Practical simulation of sediment transport in urban runoff

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Schroeter ◽  
W. E. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Runoff Model

A model for simulating sediment transport in urban areas has been developed based on the concept of "equivalent solids reservoirs." The processes of erosion, deposition, and routing have been represented by simple algorithms, which are applied to typical urban drainage elements (surfaces, gutters, pipes, and detention ponds). Input requirements are limited and include two sediment characteristics (particle size and relative density), scour and deposition parameters, and initial sediment loadings. Hydraulic properties of the drainage elements and the inflow hydrograph to each element are also required. This sediment transport submodel is an integral part of Q'URM, the Queen's University Urban Runoff Model. It has been developed and calibrated on the basis of data from a stormwater quality sampling program on the Calvin Park basin in Kingston, Ontario, and verified on the basis of data from an independent study of runoff quality in the Malvern basin in Burlington, Ontario. Key words: urban hydrology, sediment transport, simulation, measurement.

Urban Greening and Human-Wildlife Relations in Philadelphia: From Animal Control to Multispecies Coexistence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hunold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Animal Control

City-scale urban greening is expanding wildlife habitat in previously less hospitable urban areas. Does this transformation also prompt a reckoning with the longstanding idea that cities are places intended to satisfy primarily human needs? I pose this question in the context of one of North America's most ambitious green infrastructure programmes to manage urban runoff: Philadelphia's Green City, Clean Waters. Given that the city's green infrastructure plans have little to say about wildlife, I investigate how wild animals fit into urban greening professionals' conceptions of the urban. I argue that practitioners relate to urban wildlife via three distinctive frames: 1) animal control, 2) public health and 3) biodiversity, and explore the implications of each for peaceful human-wildlife coexistence in 'greened' cities.

scholarly journals Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Modern Stormwater Treatment Assets

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hadi Zamanifard ◽  
Edward A. Morgan ◽  
Wade L. Hadwen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design

Modern stormwater treatment assets are a form of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) features that aim to reduce the volumes of sediment, nutrients and gross pollutants discharged into receiving waterways. Local governments and developers in urban areas are installing and maintaining a large number of stormwater treatment assets, with the aim of improving urban runoff water quality. Many of these assets take up significant urban space and are highly visible and as a result, community acceptance is essential for effective WSUD design and implementation. However, community perceptions and knowledge about these assets have not been widely studied. This study used a survey to investigate community perceptions and knowledge about stormwater treatment assets in Brisbane, Australia. The results suggest that there is limited community knowledge of these assets, but that communities notice them and value their natural features when well-maintained. This study suggests that local governments may be able to better inform residents about the importance of these assets, and that designing for multiple purposes may improve community acceptance and support for the use of Council funds to maintain them.

An urban runoff model designed to inform stormwater management decisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole G. Beck ◽  
Gary Conley ◽  
Lisa Kanner ◽  
Margaret Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Runoff Model

Uncertainty in the parameterization of sediment build-up and wash-off processes in the simulation of sediment transport in urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Gorgoglione ◽  
Fabián A. Bombardelli ◽  
Bruno J.L. Pitton ◽  
Lorence R. Oki ◽  
Darren L. Haver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Urban Areas

scholarly journals Development of Sustainable Detention Ponds for Flood and Sediment Control in Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 1625 ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
S Suripin ◽  
S Darsono ◽  
D Kurniani ◽  
W F Hutagalung ◽  
D V Dintia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
Sediment Control

A metamodel for stormwater detention basins design

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Leviandier ◽  
S. Payraudeau
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Deterministic System ◽  
End User ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Rainfall Model ◽  
Rainfall Statistics ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf ◽  
Optimisation Procedure

The aim of storm basins is to protect urban areas against some predefined risk of exceeding a given value of downstream runoff, or a risk of overflow for a bounded storage capacity. This risk results from the combination of a natural hazard and hydraulic properties. The correct way to address this issue is to use a stochastic rainfall model, but it may require unavailable data and be cumbersome to use in the framework of an optimisation procedure. We give the end user a way to by-pass this step, by means of a metamodel. The problem is to calculate the parameters of the probability density function (pdf) of outputs as a function of the pdf of inputs and of the parameters of the dynamic deterministic system between inputs and outputs. We propose to apply a metamodel, which is a new way of designing approximate but generic derived distribution, based on conditional probabilities. For application to dimensioning of basins, the determination of the parameter(s) corresponding to an acceptable risk simply consists of solving an algebraic equation representing the metamodel. The methodology needs usual rainfall statistics and a specific parameter inferred from analysis of storms, or supposed to have a regional value.

Simulation of Basin Scale Runoff Reduction by Infiltration Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Herath ◽  
K. Musiake
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
System Model ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Modelling Approach

A modelling approach is presented to simulate infiltration systems in urban areas. The model consists of a hydrological sub-model and an infiltration system sub-model. Infiltration characteristics of individual facilities are first established using steady state numerical simulation of Richards' equation. These are represented as linear relations between the facility water head and infiltration rate for given facility widths. The infiltration system model is obtained by applying continuity equation to infiltration facilities lumped over a sub-catchment. This model is then coupled to a catchment runoff model to simulate storm runoff with infiltration systems. The model is applied to an infiltration system installation in a residential area, where stormwater runoff is monitored in a pilot area and a comparative area. The observed results suggest the method is adequate to evaluate the performance of infiltration systems. Except for the catchment storage routing parameter, all model parameters are determined from physical catchment characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Low Impact Development in an Overcrowded City

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Che Ho ◽  
Shih-Wei Lin ◽  
Hong-Yuan Lee ◽  
Cheng-Chia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Study Results

Sustainability and resilience are up-to-date considerations for urban developments in terms of flood mitigation. These considerations usually pose a new challenge to the urban planner because the achievement of a sustainable design through low impact development (LID) practices would be affected by the selection and the distribution of them. This study proposed a means to optimize the distribution of LIDs with the concept of considering the reduction of the flood peak and the hydrologic footprint residence (HFR). The study region is a densely populated place located in New Taipei City. This place has been developing for more than 40 years with completive sewer systems; therefore, the design must consider the space limitations. The flood reduction induced by each LID component under different rainfall return periods was estimated, and then the detention ponds were also conducted to compare the improvements. The results showed that the performance of LIDs dramatically decreased when the return periods were larger than ten years. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was then applied to optimize the spatial distribution of LIDs under different budget scenarios, and to decide the priority of locations for the LID configuration. Finally, the Monte Carlo test was used to test the relationship between the optimal space configuration of LIDs and the impermeability of the study region. A positive correlation was uncovered between the optimal allocation ratio and the impermeable rate of the partition. The study results can provide general guidelines for urban planners to design LIDs in urban areas.

Pollutant Removal and Eutrophication in Urban Runoff Detention Ponds

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Toet ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
Y. A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Water Quality Model ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Runoff Quality

A water quality model POND for eutrophication and pollutant removal in urban stormwater runoff detention ponds has been developed. The numerical simulation model is a relatively simple, one-dimensional deterministic water quality model consisting of a set of differential equations. Included are processes describing the removal and accumulation of dissolved and particulate constituents as well as processes concerning the yearly cycle of phytoplankton growth and nutrient transformations. The input to the pond is based on runoff quality data and a historical rainfall record. The model has been used to simulate eutrophication and removal of phosphorus and heavy metals in an urban runoff detention pond. Especially the importance of the pond volume, i.e. the residence time of the runoff water in the pond, for pollutant removal and eutrophication has been analysed. Simulations were carried out based on measured runoff quality data and a 33 years of rainfall record. Dry, normal and wet years and summers were selected for the analysis.

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