THE BACTERIAL DISSIMILATION OF NAPHTHALENE

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Murphy ◽  
R. W. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Orange Color ◽  
Naphthalene Oxidation ◽  
Reddish Orange

Data are presented indicating that the major pathway for the oxidation of naphthalene by a strain of Pseudomonas occurs via salicylic acid, which is further oxidized through catechol to β-ketoadipic acid. On the basis of growth, simultaneous adaptation, and cell-free extract experiments, the following compounds are regarded as unlikely intermediates in naphthalene dissimilation: 1,4-naphthoquinone, α-naphthol, β-naphthol, 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthaIene, phenol, trans-o-hydroxycinnamic acid, and phthalic acid. Evidence was found that a second pathway of naphthalene oxidation produces 1,2-naphthoquinone. 1,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene was found to be non-enzymatically converted to 1,2-naphthoquinone. The 1,2-naphthoquinone was not further metabolized and was found to be responsible for the characteristic brown to reddish orange color of the culture medium. Omission of FeCl2and MgSO4from the basal medium prevented the formation of salicylic acid but did not interfere with the production of 1,2-naphthoquinone.

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid alter protein kinase C (PKC)-δ and PKC-ζ and diminish dysmorphogenesis in rat embryos cultured with high glucose in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Gäreskog ◽  
Parri Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Protein Kinase C Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase C

Malformations and growth disturbances are two- to threefold more common in infants of diabetic mothers than in offspring of non-diabetic pregnancy. Several suggestions have emerged to explain the reasons for diabetic embryopathy, including enhanced mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species leading to altered activation of protein kinase C. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) addition on morphology and activity of protein kinase C-δ and protein kinase C-ζ in rat embryos exposed to a high glucose concentration in vitro. Day 9 embryos from normal rats were cultured in 10 or 30 mM glucose concentrations with or without supplementation of CHC, NAC, or protein kinase C inhibitors specific for protein kinase C-δ and protein kinase C-ζ. Embryos were evaluated for malformations, crown rump length, and somite number. Protein kinase C-δ and protein kinase C-ζ activities were estimated by western blot by separating membranous and cytosolic fractions of the embryo. We found increased malformations and growth retardation in embryos cultured in high versus low glucose concentrations. These abnormalities were diminished when CHC and NAC or specific protein kinase C-inhibitors were added to the culture medium. The activities of embryonic protein kinase C-δ and protein kinase C-ζ were increased in the high glucose environment after 24-h culture, but were normalized by the addition of CHC and NAC as well as respective inhibitor to the culture medium. These findings suggest that mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species is involved in diabetic embryopathy. Furthermore, such overproduction may affect embryonic development, at least partly, by enhancing the activities of protein kinase C-δ and protein kinase C-ζ.

scholarly journals In vitro answer of Bulgarian pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Velichka Rodeva ◽  
Stanislava Grozeva ◽  
Velichka Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Level

Callusogenesis and regeneration ability of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from three Bulgarian pepper varieties in MS basal medium supplemented with l-3mg/l BAP. l.0mg/1 IAA and 0.5mg/l GA3 was studied. In the different variants of culture medium was registered high level of callusogenesis and organogenesis in both type of explants from the all varieties. The highest percentage of plant-regenerants is established in cotyledon explants (from 3.3 to 18.3) in variant 3 of the culture medium containing 3mg/l BA. In the process of micropropagation by stem explants of the same studied pepper varieties the addition of the vitamins C. B12. Casein hydrolysate and Ferulic acid had a stimulation effect on the plant growth in height and rooting. In result of anther cultivation from three pepper varieties and four breeding lines the highest percentage of embryo structure formation was registered in varieties Albena and Strjama (12.0 and 13.8 respectively). The Bulgarian peppers are recalcitrant and their in vitro answer is different depending from the explants type, genotype and the culture media composition.

scholarly journals Bioreduction of Cr(VI) by Viable Cells and Cell-Free Extract of a Moderate Halophile, Halomonas Smyrnensis KS802 and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Efficacy in Tannery Effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Biswas ◽  
AK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Halomonas Smyrnensis

Abstract The present study was aimed to characterize the chromate reducing ability of cells and cell-free extract (CFE) of Halomonas smyrnensis KS802 (GenBank Accession No. KU982965) and evaluate their effectiveness in tannery effluents. Viable cells of the strain reduced 200 µM Cr(VI) in basal medium for halophiles (MH) in 10 h and was inversely proportional to Cr(VI) concentrations. The rapid reduction by cells (10⁹ cells/mL) was achieved with 7.5% NaCl, at pH 7 and 37°C which increased with increasing cell density (10¹° cells/mL). While acetate, Cu³⁺, Fe³⁺, SO₄²⁻, and CO₃²⁻ were stimulating the reduction, the inhibitors retarded the process significantly. The NADH-dependent chromate reduction of the CFE was found to be constitutive with Km and Vmax values of 56.58 µM and 3.37 µM/min/mg protein respectively. The optimal reductase activity of the CFE was evident at 200 µM Cr(VI), 10% NaCl, pH 8.0 and at 45°C. A higher concentration of CFE and electron donors increased the enzyme activity but was impacted negatively by toxic metals and anions. Both the cells and CFE were capable of reducing Cr(VI) remarkably from tannery effluent. FTIR and XRD spectra of chromate reducing cells confirmed possible complexation of reduced Cr-species with functional groups on cell surface.

