REGULATION OF PROTEINASE FORMATION IN A SPECIES OF MICROCOCCUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald ◽  
Alice K. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Proteinase ◽  
Proteinase Production

Micrococcus sp. ATCC No. 407 (M. freudenreichii) produced relatively large amounts of extracellular proteinase in synthetic medium containing methionine, thiamine, biotin, NH4Cl, NaHCO3, NaCl, MgSO4, and FeSO4, with aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, or glutamine as the carbon source. The organism produced relatively small amounts of proteinase with succinate, malate, fumarate, maltose, maltotriose, or maltotetraose as the carbon source. In synthetic medium containing maltose, any one of several amino acids stimulated growth and proteinase production. The results indicated that the organism is a partial constitutive strain with respect to proteinase production and suggested that proteinase formation is controlled by a form of end-product induction. In the presence of inducer, carbon sources such as succinate or maltose caused suppression of proteinase formation, suggesting control by metabolic repression as well. Because extracellular proteinase formation is induced by amino acids and suppressed by carbon sources such as succinate or maltose, and because the organism can utilize amino acids as carbon sources for growth, it. is suggested that the function of extracellular proteinase in this organism is to ensure a supply of carbon for growth rather than a supply of amino acids for protein synthesis.

Transamination in homogenates of rediae of Cryptocotyle lingua and of sporocysts of Cercaria emasculans Pelseneer, 1900

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D. M. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Keto Acid ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Important Link

Transaminase activity in homogenates of larval Digenea indicates that alanine aspartic acid, glutamic acid and their α-keto acid analogues could form an important link between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. As few amino acids participate in transamination it is doubtful whether this process plays a major role in protein synthesis.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF SOME AMINO ACIDS IN PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Reed ◽  
Vernon H. Cheldelin ◽  
Chih H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
The Tca Cycle

The pathways of biosynthesis of alanine, serine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid in Penicillium digitntum have been studied by means of tracer techniques, using glucose-2-C14 and glucose-6-C11 as carbon sources. Alanine appears to be derived directly from pyruvate formed in the glycolytic degradation of glucose. Serine is synthesized from glycine, which is in turn derived mainly from a C2 fragment that originates in the C2–C3 cleavage of pentose, a product of phosphogluconate decarboxylation. The biosynthesis of aspartic acid in this organism may involve several pathways. Glutamic acid appears to be synthesized from glucose intermediates via the conventional reactions of the TCA cycle.

scholarly journals Utilization in vivo of glucose and volatile fatty acids by sheep brain for the synthesis of acidic amino acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M O'Neal ◽  
R E Koeppe ◽  
E I Williams
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Sheep Brain ◽  
The Brain

1. Free glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid from glutamine and, in some instances, the glutamic acid from glutathione and the aspartic acid from N-acetyl-aspartic acid were isolated from the brains of sheep and assayed for radioactivity after intravenous injection of [2-(14)C]glucose, [1-(14)C]acetate, [1-(14)C]butyrate or [2-(14)C]propionate. These brain components were also isolated and analysed from rats that had been given [2-(14)C]propionate. The results indicate that, as in rat brain, glucose is by far the best precursor of the free amino acids of sheep brain. 2. Degradation of the glutamate of brain yielded labelling patterns consistent with the proposal that the major route of pyruvate metabolism in brain is via acetyl-CoA, and that the short-chain fatty acids enter the brain without prior metabolism by other tissue and are metabolized in brain via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. When labelled glucose was used as a precursor, glutamate always had a higher specific activity than glutamine; when labelled fatty acids were used, the reverse was true. These findings add support and complexity to the concept of the metabolic; compartmentation' of the free amino acids of brain. 4. The results from experiments with labelled propionate strongly suggest that brain metabolizes propionate via succinate and that this metabolic route may be a limited but important source of dicarboxylic acids in the brain.

scholarly journals The Content of Non-essential Amino Acids in the Grains of Winter and Spring Varieties of Oats (Avena sativa L.) under the Conditions of Central Southern Bulgaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
T. Georgieva ◽  
P. Zorovski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Essential Amino Acids

The purpose of this survey is to study the content of non-essential amino acids in four winter (Dunav 1, Ruse 8, Resor 1, Line M-K) and five spring (Obraztsov chiflik 4, Mina, HiFi, Novosadski golozarnest and Prista 2) cultivars of oats grown in Central Southern Bulgaria within the period from 2007 to 2009. The tested cultivars have different contents of non-essential amino acids. Dunav 1 has the highest quantity of glicine (5.12 g/100 g protein) of all the winter cultivars, Ruse 8 has the highest quantity of alanine (5.69 g/100 g protein) and Resor 1 – the highest quantity of arginine (6.14 g/100 g protein). Generally speaking, the spring cultivars have a larger quantity of glutamic acid (from 25.86 to 26.07 g/100 g protein) and proline (from 6.15 to 8.21 g/100 g protein) but a smaller quantity of glycine (from 4.68 to 4.99 g/100 g protein) compared to the winter cultivars. The naked cultivar Mina has the highest quantity of cystine (2.14 g/100 g protein), cultivar Prista 2 has the highest quantity of proline (8.21 g/100 g protein) and glutamic acid (26.07 g/100g protein) and HiFi ranks first in terms of aspartic acid (9.05 g/100 g protein), serine (5.02 g/100 g protein) and tyrosine (2.09 g/100 g protein). In the study we have also established certain relations between non-essential amino acids.

