAC MLSS. Various authors have reported the possibility of the assessment of anaerobic threshold using rapid protocols such as V4 and LMS for humans and horses. This study corroborates the use of these tests, but reveals that adjustments in the protocols are necessary to obtain a better concordance between the tests and the MLSS.

scholarly journals Physiological responses to partial-body cryotherapy performed during a concurrent strength and endurance session

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Piras ◽  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Stefania Toselli ◽  
Rocco Di Michele ◽  
Milena Raffi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Partial Body

This investigation examined the effect of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) performed in the recovery time between a strength training and an interval running (IR) session. Nine rugby players (age, 23.7 ± 3.6 years; body mass index, 28.0 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) were randomly exposed to 2 different conditions: (i) PBC: 3 min at −160 °C, and (ii) passive recovery at 21 °C. We performed the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and recorded temperature and cardiac autonomic variables at 3 time points: at baseline, after strength training, and after 90 min of recovery. In addition, blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min before and 2.5 min after the IR. Heart rate (HR), energy cost, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and metabolic power were assessed during the IR. Homeostatic hydration status was affected by the execution of an intense strength training subsession. Then, after PBC, the BIA vector was restored close to normohydration status. Autonomic variables changed over time in both conditions, although the mean differences and effect sizes were greater in the PBC condition. During IR, HR was 3.5% lower after PBC, and the same result was observed for oxygen uptake (∼4.9% lower) and ventilation (∼6.5% lower). The energy cost measured after cryotherapy was ∼9.0% lower than after passive recovery. Cryotherapy enhances recovery after a single strength training session, and during subsequent IR, it shows a reduction in cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters. PBC may be useful for those athletes who compete or train more than once in the same day, to improve recovery between successive training sessions or competitions.

Maximal Lactate Steady State in Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Volker Schwarz ◽  
Renate Leithäuser ◽  
Matthias Hütler ◽  
Serge P. von Duvillard
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Submaximal Workload

Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) corresponds to the prolonged constant workload whereby the kinetics of blood lactate concentration clearly increases from steady state. Different results of MLSS in children may reflect specific test protocols or definitions. Three methods corresponding to lactate time courses during 20 min (MLSS I), 16 min (MLSS II), and 8 min (MLSS III) of constant submaximal workload were intraindividually compared in 10 boys. At MLSS I, lactate, V̇O2peak, heart rate, and workload were higher (p < .05) than at MLSS II and at MLSS III. The differences between MLSS I, MLSS II, and MLSS III reflect insufficient contribution to lactate kinetics by testing procedures, strongly depending on the lactate time courses during the initial 10 min of constant workload. Previously published divergent results of MLSS in children seem to reflect a methodological effect more than a metabolic change.

Reliability of time-to-exhaustion and selected psycho-physiological variables during constant-load cycling at the maximal lactate steady-state

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Faude ◽  
Anne Hecksteden ◽  
Daniel Hammes ◽  
Franck Schumacher ◽  
Eric Besenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Load Tests

The maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) is frequently assessed for prescribing endurance exercise intensity. Knowledge of the intra-individual variability of the MLSS is important for practical application. To date, little is known about the reliability of time-to-exhaustion and physiological responses to exercise at MLSS. Twenty-one healthy men (age, 25.2 (SD 3.3) years; height, 1.83 (0.06) m; body mass, 78.9 (8.9) kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 57.1 (10.7) mL·min−1·kg−1) performed 1 incremental exercise test, and 2 constant-load tests to determine MLSS intensity. Subsequently, 2 open-end constant-load tests (MLSS 1 and 2) at MLSS intensity (3.0 (0.7) W·kg−1, 76% (10%) maximal oxygen uptake) were carried out. During the tests, blood lactate concentrations, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), variables of gas exchange, and core body temperature were determined. Time-to-exhaustion was 50.8 (14.0) and 48.2 (16.7) min in MLSS 1 and 2 (mean change: −2.6 (95% confidence interval: −7.8, 2.6)), respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for time-to-exhaustion (24.6%) and for mean (4.8 (1.2) mmol·L−1) and end (5.4 (1.7) mmol·L−1) blood lactate concentrations (15.7% and 19.3%). The CV of mean exercise values for all other parameters ranged from 1.4% (core temperature) to 8.3% (ventilation). At termination, the CVs ranged from 0.8% (RPE) to 11.8% (breathing frequency). The low reliability of time-to-exhaustion and blood lactate concentration at MLSS indicates that the precise individual intensity prescription may be challenging. Moreover, the obtained data may serve as reference to allow for the separation of intervention effects from random variation in our sample.

