The decay of 237Np

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1409-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skalsey ◽  
R. D. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Level Scheme ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Coincidence Data ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray

The decay of 237Np has been investigated from singles and coincidence γ-ray spectra acquired using Ge(Li) detectors. Forty-two γ rays have been observed and all but one have been placed in the level scheme of 233Pa. The presence of unobserved transitions of low energy has been confirmed by the coincidence data. Five new γ rays are reported here and a new level in 233Pa at 303.8 keV is proposed.

THE γ-RAYS OF THORIUM CC′

1948 ◽  
Vol 26a (5) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Fultz ◽  
G. N. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Level Scheme ◽  
Electric Quadrupole ◽  
Coincidence Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Particle Group ◽  
Α Particles

At least two energy level schemes have been proposed for the ThC′ nucleus, which is excited in the β-disintegration ThCC′. That of Ellis (1933) includes three γ-rays of energies 0.726, 1.62, and 1.80 Mev., the 1.62 Mev. ray being doubtful. The level scheme of Latyschev and Kulchitsky (1940) has eight γ-rays including one of energy 2.2 Mev., for which no corresponding long-range α-particle group has been observed. The two level schemes lead to widely differing values for the total γ-ray energy of ThCC′. In the present investigation a value for the total γ-ray energy of ThCC′ has been obtained by measuring coincidences between the γ-rays of ThCC′ and the subsequently emitted α-particles of ThC′. It is shown that this value (0.14 Mev.) favors the level scheme of Ellis, including only the γ-rays of energy 0.726 and 1.80 Mev., and taking the former as electric quadrupole. It was found that under certain conditions the external bremsstrahlung excited by the β-rays of ThCC′ in the source-holder contributed appreciably to the coincidence rate. Precautions were taken to minimize this effect.

THE DECAY OF Au193 AND LEVEL SCHEME OF Pt193

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Ewan
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Level Scheme ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Conversion Spectrum

Au193 has been produced as the daughter of Hg193 formed by the reaction Au197(p, 5n)Hg193 in the McGill synchrocyclotron. The internal conversion spectrum and unconverted γ-ray spectrum have been examined using β-ray spectrometers, Nal spectrometers, and coincidence techniques. Au193 decays by electron capture to Pt193 with a half-life of 17.5 ± 0.2 hr. An upper limit of 0.08% per disintegration has been placed on the probability of emission of positrons in this decay. Twenty-eight γ-rays, all below 500 kev., have been observed associated with the decay of Au193. The first excited state of Pt193 has been shown to be at 12.7 kev. and the lifetime of this state measured as (2.2 ± 0.8) × 10−9sec. A level scheme is proposed for Pt193.

THE NEW ISOTOPES Cd104 AND Ag104

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 841-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
In Series ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Positron Spectrum ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray

Two new neutron deficient isotopes Cd104 (59 min.) and Ag104 (27 min.) have been produced by the reaction Ag107(p, 4n)Cd104 at 50 Mev. in the McGill University synchrocyclotron and by the subsequent growth of silver from the cadmium. These isotopes have been investigated by means of a 180° spectrograph of high resolution, a lens spectrometer, and a scintillation spectrometer. Chemical methods of identification have also been employed. Ag104 has been found to emit a positron spectrum of end point 2.70 ±.01 Mev. and a γ-ray of 556.2 kev. which is thought to be in series with the positron spectrum. The origin of a γ-ray of energy 118.4 kev. which appears to be converted in palladium is at present unknown. A tentative decay scheme is proposed. Cd104 appears to decay primarily by K-capture since no positron spectrum was observed which could be assigned to this isotope. Four γ-rays, of energies 66.7, 83.6, 123.6, and 134.2 kev., have been definitely assigned to this isotope on the basis of K−L differences shown by conversion lines; on the basis of relative L line intensities and K/L ratios the two low energy γ-rays have been shown to represent M1 transitions. Other conversion lines were found whose origin and element of conversion are unknown.

