CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF ASCORBIC ACID AND GLYCOGEN IN DENERVATED RAT GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. A. Graff ◽  
A. J. Hudson ◽  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
A Value

In this investigation both ascorbic acid and glycogen were determined in rat gastrocnemius muscle after denervation for times ranging from 12 hours to 60 days. To assess more correctly the changes due to denervation, concentrations per unit weight and content per whole muscle were expressed as a percentage of the corresponding value obtained from the contralateral control. The concentrations of ascorbic acid and glycogen in the normal rat gastrocnemius were, respectively, 2.7 ± 0.1 μg (S.E.M. for 51 animals) and 355 (as a glucose equivalent) ± 15 μg (S.E.M. for 52 animals) per 100 mg wet weight. The concentration of ascorbic acid per unit weight showed significant increase (+ 27%) 36 hours after neurotomy and reached five times the control value 60 days after the denervation. The ascorbic acid content of the whole denervated muscle gradually accumulated to a value of 195% of control at 5 days and then declined to a value of 78% at 15 days and 65% at 60 days. In the later stages of atrophy the losses in ascorbic acid were always less than the losses in muscle mass. The glycogen concentration per unit weight remained essentially unchanged for the first 36–48 hours after neurotomy; it then dropped abruptly to 39% of the original value on the 3rd day and stayed at about this level until the 60th day after denervation. In the first 12 hours there appeared to be a slight rise in the glycogen content of the whole denervated muscle. Subsequently, there was a rapid loss of glycogen from 116% of normal at 24 hours to 35% at 3 days; during the same period of time the loss in muscle mass was only 16%. The loss in glycogen content after 60 days represented 94% of the original amount.The observed initial accumulation of ascorbic acid after denervation may reflect a relative increase in active transport (or in situ synthesis) over breakdown mechanisms. The results reported rule out the possibility that a local deficiency in ascorbic acid per unit weight of muscle is a contributory factor to denervation atrophy and show that there is a continuous local accumulation of ascorbic acid.

ALDOLASE AND "AMINOACYL ARYLAMIDASE" IN THE DENERVATED RAT GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. A. Graff ◽  
A. J. Hudson ◽  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Whole Muscle

Activities of the two enzymes aldolase and "aminoacyl arylamidase" (formerly called leucine aminopeptidase) were determined in rat gastrocnemius muscle 5, 15, and 30 days after denervation. Expression of both activities per unit weight and activities per whole muscle as a percentage of the contralateral control revealed a number of interesting changes. The concentrations of aldolase and "aminoacyl arylamidase" in the contralateral control gastrocnemius muscle were, respectively, 3.07 I.U. (S.E.M. ± 0.18 for 42 animals) and 0.0577 I.U. (S.E.M. ± 0.0030 for 42 animals) per 100 mg wet weight. Both the concentration per unit weight and the content per whole muscle of aldolase were not affected 5 days after neurotomy. At later stages of denervation large losses in aldolase occurred, with the concentration per unit weight being 43% of the control at 15 days and 25% at 30 days. On a whole muscle basis the loss in aldolase was higher than the loss in muscle mass (−85% versus −56% at 15 days and −93% versus −74% at 30 days). The concentration of "aminoacyl arylamidase" per unit weight increased in the denervated muscle (155%, 206%, and 207% of the contralateral control at 5, 15, and 30 days, respectively). The "aminoacyl arylamidase" content of the whole denervated muscle was increased (+ 24%) 5 days after neurotomy; in the later stages of denervation the content decreased, but the decrease was less than that for the muscle mass (−27% versus −56% at 15 days and −43% versus −74% at 30 days).The rapidity and magnitude of the losses of aldolase suggest that denervation of muscle has brought about an increased permeability to this enzyme. The findings for "aminoacyl arylamidase" might be explained on the basis that, immediately after neurotomy, there exists a positive balance between synthesis and the combined effects of catabolism and efflux of the enzyme which changes to a negative balance in the later stages of denervation.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF BIODEGRADABLE FLOATING DIRECT COVERS IN THE FIELD PRODUCTION OF BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE DURING SPRING AND AUTUMN TRIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Konrad Sulak ◽  
Ewa Capecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Level ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Non-degradable polypropylene nonwovens are difficult to dispose and their utilization represents high economic costs. This study was conducted on lettuce cultivated during the spring and autumn seasons in the southern part of Poland to test biodegradable nonwovens as plant covers. Several nonwovens were developed from aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (ACC), one without modifiers (SB48/11) and three with the addition of fatty acid dimers: two commercial variants (SB20/13, SB21/13) and one made from plant biomass (SB28/13). Nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fleece was included as a control cover. One week after covering with SB48/11, stomatal conductance (gs) increased in lettuce plants in parallel with higher transpiration rate (E) and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) relative to the control, but differences in these parameters evened out in mature plants. In the spring, degradable covers with their higher mass per unit area, caused a decrease in marketable yield of lettuce compared to the control PP, resulting mainly from the deterioration of plant quality and lower mean weight per head. In the autumn season, yield was statistically not different between treatments. Yield of spring lettuces was 78% higher compared to the autumn cultivation period. Plants grown under SB20/13 had the lowest dry weight and L-ascorbic acid, while plants under SB21/13 had the highest dry weight and L-ascorbic acid content. Plants under SB28/13 had higher chlorophyll a content. Generally, no effect of covers was noted for carotenoid concentrations. The content of dry weight, L-ascorbic acid, and carotenoids were higher in plants harvested in spring, while no effects of crop season on chlorophyll level were observed. All tested biodegradable nonwovens are a potential substitute for standard polypropylene in autumn trials, but for spring covering unit weight of these materials should be reduced.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and toxic elements, ascorbic acid content and color of different leaves in two cabbage varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Leahu ◽  
Cristina Ghinea ◽  
Mircea-Adrian Oroian ◽  
Cristina Damian
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
A Value ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Essential And Toxic Elements

