Effect of 3-O-substituted analogues of D-glucose and D-allose on amino acid uptake by Penicillium sp.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Brown ◽  
John M. Embil
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Effect On Growth

3-O-Methyl-D-glucose and 3-O-ethyl-D-allose cause an increase in growth rate of two dextranase-producing Penicillium species which is concomitant with an increase in amino acid uptake. In contrast, 3-O-ethyl-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-allose have no effect on growth and inhibit uptake of L-glutamic acid. These results indicate that considerable specificity is involved in the response of Penicillium sp. to O-alkylated sugars and some O-alkylated sugars may reduce production time of extracellular enzymes.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

Studies on Contact Inhibition of Growth in the Mouse Fibroblast, 3T3

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-873
Author(s):  
A. I. MEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Initial Growth Rate ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth

The effect of amino acid concentration on the initial growth rate of the contact-inhibited mouse fibroblasts 3T3 and its SV40-transformed derivative 3T3T has been studied. In medium in which the serum had been passed through a Sephadex column, and the concentration of amino acids lowered 1000-fold, one acid at a time, the growth rate constants were computed. For most of the 16 amino acids studied, the initial growth rate of 3T3 decreased more profoundly than that of 3T3T. The presence in serum of a factor which stimulates amino acid uptake and growth rate of 3T3T is described.

THE METABOLISM OF ANIMAL TISSUES CULTIVATED IN VITRO: III. AMINO ACID METABOLISM OF STRAIN L CELLS IN COMPLETELY SYNTHETIC MEDIA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 771-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Pasieka ◽  
Helen J. Morton ◽  
Joseph F. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Synthetic Media

Strain L cells, of mouse fibroblastic origin, have been cultivated in vitro in completely synthetic medium M 150 and in various modifications of this medium. The amino acid changes in the nutrient medium during cell cultivation have been studied by paper chromatography. A characteristic pattern of amino acid uptake and accumulation in the medium has been found. No change in the alanine concentration was observed but omission of alanine from the culture medium resulted in its accumulation in appreciable amounts. Omission of glutamic acid did not alter the pattern of amino acid changes by the cells. Omission of glutamine increased the uptake of amino acids and prevented amino acid accumulation. Omission of both glutamic acid and glutamine resulted in a virtual cessation of amino acid changes in the culture medium. Strain L cells decreased the adenine content of the medium and produced small amounts of hypoxanthine. These changes were not affected by alterations in the amino acid content of the medium. Omission of glutamic acid and glutamine from the culture medium did not cause an appreciable decrease in cell population or apparent degeneration of the cultures over a 30-day period.

Influx of Glycylsarcosine and l-Lysyl-l-Lysine into Hamster Jejunum in Vitro

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Taylor ◽  
D. Burston ◽  
D. M. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Side Chain ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range

1. This paper reports an investigation of whether the dipeptides glycylsarcosine and l-lysyl-l-lysine share a single mediated transport mechanism into hamster jejunum, or whether one of these peptides is taken up in part by a mediated mechanism unavailable to the other. The investigation, using rings of everted jejunum in vitro, was carried out at pH 5 in order to reduce brush border and/or intramedium hydrolysis of lysyl-lysine. 2. The kinetics of uptake of each peptide was studied over a wide range of concentrations. Estimates of the simple diffusion component in uptake of each peptide were made by the method of self-inhibition of transport as previously described. After correction for simple diffusion, uptake of each peptide conformed to Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and values for Kt and Vmax. were obtained. 3. It was found that each peptide was capable, at infinitely high concentration, of complete inhibition of mediated uptake of the other. The inhibitory effect was competitive. We concluded that glycylsarcosine and lysyl-lysine were taken up by a common mediated mechanism (or possibly mechanisms), neither peptide being taken up by a mediated mechanism unavailable to the other. 4. A previous paper showed that l-glutamyl-l-glutamic acid and glycylsarcosine were taken up by a common mediated mechanism, and this paper shows that l-lysyl-l-lysine and glycylsarcosine are taken up by a common mediated mechanism. It is therefore postulated that the neutral dipeptide glycylsarcosine, the acidic dipeptide glutamyl-glutamic acid and the basic dipeptide lysyl-lysine all share a common mediated mechanism for uptake. This suggests that peptide uptake differs from amino acid uptake in that it is indifferent to the net charge on the amino acid side chain(s).

