Characteristics of Thiobacillus thioparus and its thiocyanate assimilation

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Katayama ◽  
Hiroshi Kuraishi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Thiobacillus Thioparus

Thiocyanate-assimilating bacterium, TK 21, was isolated from activated sludge used for the treatment of thiocyanate contained in coke-oven liquor. This organism oxidized thiosulfate and elemental sulfur, causinga decrease of pH of the medium. These facts indicated that it belongs to the genus Thiobacillus. Potassium thiocyanate (0.5 g/ℓ) was completely assimilated during 60 h. Thiosulfate inhibited the assimilation of thiocyanate but elemental sulfur did not. This bacterium did not evolve cyanide as its oxidation product after the decomposition of thiocyanate. The isolated bacterium was identified as Thiobacillus thioparus. Examination of the composition of cellular fatty acid of three strains of T. thioparus showed that they possessed 3-hydroxy fatty acids of C10 and C12; saturated straight chains of C10, C12, C15, C16, C17, and C18; mono-unsaturated straight chains of C16 and C18; and cyclopropane acid of C17.

Chemotaxonomic fatty-acid fingerprints of some streptococci with subsequent statistical analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1723-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
Lancefield Group

Cellular fatty-acid profiles were obtained for streptococci of Lancefield groups A, B, C, D, N and O, and Streptococcus salivarius. The major fatty acids above isomyristate had the retention characteristics of n-myristate, myristoleate, n-palmitate, palmitoleate, anteisostearate, n-stearate, and oleate (or cis-vaccenate). Profiles were quantitatively and qualitatively similar. Strains could be identified as members of a particular Lancefield group by computer analysis with the Bravais–Pearson coefficient of linear correlation being used as a measure of association of strain pairs, since strains of the different Lancefield groups examined had distinct fatty-acid profiles.

scholarly journals Lipid metabolism. Evidence of a δ-oxidation pathway for saturated fatty acids

1969 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Dimick ◽  
N. J. Walker ◽  
Stuart Patton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Lipids ◽  
Active Intermediates

1. Specific radioactivities of milk triglyceride fatty acids and γ- and δ-hydroxy fatty acids were measured after the intramammary infusion of [1−14C]acetate, δ-hydroxy[1−14C]laurate and [1−14C]laurate as their sodium salts into fed lactating goats. 2. Net incorporations of the radioactive tracer into the total milk lipids were comparable, being 16, 17 and 21% of the label infused respectively. 3. The specific radioactivities of the C4–C8 fatty acids after [1−14C]acetate infusion were lower than those of the C10–C14 fatty acids. 4. After δ-hydroxy[1−14C]laurate administration the milk triglyceride fatty acids were labelled and their specific radioactivities were characterized by decreasing values with increasing chain length of the fatty acids, implicating C4 unit incorporation. 5. The γ- and δ-hydroxy fatty acids isolated after [1−14C]laurate infusion were highly labelled and the milk triglyceride fatty acids, other than laurate, exhibited a labelling pattern similar to that of the fatty acids derived from the radioactive δ-hydroxy fatty acid. 6. Evidence is presented for the existence of saturated fatty acid δ-oxidation in the mammary gland, in which the γ- and δ-hydroxy fatty acids are active intermediates.

scholarly journals Sequestration of 9-Hydroxystearic Acid in FAHFA (Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids) as a Protective Mechanism for Colon Carcinoma Cells to Avoid Apoptotic Cell Death

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Guijas ◽  
Alma M. Astudillo ◽  
Julio M. Rubio ◽  
María A. Balboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Hydroxystearic Acid ◽  
Colorectal Tumors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Esters

Hydroxy fatty acids are known to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The best studied of them, 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-HSA), induces apoptosis in cell lines by acting through mechanisms involving different targets. Using mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approaches, we show in this study that 9-HSA levels in human colorectal tumors are diminished when compared with normal adjacent tissue. Since this decrease could be compatible with an escape mechanism of tumors from 9-HSA-induced apoptosis, we investigated different features of the utilization of this hydroxyfatty acid in colon. We show that in colorectal tumors and related cell lines such as HT-29 and HCT-116, 9-HSA is the only hydroxyfatty acid constituent of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxyfatty acids (FAHFA), a novel family of lipids with anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, FAHFA levels in tumors are elevated compared with normal tissue and, unlike 9-HSA, they do not induce apoptosis of colorectal cell lines over a wide range of concentrations. Further, the addition of 9-HSA to colon cancer cell lines augments the synthesis of different FAHFA before the cells commit to apoptosis, suggesting that FAHFA formation may function as a buffer system that sequesters the hydroxyacid into an inactive form, thereby restricting apoptosis.

scholarly journals Fatty Acyl Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid (FAHFA) Lipid Families

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Paul L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Branched Chain

Fatty Acyl esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFA) encompass three different lipid families which have incorrectly been classified as wax esters. These families include (i) Branched-chain FAHFAs, involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and inflammation, with acylation of an internal branched-chain hydroxy-palmitic or -stearic acid; (ii) ω-FAHFAs, which function as biosurfactants in a number of biofluids, are formed via acylation of the ω-hydroxyl group of very-long-chain fatty acids (these lipids have also been designated as o-acyl hydroxy fatty acids; OAHFA); and (iii) Ornithine-FAHFAs are bacterial lipids formed by the acylation of short-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the addition of ornithine to the free carboxy group of the hydroxy fatty acid. The differences in biosynthetic pathways and cellular functions of these lipid families will be reviewed and compared to wax esters, which are formed by the acylation of a fatty alcohol, not a hydroxy fatty acid. In summary, FAHFA lipid families are both unique and complex in their biosynthesis and their biological actions. We have only evaluated the tip of the iceberg and much more exciting research is required to understand these lipids in health and disease.

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