USE OF GLUTAMIC ACID-U-C14 TO DETERMINE NUTRITIONALLY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FOR LARVAE OF THE BLOW FLY, PHORMIA REGINA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The production of C14O2 by third-instar larvae of the blow fly, Phormia regina Meig., after it was injected with glutamic acid-U-C14, indicates that this substrate was metabolized under these conditions. However, the nutritionally essential amino acids lysine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine, isolated from the injected larvae, contained little radioactivity. A low level of radioactivity in arginine, histidine, and methionine suggests that they were slowly synthesized. The nutritionally non-essential amino acids alanine, serine, aspartic acid, and proline contained large quantities of radioactivity; tyrosine and glycine were exceptions. These results, in agreement with earlier work that used glucose-U-C14, show that radioactivity data are useful for determining certain of the nutritionally essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Tracer studies on the biosynthesis of amino acids from lactate by Peptostreptococcus elsdenii

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Somerville ◽  
J. L. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Cell Fractions

Peptostreptococcus elsdenii, a strict anaerobe from the rumen, was grown on a medium containing yeast extract and [1−14C]- or [2−14C]-lactate. Radioisotope from lactate was found in all cell fractions, but mainly in the protein. The label in the protein fraction was largely confined to a few amino acids: alanine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and diaminopimelic acid. The alanine, serine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were separated, purified and degraded to establish the distribution of 14C from lactate within the amino acid molecules. The labelling patterns in alanine and serine suggested their formation from lactate without cleavage of the carbon chain. The pattern in aspartic acid suggested formation by condensation of a C3 unit derived directly from lactate with a C1 unit, probably carbon dioxide. The distribution in glutamic acid was consistent with two possible pathways of formation: (a) by the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle leading from oxaloacetate to 2-oxoglutarate, followed by transamination; (b) by a pathway involving the reaction sequence 2 acetyl-CoA→crotonyl-CoA→glutaconate→glutamate.

The influence of diet on the nitrogenous components passing to the duodenum and through the lower ileum of sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 166 (1002) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Lower Ileum

Analyses of the alimentary contents flowing to the duodenum of sheep during 24 h show that when the sheep are consuming a low-nitrogen diet more total nitrogen and amino nitrogen pass to the duodenum than are eaten daily in the food whereas when the sheep are eating high nitrogen diets, less total nitrogen and less amino nitrogen pass to the duodenum. The disparity between the total nitrogen and amino nitrogen content of the diets largely disappeared by the time the alimentary contents reached the terminal part of the ileum. From 64 to 68% of the nitrogen entering the duodenum and 54 to 64% of the nitrogen in the ileal contents was in the form of amino nitrogen. Proportionately more of the amino nitrogen was in solution in the ileal contents than in the duodenal contents. Losses of amino acids in the stomach when a high-nitrogen diet was consumed were especially large for glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, arginine and leucine. They were least for cystine and threonine. Gains of amino acids in the stomach when low nitrogen diets were consumed were all substantial except for proline, where a loss was found when hay and flaked maize were given. When these changes are considered as proportions of the quantities eaten then trends are similar for all acids. Changes in the molar proportions of the amino acids present in hydrolysates of the duodenal and ileal contents are discussed together with the significance of these changes in relation to the nutrition of the sheep.

Repression ofPseudomonas fluorescensextracellular lipase secretion by arginine

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonides Fernandez ◽  
Carmen San Jose ◽  
Robin C. McKellar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Extracellular Lipase ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Proteinase Production

SummaryThe effect of arginine on the production of extracellular lipase byPseudomonas fluorescens32A was studied. Arginine repressed lipase production when N was supplied partially or totally as arginine. Proteinase production was unaffected under the same conditions. Arginine did not repress lipase secretion when cells were pregrown in an arginine-containing medium; however, repression was found with uninduced cells. Several arginine-analogues were tested for the ability to repress lipase secretion and. of these, L-homoarginine and L-canavanine were the most effective. D-Arginine, L-arginine methyl ester, and L-ornithine did not cause repression. With the exception of glutamic acid and methionine, those amino acids that supplied N but not C for growth were found to repress lipase secretion. It is suggested that the accumulation of metabolic intermediate(s) may cause repression of lipase production.

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