THE METABOLISM OF ANIMAL TISSUES CULTIVATED IN VITRO: III. AMINO ACID METABOLISM OF STRAIN L CELLS IN COMPLETELY SYNTHETIC MEDIA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Pasieka ◽  
Helen J. Morton ◽  
Joseph F. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Synthetic Media

Strain L cells, of mouse fibroblastic origin, have been cultivated in vitro in completely synthetic medium M 150 and in various modifications of this medium. The amino acid changes in the nutrient medium during cell cultivation have been studied by paper chromatography. A characteristic pattern of amino acid uptake and accumulation in the medium has been found. No change in the alanine concentration was observed but omission of alanine from the culture medium resulted in its accumulation in appreciable amounts. Omission of glutamic acid did not alter the pattern of amino acid changes by the cells. Omission of glutamine increased the uptake of amino acids and prevented amino acid accumulation. Omission of both glutamic acid and glutamine resulted in a virtual cessation of amino acid changes in the culture medium. Strain L cells decreased the adenine content of the medium and produced small amounts of hypoxanthine. These changes were not affected by alterations in the amino acid content of the medium. Omission of glutamic acid and glutamine from the culture medium did not cause an appreciable decrease in cell population or apparent degeneration of the cultures over a 30-day period.

scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of Brain Tumor-Associated Epilepsy

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Csaba Juhász ◽  
Sandeep Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Glioneuronal Tumors

Epilepsy is a common clinical manifestation and a source of significant morbidity in patients with brain tumors. Neuroimaging has a pivotal role in neuro-oncology practice, including tumor detection, differentiation, grading, treatment guidance, and posttreatment monitoring. In this review, we highlight studies demonstrating that imaging can also provide information about brain tumor-associated epileptogenicity and assist delineation of the peritumoral epileptic cortex to optimize postsurgical seizure outcome. Most studies focused on gliomas and glioneuronal tumors where positron emission tomography (PET) and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can detect metabolic and biochemical changes associated with altered amino acid transport and metabolism, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter abnormalities in and around epileptogenic tumors. PET imaging of amino acid uptake and metabolism as well as activated microglia can detect interictal or peri-ictal cortical increased uptake (as compared to non-epileptic cortex) associated with tumor-associated epilepsy. Metabolic tumor volumes may predict seizure outcome based on objective treatment response during glioma chemotherapy. Advanced MRI, especially glutamate imaging, can detect neurotransmitter changes around epileptogenic brain tumors. Recently, developed PET radiotracers targeting specific glutamate receptor types may also identify therapeutic targets for pharmacologic seizure control. Further studies with advanced multimodal imaging approaches may facilitate development of precision treatment strategies to control brain tumor-associated epilepsy.

scholarly journals Polyribonucleotide Synthesis and Bacterial Amino Acid Uptake: the Work of Leon A. Heppel

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (18) ◽  
pp. e13-e15
Author(s):  
Nicole Kresge ◽  
Robert D. Simoni ◽  
Robert L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake

scholarly journals Amino Acid Transporters on the Guard of Cell Genome and Epigenome

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Uğur Kahya ◽  
Ayşe Sedef Köseer ◽  
Anna Dubrovska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Growth And Survival

Tumorigenesis is driven by metabolic reprogramming. Oncogenic mutations and epigenetic alterations that cause metabolic rewiring may also upregulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Precise regulation of the intracellular ROS levels is critical for tumor cell growth and survival. High ROS production leads to the damage of vital macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, causing genomic instability and further tumor evolution. One of the hallmarks of cancer metabolism is deregulated amino acid uptake. In fast-growing tumors, amino acids are not only the source of energy and building intermediates but also critical regulators of redox homeostasis. Amino acid uptake regulates the intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response signaling, mTOR-mediated antioxidant defense, and epigenetic adaptations of tumor cells to oxidative stress. This review summarizes the role of amino acid transporters as the defender of tumor antioxidant system and genome integrity and discusses them as promising therapeutic targets and tumor imaging tools.

scholarly journals Studies on Aromatic Amino Acid Uptake by Rat Brain in Vivo

1962 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
Gordon Guroff ◽  
Sidney Udenfriend
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake
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