Réaction du sulfure de bore avec quelques composés difonctionnels

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1675-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jerumanis ◽  
P. A. Begin ◽  
D. Vu Cong
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Yield

Catechol reacts with boron sulfide to give 2,2′-o-phenylenedioxybis-(1,3,2-benzodioxaborole) (1) while only the hydroxyl function of salicylic acid reacts to give a quantitative yield of tris(o-carboxylphenoxy)borane (3). Phthalic acid is dehydrated to phthalic anhydride, but succinic acid and maleic acid have been found inert to the action of the boron sulfide.

Effect of Inorganic Nutrients on Production of Steroid Glycoalkaloids by Phytophthora infestans Race 1.2.4 In Vitro

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELANIE R. MAAS ◽  
FREDERICK J. POST ◽  
D. K. SALUNKHE
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
The Individual

The influence of sodium salts of the macronutrients nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and chloride; and the micronutrients iron, calcium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and manganese on growth of Phytophthora infestans and synthesis of glycoalkaloids by the fungus was investigated. Maximum growth levels were demonstrated when 0.04% phosphate, 0.04% chloride, or 2–5 mg of iron/liter were employed in the culture medium. Results indicate that upon substitution of the individual sodium salts of the macronutrients for the potassium and magnesium salts or addition of sodium chloride to the basal medium, the concentration of glycoalkaloids synthesized by the fungus decreased significantly. Regression analysis showed that the concentration of phosphate in the medium had the most influence on the amount of glycoalkaloids produced by P. infestans. Increasing the phosphate concentration in the medium resulted in increasing amounts of glycoalkaloids being produced by the fungus. As the mass of mycelium increased in media containing different amounts of phosphate, the quantity of glycoalkaloids synthesized by the fungus decreased.

scholarly journals In vitro organogenesis in Albizia guachapele, Cedrella odorata and Swietenia macrophylla (Fabaceae, Meliaceae)

2015 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Lisette Valverde Cerdas ◽  
Magali Dufour ◽  
Víctor Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Spanish Cedar

Regeneration of adventitious buds was achieved from hypocotyl explanls of Albizia guachapele (Guayaquil) and Cedrella odorata (Spanish cedar), and from epicotyl explants from Swietenia macrophylla (Honduran Mahogany). Seeds were obtained from CATIE's Latin American Fores! Seed Bank and genninated under aseptic conditions .. Four explants were cultured in each Petri dish on half strength modified Murashige and Skoog basal medium, and five concentrations of BA (benzyladenine) were studied; A. guachapele and S. macrophylla responded positively lo the presence of BA in the culture medium. Otherwise, Cedrella odorata requíred media supplemented with citokinin and auxin combinations lo induce adventitious buds.

scholarly journals The Role of Amino Acids for the In Vitro Culture of Some Species of Forage Legumes I. Trifolium pratense L

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Gabriela Maria VICAȘ ◽  
Mircea SAVATTI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Establishing the effect of the amino acids as additional additives to the culture medium is and will be in the future one of our concerns of interest for the in vitro culture of some plants. The present study examines the effect of the glicocol added to the LS basal medium over the embryos of the Trifolium pratense L specie cultivated in vitro. There were followed: the percentage of plant regeneration of the red clover, its multiplication capacity and the formation of the root system, and also the evolution of the callus obtained on mediums with 2,4D, BA and amino acid.

Novel reddish-orange color emitting Ca2SiO4:Sm3+ phosphors for white LED applications prepared by using agricultural waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 116996 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakshmi Devi ◽  
C.K. Jayasankar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
White Led ◽  
Orange Color ◽  
Reddish Orange

Elaboration of the 6,7,8 Oxygenation Pattern in Simple Coumarins: Biosynthesis of Puberulin in Agathosma puberula Fourc

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Brown ◽  
D. E. A. Rivett ◽  
H. Joan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Major Pathway

Abstract Umbelliferone and scopoletin are well utilized as precursors of puberulin, a 7-O-prenyl ether of isofraxidin elaborated by Agathosm a puberula Fourc. (Rutaceae). As ferulic, sinapic, and caffeic acids were all more poorly utilized than 4′-hydroxycinnamic (p-coumaric) acid, the partial biosynthetic route: 4′-hydroxycinnamic acid →→ um belliferone → aesculetin → scopoletin →→ puberulin is suggested as the major pathway. Prenylether formation apparently occurs at or beyond the scopoletin stage. The implication that ferulic acid does not participate in the formation of scopoletin from 4′-hydroxycinnamic acid is at variance with the known role of ferulic acid as a scopoletin precursor in tobacco.

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