Overview of the remediation process at sites with creosote related contamination in soil, groundwater and river sediment

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Zapf-Gilje ◽  
Guy C Patrick ◽  
Robert McLenehan
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Process Risk

Industrial production and use of creosote dates back to the middle of the 1800s, with the largest production occurring in the first part of the 20th century. In British Columbia, the historical use of creosote for wood treatment and other industrial applications has been large. The characteristics of creosote have led to widespread contamination from spills and leaks at sites where creosote was used. Three such sites are located along the Fraser River within the Fraser River delta. Two of these sites have been subject to provincial remediation orders, as the potential risk to aquatic life in the Fraser River was considered to be high. Several phases of investigation and remediation have taken place over the past three years, with varying rates of progress, influenced by the complexity of the individual groups of responsible persons and by site conditions. The remediation is, to a large extent, completed at two of the sites, and is well underway at the third site. The remediation involved a combination of reduction of contaminant mass through removal of the near surface contaminated soils, in-place management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination at depth and in the river sediments, and hydraulic control of dissolved and free-phase contamination through pumping from on-site wells. The completed remediation works will allow for continued industrial and (or) commercial use of the site, and provide long-term protection of the Fraser River and its aquatic habitat. The measures implemented are expected to satisfy the provincial Waste Management Act and the Contaminated Sites Regulation for protection of human health and the environment, as well as the federal provisions under the Canadian Fisheries Act for controlling release of deleterious substances and for providing adequate foreshore fish habitat.Key words: coaltar, containment, contaminated site, creosote, hydraulic control, interception, regulatory process, risk-based remediation, river sediments.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Analysis of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination on a Soil Sample to Determine Its Natural Degradation Feasibility

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Karuna Arjoon ◽  
James G. Speight
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Oil Composition

Crude oil is the world’s leading fuel source and is the lifeblood of the industrialized nations as it is vital to produce many everyday essentials. This dependency on fossil fuels has resulted in serious environmental issues in recent times. Petroleum contaminated soils must be treated to ensure that human health and the environment remain protected. The restoration of petroleum-polluted soil is a complex project because once petroleum hydrocarbon enters the environment, the individual constituents will partition to various environmental compartments in accordance with their own physical–chemical properties; therefore, the composition and inherent biodegradability of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant determines the suitability of a remediation approach. The objective of this study was to assess the prospective of bioremediation as a feasible technique for practical application to the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, by trending the changes in the properties of the petroleum due to biodegradation. Each polluted soil has particularities, thus, the bioremediation approach for each contaminated site is unique. Therefore, hydrocarbon-contaminated sites that have remained polluted for decades due to lack of proper decontamination treatments present in this part of the world would benefit from cost effective treatments. Most bioremediation case studies are usually based on hypothetical assumptions rather than technical or experimental data; providing data that show the capabilities of biodegradation of indigenous microbes on specific oil composition can lead to the creation of strategies to accelerate the biological breakdown of hydrocarbons in soil.

scholarly journals Effects of hydrocarbon spills on the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEGAN R. BALKS ◽  
RON F. PAETZOLD ◽  
JOHN M. KIMBLE ◽  
JACKIE AISLABIE ◽  
IAIN B. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
And Control

Hydrocarbon spills have occurred on Antarctic soils where fuel oils are utilized, moved or stored. We investigated the effects of hydrocarbon spills on soil temperature and moisture regimes by comparing the properties of existing oil contaminated sites with those of nearby, uncontaminated, control sites at Scott Base, the old Marble Point camp, and Bull Pass in the Wright Valley. Hydrocarbon levels were elevated in fuel-contaminated samples. Climate stations were installed at all three locations in both contaminated and control sites. In summer at Scott Base and Marble Point the mean weekly maximum near surface (2 cm and 5 cm depth) soil temperatures were warmer (P<0.05), sometimes by more than 10°C, at the contaminated site than the control sites. At Bull Pass there were no statistically significant differences in near-surface soil temperatures between contaminated and control soils. At the Scott Base and Marble Point sites soil albedo was lower, and hydrophobicity was higher, in the contaminated soils than the controls. The higher temperatures at the Scott Base and Marble Point hydrocarbon contaminated sites are attributed to the decreased surface albedo due to soil surface darkening by hydrocarbons. There were no noteworthy differences in moisture retention between contaminated and control sites.

