THE METABOLISM OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES: I. ADRENAL STEROIDS AND THE SYNTHESIS OF GLUCOSAMINE-6-PHOSPHATE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2141-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Significant Change

The transamidase which synthesizes glucosamine-6-phosphate was studied in liver and connective tissue of rats. Adrenalectomy was found to result in a significant reduction in enzyme activity in liver. Adrenal steroid therapy with individual corticoids did not restore the level of activity, and cortisone caused a further significant decrease.Neither adrenalectomy nor therapy with the adrenal steroids corticosterone or cortisone effected any significant change in the level of activity in connective tissue. However, in the case of three other steroids, deoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, or progesterone, which were tested individually, the level was significantly decreased. Treatment with Reichstein's substance S resulted in a significantly increased enzyme activity.

THE METABOLISM OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES: I. ADRENAL STEROIDS AND THE SYNTHESIS OF GLUCOSAMINE-6-PHOSPHATE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2141-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Significant Change

The transamidase which synthesizes glucosamine-6-phosphate was studied in liver and connective tissue of rats. Adrenalectomy was found to result in a significant reduction in enzyme activity in liver. Adrenal steroid therapy with individual corticoids did not restore the level of activity, and cortisone caused a further significant decrease.Neither adrenalectomy nor therapy with the adrenal steroids corticosterone or cortisone effected any significant change in the level of activity in connective tissue. However, in the case of three other steroids, deoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, or progesterone, which were tested individually, the level was significantly decreased. Treatment with Reichstein's substance S resulted in a significantly increased enzyme activity.

An Appraisal of Fulminant Meningococcemia with Reference to the Shwartzman Phenomenon

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-341
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
Vascular Thrombosis ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon

The object of this study was to evaluate the evidence for and against operation of the Shwartzman phenomenon (local or generalized) in meningococcemia. It is based on 52 cases of meningococcus infection seen at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital in a 20 year period. The fatal cases were compared with 152 patients who survived meningococcus infection. Vascular thrombosis appears to be the primary lesion involved in the production of the hemorrhagic lesions of the skin and adrenals in acute meningococcemia. It is suggested that these lesions may be produced by a local Shwartzman phenomenon. Of special interest is the occurrence of three instances of renal cortical necrosis, such as is seen characteristically in the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Because of the similarity of the lesions found in the fatal cases of meningococcus infection with the Shwartzman phenomenon, and the fact that cortisone is one of the most efficient methods of potentiating the Shwartzman phenomenon, led the authors to question the wisdom of the use of adrenal steroid therapy in fulminating meningococcus septicemia. It was also found that of 156 patients with meningococcus infection, not in shock at the time of admission, there was a mortality of 21% for the patients who received adrenal steroid therapy compared with a 7% mortality in those who did not receive adrenal steroids.

scholarly journals DOSAGE COMPENSATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER TRIPLOIDS. II. GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Gustavo Maroni ◽  
Walter Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Integral Number ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The level of activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was determinel in flies having seven different chromosomic constitutions. All those having an integral number of chromosomes [XAA, XXAA, XAAA, XXAAA, and XXXAAA (X=X chromosome, A=set of autosomes)] were found to have similar units of enzyme activity/mg live weight, while diploid females with a duplication and triploid females with a deficiency showed dosage effect. The amount of enzyme activity per cell, on the other hand, is also independent of the number of X's present but appears roughly proportional to the number of sets of autosomes.—It is proposed that dosage-compensated sex-linked genes are controlled by a positively acting regulatory factor(s) of autosomal origin. With this hypothesis it is possible to explain dosage compensation as a consequence of general regulatory mechanisms without invoking a special device which applies only to the X chromosomes.

Alteration of Renal Response to Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor by Synthetic Adrenal Steroids

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Perlmutt ◽  
Donald A. Olewine
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Renal Response ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Intact Rats

The increased urinary Na+ output induced by Diamox in water-loaded adrenalectomized rats was partially antagonized by the mineralocorticoid, desoxycorticosterone glucoside (DCG), the increased K+ excretion was augmented and urine volume was not affected. Intact rats subjected to the same treatment showed only a small, but significant, rise in K+ excretion. Under the same conditions, the glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (compound FH), significantly elevated Na+, K+ and H2O excretion in adrenalectomized rats receiving Diamox; intact rats showed an increase in Na+ and H2O excretion with no significant change in K+ output. Of particular interest is the finding that 2.5 mg compound FH alone increased H2O excretion in adrenalectomized rats to a slightly greater extent than Diamox alone with considerably less Na+ loss.