Niederenergetische γ-Strahlung beim Einfang thermischer Neutronen in Rhodium

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Buschhorn
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Order ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Crystal Spectrometer ◽  
Energy Level Scheme ◽  
Bent Crystal ◽  
Absolute Intensities ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray

The low-energetic capture γ-ray spectrum of Rh104 was investigated by means of a 4.6 m-bent-crystal spectrometer in DUMoND-arrangement. For 39 γ-rays in the range from 20 to 400 keV, the energies and absolute intensities (relative to 100 neutron captures) were determined. An improved intensity calibration of the spectrometer showed the energy-dependence of the integrated reflection coefficient for the (101)-planes of the 3 mm thick quartz-crystal in the second diffraction order to be E-1.025±0.03 in the energy range from 100 to 470 keV.Decay-time measurements showed that besides the well known 51.4 keV-El-γ-transition, a second transition with 97.1 keV also decays with the Rh104m half-life of 4.4 min. This 97.1 keV-γ-ray corresponds to the transition from the second exited Rh104-level to the ground state. Several RITZ-combinations confirm this conclusion and improve the low-energy level-scheme of Rh104.

The radiations emitted by and its formation in the deuteron bombardment of uranium

1947 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Feather ◽  
R. S. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Function ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Quantum Energy ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Deuteron Bombardment ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Internal Absorption

The production of by deuteron bombardment of uranium has been established and the radiations of this product have been examined by the absorption method. The normal mode of disintegration involves β-particles having an upper energy limit of 1·20 ± 0·02 MeV. and a low-energy γ-ray of 76 ± 3 keV. quantum energy. Evidence has been found for electrons of less energy (about 0·1 per disintegration) and more penetrating γ-rays of relatively low intensity. Quantum radiations corresponding broadly to the L X-radiations, to be expected to follow the internal absorption of the low-energy γ-ray, have also been detected.The excitation function for the process has been studied, and the conclusion reached that the Oppenheimer-Phillips mechanism is responsible for the larger part of the yield.

Studies of gamma-ray transitions in 146Eu

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sen ◽  
M. Kingman ◽  
H. Bakhru ◽  
N. Cue
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Level Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray

The decay of 146Gd to levels of 146Eu has been studied using high resolution X-ray and γ-ray detectors. γ–γ directional correlation studies, using X and γ-ray Ge(Li) detectors, were made to assign the spins of the low lying states in 146Eu. γ–γ coincidence experiments with two Ge(Li) detectors and between Eu X rays and γ rays were performed to pin down the levels of 146Eu. On the basis of these measurements, Jπ of 4−, 3−, 2−, and 1− have been assigned respectively to the ground, 115.66, 230.51, and 385.11 keV states in 146Eu. More accurate evaluation of the E2 admixtures in the M1 transitions, 114.85, 115.66, and 154.60 keV, have been obtained. Based on the above results a tentative level scheme for 146Eu has been proposed.

Radiation damage of BGO crystals due to low energy γ rays, high energy protons and fast neutrons

1983 ◽  
Vol 206 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kobayashi ◽  
Kenjiro Kondo ◽  
Hiromi Hirabayashi ◽  
Shin-ichi Kurokawa ◽  
Mitsuhiko Taino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Γ Rays

scholarly journals Molecular Clouds Observed by the EGRET Gamma-Ray Telescope

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth. W. Digel ◽  
Stanley D. Hunter ◽  
Reshmi Mukherjee ◽  
Eugéne J. de Geus ◽  
Isabelle A. Grenier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Background Rejection ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Production Mechanisms

EGRET, the high-energy γ-ray telescope on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, has the sensitivity, angular resolution, and background rejection necessary to study diffuse γ-ray emission from the interstellar medium (ISM). High-energy γ rays produced in cosmic-ray (CR) interactions in the ISM can be used to determine the CR density and calibrate the CO line as a tracer of molecular mass. Dominant production mechanisms for γ rays of energies ∼30 MeV–30 GeV are the decay of pions produced in collisions of CR protons with ambient matter and Bremsstrahlung scattering of CR electrons.

scholarly journals Cell Cycle Perturbations and Genotoxic Effects in Human Primary Fibroblasts Induced by Low-energy Protons and X/γ-rays

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio ANTOCCIA ◽  
Antonella SGURA ◽  
Francesco BERARDINELLI ◽  
Maria CAVINATO ◽  
Roberto CHERUBINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Primary Fibroblasts ◽  
Γ Rays
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