Strength development with burial in fine-grained sediments from Saguenay Fjord, Quebec: Reply

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
D Perret ◽  
J Locat ◽  
S Leroueil
Keyword(s):  
Strength Development ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Saguenay Fjord

Strength development with burial in fine-grained sediments from the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Perret ◽  
J. Locat ◽  
S. Leroueil
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Episodic Events ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Liquidity Index ◽  
Saguenay Fjord ◽  
Continuous Sedimentation ◽  
Marine Clays

Following a sedimentological and geotechnical investigation, two main types of materials were identified in the Saguenay Fjord: (1) organic-rich sediments deposited by continuous sedimentation, and (2) unbioturbated sediments deposited rapidly by episodic events. The consolidation state of sediments with depth were analysed. In all subsurface deposits, sediments are overconsolidated irrespective of the depositional processes. However, in continuously deposited sediments, strength develops more rapidly than in turbidites or mass flows. In the surficial bioturbated layer, strength and liquidity index gradients are at a maximum and the rate of strength variation can reach values as high as 9 kPa/kPa. Results from one-dimensional creep tests suggest that in the organic-poor turbidites, the strength development is controlled, at least partly, by thixotropic strengthening. For bioturbated clays, it appears that the viscosity and the aggregating potential of organic matter controls the evolution of the strength with burial. Key words : Saguenay Fjord, marine clays, consolidation, turbidite, organic matter, bioturbation.

scholarly journals Cement Kiln By-Pass Dust: An Effective Alkaline Activator for Pozzolanic Materials

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Kalina ◽  
Vlastimil Bílek ◽  
Tomáš Kiripolský ◽  
Radoslav Novotný ◽  
Jiří Másilko
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Autogenous Shrinkage ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Cement kiln by-pass dust (CKD) is a fine-grained by-product of Portland clinker manufacturing. Its chemical composition is not suitable for returning back into feedstock and, therefore, it has to be discharged. Such an increasing waste production contributes to the high environmental impact of the cement industry. A possible solution for the ecological processing of CKD is its incorporation into alkali-activated blast furnace slag binders. Thanks to high alkaline content, CKD serves as an effective accelerator for latent hydraulic substances which positively affect their mechanical properties. It was found out that CKD in combination with sodium carbonate creates sodium hydroxide in situ which together with sodium water glass content increases the dissolution of blast furnace slag particles and subsequently binder phase formation resulting in better flexural and compressive strength development compared to the sample without it. At the same time, the addition of CKD compensates the autogenous shrinkage of alkali-activated materials reducing the risk of material cracking. On the other hand, this type of inorganic admixture accelerates the hydration process causing rapid loss of workability.

Strength development in fine-grained paddy field soil by lime addition

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriful Islam ◽  
N.M. Robiul Hoque ◽  
M. Aminul Haque ◽  
Partha N. Mishra ◽  
M.M.H. Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Paddy Field Soil ◽  
Lime Addition

Mercury in the Sediments of the Gulf of St. Lawrence

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Loring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Sedimentation Pattern ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Saguenay Fjord ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

In sediments collected from the Saguenay fjord, the St. Lawrence estuary, and open Gulf of St. Lawrence, total mercury varies with sediment texture and location from 10 to 12 300 ppb (average 386 ppb). The highest concentrations occur in the Saguenay fjord (average 2980 ppb) and the lowest in the open Gulf of St. Lawrence (average 150 ppb). The concentration of mercury increases with decreasing grain size, the highest concentrations occur in the fine-grained sediments of the submarine troughs and shelf valleys and the lowest in the sandy shelf sediments. Analyses of the sediments from the Saguenay fjord, where mercury values range from 12 300 ppb at its head to > 500 ppb in the lower reaches, indicate that most of the mercury (70 to 90% of the total) is held by the organic matter in the sediments. The distribution of mercury in the fjord is apparently controlled by the downstream dispersal from local industrial sources of mercury-rich organic matter, most likely of terrestrial origin because of its high C/N ratio. In the St. Lawrence estuary where mercury values range from 30 to 950 ppb, and in the open Gulf where correlations between variables are lower and scattered anomalies exist, analyses indicate that mercury accumulates along with the fine-grained inorganic and organic matter in response to the present depositional processes. The distribution of mercury appears to be controlled by the sedimentation pattern. Terrestrial organic matter and industrial waste originating in the Saguenay drainage area have the strongest influence on its distribution.

