STUDIES ON HUMAN ADRENAL STEROIDS: 1. THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPIN ON COMPONENTS OF THE FREE AND CONJUGATED PLASMA C2l ADRENAL STEROID FRACTIONS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Southcott ◽  
S. K. Gandossi ◽  
A. D. Barker ◽  
H. E. Bandy ◽  
Hamish McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

The free and conjugated adrenal steroid fractions of peripheral plasma from12 normal human males were studied. Specimens were withdrawn before and after the administration of corticotropin. Hydrocortisone was identified chemically and some evidence was obtained for the presence of corticosterone. Hydrocortisone levels showed a marked but variable increase after corticotropin treatment. In some cases the administration of corticotropin resulted in the appearance of an unconjugated compound which may have been a tetrahydro derivative of cortisone or hydrocortisone. A method for studying the conjugated fraction was developed and preliminary data indicated that four components were present in some specimens after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. The level of these conjugates appeared to increase after treatment with corticotropin. In general, the response to a given dose of corticotropin showed considerable individual variation in the plasma levels of the components of both the free and conjugated corticosteroid fractions.

STUDIES ON HUMAN ADRENAL STEROIDS: 1. THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPIN ON COMPONENTS OF THE FREE AND CONJUGATED PLASMA C2l ADRENAL STEROID FRACTIONS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
C. M. Southcott ◽  
S. K. Gandossi ◽  
A. D. Barker ◽  
H. E. Bandy ◽  
Hamish McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

The free and conjugated adrenal steroid fractions of peripheral plasma from12 normal human males were studied. Specimens were withdrawn before and after the administration of corticotropin. Hydrocortisone was identified chemically and some evidence was obtained for the presence of corticosterone. Hydrocortisone levels showed a marked but variable increase after corticotropin treatment. In some cases the administration of corticotropin resulted in the appearance of an unconjugated compound which may have been a tetrahydro derivative of cortisone or hydrocortisone. A method for studying the conjugated fraction was developed and preliminary data indicated that four components were present in some specimens after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. The level of these conjugates appeared to increase after treatment with corticotropin. In general, the response to a given dose of corticotropin showed considerable individual variation in the plasma levels of the components of both the free and conjugated corticosteroid fractions.

SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mahoudeau ◽  
A. Delassalle ◽  
H. Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.

Within-Individual Variation in Steady State Plasma Levels of Different Neuroleptics and Prolactin

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McCreadie ◽  
Margaret Mackie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
Aksel Jorgensen ◽  
Villy Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
State Level ◽  
Drug Analysis ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Plasma

SummaryEleven male chronic schizophrenics were given, serially, oral pimozide, fluphenazine, and flupenthixol; the two latter were also given intramuscularly as decanoates in oil. Oral haloperidol was given before and after each drug. Analysis of variance of steady state plasma levels of the different neuroleptics showed considerable within-individual variation in such levels, probably due to differences in absorption and metabolism and between routes of administration. The findings suggest that if a patient fails to respond to one neuroleptic, there may be good pharmacokinetic reasons for switching him to another belonging to a different group, or for giving the same neuroleptic by a different route of administration. The study also showed that previous administration of one neurololeptic may influence the steady state level of another. The various neuroleptics produced different effects on plasma prolactin levels.

ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF MASTURBATION IN MEN

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PURVIS ◽  
B.-M. LANDGREN ◽  
Z. CEKAN ◽  
E. DICZFALUSY
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Healthy Males ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARY The levels of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestrone, oestradiol, cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in the peripheral plasma of a group of young, apparently healthy males before and after masturbation. The same steroids were also determined in a control study, in which the psychological anticipation of masturbation was encouraged, but the physical act was not carried out. The plasma levels of all steroids were significantly increased after masturbation, whereas steroid levels remained unchanged in the control study. The most marked changes after masturbation were observed in pregnenolone and DHA levels. No alterations were observed in the plasma levels of LH. Both before and after masturbation plasma levels of testosterone were significantly correlated to those of DHT and oestradiol, but not to those of the other steroids studied. On the other hand, cortisol levels were significantly correlated to those of pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione and oestrone. In the same subjects, the levels of pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione, testosterone and DHT in seminal plasma were also estimated; they were all significantly correlated to the levels of the corresponding steroid in the systemic blood withdrawn both before and after masturbation. As a practical consequence, the results indicate that whenever both blood and semen are analysed, blood sampling must precede semen collection.