scholarly journals Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Yellow Foxtail (Setaria glauca L. P. Beauv): Impact on Seed Head Morphology

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kosma ◽  
J Long ◽  
S Ebb
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Cadmium Bioaccumulation ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Extractable

Yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca L. P. Beauv) growing on a cadmium-contaminated site was sampled to determine the extent of cadmium bioaccumulation in aerial tissues and the impact of cadmium on growth and development. Water-extractable Cd concentrations in the soil ranged from 5.0 to 18.0 mg L-1. Aerial tissues contained elevated concentrations of Cd (16-48 μg g-1 DW), with mean concentration ratios of >3.0. Since foxtail frequently colonizes disturbed sites, the bioaccumulation of Cd in aerial tissues of foxtail suggests that wildlife feeding upon this plant species could be exposed to elevated Cd levels. A significant negative correlation (r2=0.98) was observed between water-extractable Cd in the soil and seed head length in foxtail, indicative of an adverse effect of Cd on reproductive development. This correlation further suggests seed head length as a biomarker for soluble Cd in contaminated soils. KEYWORDS: Cadmium, bioaccumulation, biomarker, phytotoxicity

An efficient protocol for the isolation of fungal DNA for strains obtained from oil contaminated fields

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Bhavya Ravi ◽  
Madhulika Rai ◽  
Sandhya Mehrotra ◽  
Rajesh Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
Fungal Dna

A natural ecosystem contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is likely to favor the growth of taxonomically diverse microbes having the ability to degrade these organic compounds. They can be exploited for purposes like bioremediation of oil contaminated soils and to obtain enzymes like lipases having important industrial applications. In this paper, a novel “IBG” (Improved ‘Bust and Grab’) protocol has been reported for the isolation of fungal DNA from strains collected from oil contaminated fields. Conventional methods for DNA isolation from fungi require the use of enzymes, liquid nitrogen, glass beads etc. The method reported here circumvents the use of enzymes or glass beads and is cost effective and can be used while handling large number of samples. The DNA yield obtained by the IBG protocol is significant and of good quality. The good quality DNA isolated by IBG protocol can be used for the quick and cost effective isolation of fungal genomic DNA facilitating the genomic study of microbes obtained from oil contaminated fields.

Metal and petroleum hydrocarbon contamination at Wilkes Station, East Antarctica

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie A. Fryirs ◽  
Erla G. Hafsteinsdóttir ◽  
Scott C. Stark ◽  
Damian B. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractThe management of sediment and water contamination from legacy waste is a significant problem in Antarctica. Although several reports have noted that there are contaminated sites at the abandoned Wilkes Station, a systematic attempt to assess the spatial scale of the problem has not been made, making development of clean-up or preservation programmes difficult. A contaminated site assessment for the old Wilkes Station and surrounds is presented in this paper. The Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) sediment and water quality guidelines and background concentration levels (BCL) were used to assess the extent of contamination across Clark Peninsula. Of 67 sediment sites sampled, 72% were contaminated with at least one metal or metalloid, with values exceeding the ANZECC ISQG-High or 2 x BCL. Moreover, 19% were contaminated with four or more metals/metalloids. Of the 93 water samples collected, all but one was contaminated with at least one metal/metalloid concentration exceeding the guidelines, and 96% were contaminated with two or more metals/metalloids. For hydrocarbons in sediment and water, most samples were below quantitation limits. There is a complex pattern of contamination across Clark Peninsula that needs to be considered in future waste treatment, containment or removal operations, and for protection of heritage items.

scholarly journals Intrinsically reversible superglues via shape adaptation inspired by snail epiphragm

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (28) ◽  
pp. 13774-13779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyesung Cho ◽  
Gaoxiang Wu ◽  
Jason Christopher Jolly ◽  
Nicole Fortoul ◽  
Zhenping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Shape Adaptation