Critical power in adolescent boys and girls — an exploratory study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Williams ◽  
Jeanne Dekerle ◽  
Kerry McGawley ◽  
Serge Berthoin ◽  
Helen Carter
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The purpose of the study was to identify critical power (CP) in boys and girls and to examine the physiological responses to exercise at and 10% above CP (CP+10%) in a sub-group of boys. Nine boys and 9 girls (mean age 12.3 (0.5) y performed 3 constant-load tests to derive CP. Eight of the boys then exercised, in random order, at CP and CP+10% until volitional exhaustion. CP was 123 (28) and 91 (26) W for boys and girls, respectively (p < 0.02), which was equivalent to 75 (6) and 72 (10) % of peak oxygen uptake, respectively (p > 0.47). Boys’ time to exhaustion at CP was 18 min 37 s (4 min 13 s), which was significantly longer (p < 0.007) than that at CP+10% (9 min 42 s (2 min 31 s)). End-exercise values for blood lactate concentration (B[La]) and maximal oxygen uptake were higher in the CP+10% trial (5.0 (2.4) mmol·L–1 and 2.15 (0.4) L·min–1, respectively) than in the CP trial, (B[La], 4.7 (2.1) mmol·L–1; maximal oxygen uptake, 2.05 (0.35) L·min–1; p > 0.13). Peak oxygen uptake (expressed as a percentage of the peak value) was not attained at the end of the trials (94 (12) and 98 (14) % for CP and CP+10%, respectively). These results provide information about the boundary between the heavy and severe exercise intensity domains in children, and have demonstrated that CP in a group of boys does not represent a sustainable steady-state intensity of exercise.

Can measures of critical power precisely estimate the maximal metabolic steady-state?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Mattioni Maturana ◽  
Daniel A. Keir ◽  
Kaitlin M. McLay ◽  
Juan M. Murias
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Relationship Of

Critical power (CP) conceptually represents the highest power output (PO) at physiological steady-state. In cycling exercise, CP is traditionally derived from the hyperbolic relationship of ∼5 time-to-exhaustion trials (TTE) (CPHYP). Recently, a 3-min all-out test (CP3MIN) has been proposed for estimation of CP as well the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS). The aim of this study was to compare the POs derived from CPHYP, CP3MIN, and MLSS, and the oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentrations at MLSS. Thirteen healthy young subjects (age, 26 ± 3years; mass, 69.0 ± 9.2 kg; height, 174 ± 10 cm; maximal oxygen uptake, 60.4 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1·min−1) were tested. CPHYP was estimated from 5 TTE. CP3MIN was calculated as the mean PO during the last 30 s of a 3-min all-out test. MLSS was the highest PO during a 30-min ride where the variation in blood lactate concentration was ≤ 1.0 mmol·L−1 during the last 20 min. PO at MLSS (233 ± 41 W; coefficient of variation (CoV), 18%) was lower than CPHYP (253 ± 44 W; CoV, 17%) and CP3MIN (250 ± 51 W; CoV, 20%) (p < 0.05). Limits of agreement (LOA) from Bland–Altman plots between CPHYP and CP3MIN (–39 to 31 W), and CP3MIN and MLSS (–29 to 62 W) were wide, whereas CPHYP and MLSS presented the narrowest LOA (–7 to 48 W). MLSS yielded not only the maximum PO of stable blood lactate concentration, but also stable oxygen uptake. In conclusion, POs associated to CPHYP and CP3MIN were larger than those observed during MLSS rides. Although CPHYP and CP3MIN were not different, the wide LOA between these 2 tests and the discrepancy with PO at MLSS questions the ability of CP measures to determine the maximal physiological steady-state.

Predicting Maximal Lactate Steady State in Children and Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Hermann Heck ◽  
Helge Hebestreit ◽  
Renate M Leithäuser
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Test Power ◽  
Load Tests

The value of blood lactate concentration (BLC) measured during incremental load tests in predicting maximal lactate-steady-state (MLSS) workload has rarely been investigated in children. In 17 children and 18 adults MLSS was 4.1 ± 0.9mmol 1.1. Workload at BLC of 3.0mmol 1.1 determined during an incremental load test explained about 80% of the variance (p < .001) and best predicted MLSS workload independent of age. This was despite the increase in power per time related to maximum incremental load test power being higher (p < .001) in children than in adults. The BLC response to given exercise intensities is faster in children without affecting MLSS.

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