Abstract The main goal of this paper was to evaluate total macro- and microelement contents of different cabbage leaves of two varieties of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba and Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) and to determine the ascorbic acid content and color parameters (L*, a*, b* and -ΔE). Also, the anthocyanins content of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra was investigated. The highest mean contribution of elemental interactions regarding total macroelements in white cabbage leaves from inside (14-16 leaf), was observed for calcium and selenium, whereas the lowest was found for heavy metals, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt. The total contents of calcium and selenium in red cabbage leaves from inside (14-16 leaf) were highest. Results showed that the red-purple hue is more pronounced outside of the red cabbage than inside and it was also found that there are losses of yellowish hues for white cabbage from the outer leaves to the inner ones. Regarding the content of anthocyanins, it was obtained a value of 65.124 mg/100 g fresh weigh for outer leaves of red cabbage. Our results indicated that ascorbic acid content of red cabbage is approximately 3 times higher than in the white cabbage.

CONCENTRATION AND TURNOVER OF CYTOCHROMEcIN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF WARM- AND COLD-ACCLIMATED RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Depocas
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Muscle

Cytochrome c concentration in ventrolateral abdominal muscles of cold-acclimated rats was significantly higher than in corresponding muscles of warm-acclimated rats, but concentration of this protein in gastrocnemius muscle was similar in both groups of animals. Average concentration of cytochrome c in all skeletal muscles was higher in cold- than in warm-acclimated rats. Total amount of skeletal muscle cytochrome c per rat, calculated as the product of estimated total muscle mass and average concentration of cytochrome c, was similar in both groups. The fractional rates of turnover of skeletal muscle cytochrome c, labelled by administration of 1-14C-acetate to warm- and cold-acclimated rats, were, respectively −0.050 ± 0.003 and −0.047 ± 0.005 per day, corresponding to half-lives of 13.8 and 14.8 days. The rate of turnover of cytochrome c was 0.5 mg cytochrome c per rat per day at both acclimation temperatures. A value of 14 days for the half-life of sarcosomes is suggested.

Analysis of ascorbic acid content in various fruits and vegetables by spectrofluorimetric methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Haskovic ◽  
A Copra Janicijevic ◽  
A Topcagic ◽  
L Klepo ◽  
A Kapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content

Adrenalectomy eliminates both fiber-type differences and starvation effects on denervated muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E850-E856 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Almon ◽  
D. C. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Starvation Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Denervated Muscles

This report describes changes in muscle mass of innervated and denervated pairs of muscles taken from intact and adrenalectomized 250-g male Sprague-Dawley rats provided with different diets. Diets ranged from a nutritionally complete liquid diet to starvation (water only). In the intact animals, muscles with a more tonic character (soleus) are less sensitive to starvation than are muscles with a more phasic character (extensor digitorum longus), whereas the opposite is true of denervation. In the intact animals, starvation greatly increased the amount of atrophy following denervation. In the adrenalectomized animals, starvation had no effect on the amounts of atrophy following denervation. Furthermore, adrenalectomy virtually eliminated the fiber-type differences in the amount of atrophy following denervation. In addition, a comparison between denervated muscles from intact animals and adrenalectomized animals subjected to starvation demonstrates that all denervated muscles from the adrenalectomized animals atrophy less. Finally, it was observed that although an adrenalectomized animal can tolerate 6 days of starvation, an adrenalectomized-castrated animal cannot tolerate even short periods of starvation. The difference appears to be due to low amounts of corticosterone of testicular origin.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals Optimising Tropical Fruit Juice Quality Using Thermosonication-Assisted Extraction via Blocked Face-Centered Composite Design

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Norazlin Abdullah ◽  
Nyuk Ling Chin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Yield ◽  
Solids Content

Extraction of tropical fruit juice using simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies is gaining importance to produce high quality juices. Juice from pink-fleshed guava, pink-fleshed pomelo, and soursop was extracted using direct and indirect thermosonication methods by varying intensity, time, and temperature, and compared to those extracted using water bath incubation. Improvised models of juice yield, ascorbic acid, and total soluble solids responses were generated by eliminating insignificant model terms of the factors in full quadratic model using backward eliminating procedure. Main effects, 3D, or 4D plots for each response were developed based on factors that influenced the response. Results showed that the best extraction method for guava and pomelo juices were within indirect thermosonication method of 1 kW, 55 °C and 30 min, and 2.5 kW, 54 °C and 23 min, respectively. Direct thermosonication method at 10% amplitude, 55 °C for 2 to 10 min was more suitable for soursop juice. Thermosonicated extraction of tropical fruit juice can improve its juice yield, ascorbic acid content, and total soluble solids content.

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