Adhesives are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial applications. They usually fall into one of two classes: strong but irreversible (e.g., superglues) or reversible/reusable but weak (e.g., pressure-sensitive adhesives and biological and biomimetic surfaces). Achieving both superstrong adhesion and reversibility has been challenging. This task is particularly difficult for hydrogels that, because their major constituent is liquid water, typically do not adhere strongly to any material. Here, we report a snail epiphragm-inspired adhesion mechanism where a polymer gel system demonstrates superglue-like adhesion strength (up to 892 N⋅cm−2) that is also reversible. It is applicable to both flat and rough target surfaces. In its hydrated state, the softened gel conformally adapts to the target surface by low-energy deformation, which is locked upon drying as the elastic modulus is raised from hundreds of kilopascals to ∼2.3 GPa, analogous to the action of the epiphragm of snails. We show that in this system adhesion strength is based on the material’s intrinsic, especially near-surface, properties and not on any near-surface structure, providing reversibility and ease of scaling up for practical applications.

Efficiency and mechanism of lead stabilization in soil of lead-acid battery contaminated site with phosphorus-based materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Guanlin Guo ◽  
Fasheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Primary Mineral ◽  
Factory Site ◽  
Lead Activity ◽  
Lead Acid

&lt;p&gt;Lead contaminated soils occurred at lead-acid battery manufacturing and recycling sites are of great concern. Bench-scale batch experiments of stabilization treatment were conducted using twelve materials and three phosphorus-based materials, KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;(KP), KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;:oyster shell power = 1:1 (by mass ratio; KSP), and KH2PO4:sintered magnesia = 1:1(by mass ratio; KPM), were screened out for lead contaminated soil in an abandoned lead-acid battery factory site. The three materials had higher remediation efficiencies that led to a 92% reduction in leachable Pb and 12% reduction in bioaccessible Pb with the addition of 5% material, while the acid soluble fraction of lead decreased by 41&amp;#8211;46%. The lead activity in the soil solution sharply decreased treated by three materials. Pb&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Cl was the primary mineral controlling lead solubility in soil treated by KP and KSP and lead activity was related to Pb&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;OH and Pb&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Cl in soil amended with KPM.&lt;/p&gt;

Near‐surface shear wave reflection surveys in the Fraser River delta, B.C., Canada

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Harris ◽  
R. D. Miller ◽  
J. Xia ◽  
J. A. Hunter ◽  
C. B. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
Surface Shear Wave

Health Risk Assessment and Quantitative Calculation of Typical Cr Contaminated Sites

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Song Sun ◽  
Hang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Nan Sun ◽  
An Ping Liu ◽  
Jian Ming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Chemical Factory

Select the former site of a chemical factory in Chongqing, China as the typical Cr contaminated site. According to “Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites” and “Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (Interim)” (HJ-350-2007), this paper conducts health risk assessment for the site, and provide a basis for contaminated soil remediation. At the same time, according to the contaminated condition, used the Golden Software Surfer 8 to draw the boundary of contaminated soils and thus calculate the volume of contaminated soil. By estimation the volume is about 3122.3 m3, which provide detailed data for the later remediation engineering.

Ex Situ Biostimulation of Hydrocarbon Degradation by Organic and Inorganic Amendments

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Iveta Štyriaková ◽  
R. Hampl ◽  
I. Jech
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Inorganic Amendments ◽  
Flux Consumption ◽  
Scale Experiment

To examine the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, we conducted a pilot-scale experiment during the winter and summer periods. Soil samples were analyzed periodically to determine the soil gas amount of volatile organic compound, carbon dioxide flux, consumption of O2 and indigenous bacterial numbers during bioremediation. The initial level of the most contaminated site (10 070 mg hydrocarbon kg-1 soil) was reduced successively to 4 800 mg kg-1 after 4 months and to 1 400 mg kg -1 after 6 months in ex-situ amended soils. The hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations increased during the treatment as also did soil respiration. Both aerobic and methanogenic conditions appeared to be important at these sites. Methane concentration (500-23 000 ppm) and CO2 production (800-17 000 ppm) varied with the extent of contamination. The bioventing system used in this study aerated a wide area of soil. It was concluded that N and P availability within the organic and inorganic nutrients limited the biodegradation of hydrocarbon contamination. By combination of organic and inorganic amendments a 86% removal efficiency was achieved. Nutrient diffusion varied within the 3 m high decontamination biopile but was sufficient to promote bacterial proliferation in all layers.

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