SEASONAL ADJUSTMENTS IN CAPTURED WILD NORWAY RATS: III. PRODUCTION OF ADRENAL STEROIDS IN VITRO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153
Author(s):  
J. S. Willmer ◽  
O. Héroux
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Norway Rats

The in vitro adrenal steroid secretion of wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) captured during the winter differed in quantity, but not in quality, from that of similar rats captured during the summer. Whereas there was no evident seasonal effect on adrenal weight either in males or in females, adrenals of both sexes secreted at a faster rate during the winter than during the summer, this increase involving the four groups of steroids characterized chromatographically during both seasons and in both sexes; the predominant steroid secreted was corticosterone. This seasonal adjustment in adrenal activity is similar to that observed in white rats kept in group cages exposed outdoors to the natural summer and winter environmental conditions, but it differs from that found in white rats cold-acclimated in the laboratory, in which adrenal activity is lower than normal after cold acclimation.

STUDIES ON HUMAN ADRENAL STEROIDS: 1. THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPIN ON COMPONENTS OF THE FREE AND CONJUGATED PLASMA C2l ADRENAL STEROID FRACTIONS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Southcott ◽  
S. K. Gandossi ◽  
A. D. Barker ◽  
H. E. Bandy ◽  
Hamish McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

The free and conjugated adrenal steroid fractions of peripheral plasma from12 normal human males were studied. Specimens were withdrawn before and after the administration of corticotropin. Hydrocortisone was identified chemically and some evidence was obtained for the presence of corticosterone. Hydrocortisone levels showed a marked but variable increase after corticotropin treatment. In some cases the administration of corticotropin resulted in the appearance of an unconjugated compound which may have been a tetrahydro derivative of cortisone or hydrocortisone. A method for studying the conjugated fraction was developed and preliminary data indicated that four components were present in some specimens after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. The level of these conjugates appeared to increase after treatment with corticotropin. In general, the response to a given dose of corticotropin showed considerable individual variation in the plasma levels of the components of both the free and conjugated corticosteroid fractions.

scholarly journals Role of lysyl oxidase like 1 in regulation of postpartum connective tissue metabolism in the mouse vagina†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Borazjani ◽  
Bruna M Couri ◽  
Mei Kuang ◽  
Brian M Balog ◽  
Margot S Damaser
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Gelatin Zymography ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Connective Tissue Metabolism

Abstract Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout (Loxl1 KO) mice occurs primarily in parous mice and is rare in nulliparous mice. We determined the effect of Loxl1 deficiency on postpartum regulation of connective tissue metabolism genes and degradative enzyme activity in the vagina at 20 days gestation or 4 h, 48 h, 7 days, 15 days, 25 days, 7 weeks, or 12 weeks postpartum. Nulliparous Loxl1 KO and wildtype (WT) mice aged 11, 18, or 23 weeks were controls. Gene expression and enzyme activity were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and fluorescein conjugated gelatin zymography, respectively. Parity, but not aging, had a significant influence on gene expression both with time postpartum and between KO and WT mice. Mmp2, Timp1, Timp2, Timp3, Timp4, Col1a1, Col3a1, Acta2, and Bmp1 were differentially expressed between KO and WT mice. Correlational analysis of gene-gene pairs revealed 10 significant differences between parous KO and WT groups, 5 of which were due to lack of co-expression of Bmp1 in KO mice. The overall enzyme activity that could be attributed to MMPs was significantly higher in WT compared to KO mice both 25 days and 12 weeks postpartum, and MMP activity was significantly lower 15 days and 25 days postpartum compared to KO nulliparous controls, but not WT. These findings suggest that Loxl1 deficiency combined with parity has a significant impact on postpartum regulation of connective tissue metabolism, particularly as it relates to co-expression of Bmp1 and altered proteolytic activity.

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