Distribution and partition of cobalt, nickel, chromium, and vanadium in the sediments of the Saguenay fjord

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Loring
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Pattern ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Saguenay Fjord ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Fjord Sediments

In the Saguenay fjord sediments, cobalt (Co) concentrations vary between 5 and 20 ppm, nickel (Ni) concentrations between 7 and 36 ppm, chromium (Cr) concentrations from 33 to 70 ppm, and vanadium (V) concentrations from 67 to 149 ppm in relation to texture and location. The highest concentrations are found in the fine-grained sediments from the upper part of the fjord and the lowest concentrations occur in the sandy sediments near the mouth of the fjord. On the average, the fjord's muds are neither greatly enriched nor depleted in Co, Ni, Cr, and V when compared to muds from the St. Lawrence estuary and the open Gulf of St. Lawrence.Acetic acid extractions indicate that 8 to 25% of the total Co, 11 to 29% of the total Ni, 2 to 9% of the total Cr, and 5 to 23% of the total V are contributed by the non-detrital fraction and may be available to the biota in the fjord. Non-detrital Co, Ni, Cr, and V appear to have been removed from solution by adsorption onto fine-grained inorganic particles and their distribution controlled by the sedimentation pattern. Non-delrital Cr, V, and Ni are also associated with Mn and Fe oxides, which are present as grain coatings. Most of the Co, Ni, Cr, and V in the detrital fraction, which accounts for 71 to 98% of the total elemental concentrations are found in sulphide, oxide, and ferromagnesian minerals. These minerals accumulate at the same rate as other detrital sedimentary material in response to the present depositional conditions.The discharge of industrial waste has not resulted in an increase in the concentrations of Co, Ni, Cr, and V in the sediments above their natural levels.

Strength behaviour of lime-treated soils in the presence of sulphate

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P V Sivapullaiah ◽  
A Sridharan ◽  
H N Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Strain Behaviour ◽  
Abnormal Volume ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Cemented Soils

Lime has been used extensively to improve the shear strength of fine-grained soils. It has been recently reported that the presence of sulphate causes abnormal volume changes in lime-stabilized soil. The paper presents the strength behaviour of lime-treated montmorillonitic natural black cotton soil in the presence of varying sulphate contents after curing for periods of up to 365 days. Alteration of soil–lime reactions in the presence of sulphate affects the strength development by cementation. Consequently, the stress–strain behaviour effective stress paths of soil cured with sulphate are similar to those of normally consolidated soil rather than cemented soils. The reduction in shear strength due to a reduction in effective cohesion intercept occurs for lime-treated soil cured with sulphate for long periods.Key words: clays, cohesion, fabric, friction, shear strength.

Strength Development in Cement Admixed Fine-Grained Dredged Marine Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Amira Azhar ◽  
Chee Ming Chan
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
High Plasticity Clay ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

Dredged marine soils (DMS) are considered as wastes and are currently not being recycled. Solidification of DMS needs to be undertaken before the materials can be reused.This study focused on the development of strength of three solidified fine-grained DMS which are high plasticity clay (CH), high plasticity silt (MH) and low plasticity silt (ML) admixed with cement and bottom ash. This paper discussed the effect of water-binder ratio and curing period on the strength development of the solidified DMS. The results show that the strength increased with prolonged curing. The strength increased when the water-binder ratio was decreased. CH samples with water-binder (w/b) ratio =1 has the highest strength that are up to 4.7 MPa. Optimal w/b ratio for solidified DMS is w/b=3.

The distribution and partition of zinc, copper, and lead in the sediments of the Saguenay fjord

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 960-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Loring
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Sediment Texture ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Sulphide Minerals ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Saguenay Fjord ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Zinc (Zn) concentrations vary between 43 and 145 ppm, copper (Cu) concentrations between 6 and 33 ppm, and lead (Pb) concentrations between 14 and 66 ppm in relation to sediment texture and location in the Saguenay fjord. The concentrations of the elements increase with decreasing grain size; the highest concentrations occur in the fine grained sediments (muds) in the upper part of the fjord and they decrease downstream. On the average, the fjord muds are enriched in Zn and Pb when compared to sediments from the St. Lawrence estuary and the open Gulf of St. Lawrence.Acetic acid extractions of the sediments indicate that 14 to 29% of the total Zn, 14 to 21% of the total Cu, and 12 to 25% of the total Pb is contributed by the non-detrital (acid soluble) fraction, and the remainder (70–88%) is contributed by the detrital (acid insoluble) fraction. Most of the Zn, Cu, and Pb in the detrital fraction is held in discrete sulphide minerals. These minerals accumulate at the same rate as other detrital sedimentary material in response to the present depositional conditions. Non-detrital Zn, Cu, and Pb contributions represent the portion of the total element content adsorbed by fine grained inorganic and organic material during transport and deposition. The distributions of non-detrital Pb and to a lesser extent of Zn and Cu in the fjord are apparently controlled by the downstream dispersal from local industrial sources of mercury (Hg)-rich terrestrial organic matter.

Strength developement with burial in fine-grained sediments from the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec: Discussion

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
John H Schmertmann
Keyword(s):  
Fine Grained ◽  
Saguenay Fjord
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