PLASMA 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE, PROGESTERONE AND 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Florensa ◽  
Robert Harrison ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Ezat Youssefnejadian
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

ABSTRACT The peripheral plasma levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP), progesterone (P) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured by radioimmuoassay techniques in 440 samples during normal human pregnancy between weeks 4 and 41. The levels of 20α-DHP in plasma from the 4th to the 6th week were between 6.0 and 6.6 ng/ml. From then until the 21st week the average plasma 20α-DHP concentrations remained at the same level between 4.0 and 6.3 ng/ml; they then rose significantly to and beyond term, levels reaching over 40 ng/ml. The range of mean plasma concentration of P during the first trimester of pregnancy fell to a nadir in the 9th week (170 ng/ml) then rose with increased gestation until the 39th week (190.4 ng/ml) followed by a slight and not significant drop. Single measurements of plasma 17-OHP from the 4th to the 6th week of pregnancy gave value between 2.8 and 3.6 ng/ml, but from the 7th week the mean plasma 17-OHP levels gradually declined, then from week 30 the 17-OHP concentration increased to reach a mean level of 7.63 ng/ml in the 41st week. The ratio P/20α-DHP increased from the 4th (3.5:1) to the 24th week (15.6:1) and then decreased from the 25th week (7.9:1) towards term (3.2:1).

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore H:son Holmdahl ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Peripheral plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone* were measured during normal human pregnancy. During the first trimester measurements of peripheral plasma progesterone were also included. Five cases of early pregnancies were followed with frequent blood-sampling until the 14th week of gestation. In one of the women daily blood samples were collected from 10 days prior to conception until the beginning of the 6th week. From the 18th week on, a total of 173 blood-samples were obtained from individual patients. During the 7th week the average plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone reached a maximum of 3.7 ng per ml followed by a gradual decline. From week 14 to week 34 the mean level was around 0.5 ng per ml. Thereafter an increase towards term was noted with a mean plasma level of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone of about 2 ng per ml in week 40. Peripheral plasma progesterone decreased from a mean level of 27.0 ng per ml in week 5 to reach a nadir of 16.0 ng per ml in weeks 8 and 9 followed by a gradual increase. No correlation between the plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and the clinical outcome of pregnancy could be demonstrated.

Ticlopidine Facilitates the Deaggregation of Human Platelets Aggregated by Thrombin

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (01) ◽  
pp. 091-094 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cattaneo ◽  
B Akkawat ◽  
R L Kinlough-Rathbone ◽  
M A Packham ◽  
C Cimminiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryNormal human platelets aggregated by thrombin undergo the release reaction and are not readily deaggregated by the combination of inhibitors hirudin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and chymotrypsin. Released adenosine diphosphate (ADP) plays an important role in the stabilization of thrombin-induced human platelet aggregates. Since ticlopidine inhibits the platelet responses to ADP, we studied thrombin-induced aggregation and deaggregation of 14C-serotonin-labeled platelets from 12 patients with cardiovascular disease before and 7 days after the oral administration of ticlopidine, 250 mg b.i.d. Before and after ticlopidine, platelets stimulated with 1 U/ml thrombin aggregated, released about 80–90% 14C-serotinin and did not deaggregate spontaneously within 5 min from stimulation. Before ticlopidine, hirudin (5× the activity of thrombin) and PGE1 (10 μmol/1) plus chymotrypsin (10 U/ml) or plasmin (0.06 U/ml), added at the peak of platelet aggregation, caused slight or no platelet deaggregation. After ticlopidine, the extent of platelet deaggregation caused by the same inhibitors was significantly greater than before ticlopidine. The addition of ADP (10 μmol/1) to platelet suspensions 5 s after thrombin did not prevent the deaggregation of ticlopidine-treated platelets. Thus, ticlopidine facilitates the deaggregation of thrombin-induced human platelet aggregates, most probably because it inhibits the effects of ADP on platelets.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF PITUITARY AND STEROID HORMONES IN THE FOLLICULAR FLUID OF HUMAN GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES THROUGHOUT THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
W. M. HUNTER ◽  
A. S. McNEILLY ◽  
R. S. SAWERS
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

SUMMARY The concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone were measured in peripheral plasma and follicular fluid of women throughout the menstrual cycle. With the exception of prolactin, concentrations of pituitary and steroid hormones in follicular fluid correlated with those in peripheral plasma. Follicle-stimulating hormone was present in a greater number of small follicles ( < 8 mm) during or just after the peaks of FSH in peripheral plasma. During the mid-follicular phase the concentration of both FSH and oestradiol in fluid from large follicles ( ≥ 8 mm) was high. During the late follicular phase the large follicles ( ≥ 8 mm) contained high amounts of progesterone in addition to oestradiol, low physiological levels of prolactin, and concentrations of LH and FSH about 30 and 60% respectively of those found in plasma. By contrast no large 'active' follicles ( ≥ 8 mm) were found during the luteal phase although many contained both LH and FSH. Luteinizing hormone was present in a proportion of small follicles ( < 8 mm) during the late follicular and early luteal but not at other stages of the menstrual cycle. It is suggested that a precise sequence of hormonal changes occur within the microenvironment of the developing Graafian follicle; the order in which they occur may be of considerable importance for the growth of that follicle and secretory activity of the granulosa cells both before and after ovulation.

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